三峡水库峡谷地貌区消落带优势植物种群生态位
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摘要
采用相邻格子法布设样方,对三峡水库峡谷地貌区海拔155~181 m的植被进行调查。以植物重要值为指标筛选消落带优势植物,并计测消落带优势植物和非消落带同种植物的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值。通过消落带与非消落带比较,研究消落带优势植物种群的生态位特征及形成机制,为消落带植被恢复和重建中适生植物筛选及植物种的科学配置等提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经历多次水库水位涨落后,消落带出现了10种优势植物,这些植物生态位宽度的大小排序是:鳢肠、毛马唐、鬼针草、狗尾草、稗、金色狗尾草、苍耳、狗牙根、香附子、水蓼;消落带上生态位相似性比例较大的种对是:毛马唐-稗、鳢肠-苍耳、鬼针草-水蓼;生态位重叠值较大的种对是:鬼针草-水蓼、鳢肠-苍耳、狗牙根-香附子、毛马唐-稗。生态位宽度大的植物种,与其他植物种的生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值也大。(2)消落带优势植物生态位相似性比例大于0.5的占51%,非消落带的同种植物仅占31%;消落带优势植物种间生态位重叠值大于0.5的占67%,非消落带的同种植物仅占44%。消落带大多数优势植物的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例以及生态位重叠值较高,反映出消落带优势植物间的生态位分化程度较低,种间竞争较为激烈,群落的稳定性较差。(3)不同植物的生物学特性以及对水陆交替变化环境的适应能力和生境的稳定程度,是导致消落带优势植物和非消落带同种植物生态位特征出现差异的主要原因。
Based on the data of adjacent lattice method,vegetation characteristics such as species importance value,niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value were measured in the water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) and non-fluctuation zone(CK) of the canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The niche characteristics of dominant plants were studied and their forming mechanisms were discussed through the comparison between the WLFZ and the CK to provide a theoretical basis for optimal plant selection and scientific plant configuration of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the WLFZ. The results showed that:(1) 10 dominant plant species appeared after experiencing many times of water level fluctuation in the WLFZ. Among them,Eclipta prostrate had the biggest niche breadth,followed by Digitaria chrysoblephara,Bidens pilosa,Setaria viridis,Echinochloa crusgalli,S. glauca,Xanthium sibiricum,Cynodon dactylon,Cyperus rotundus,and Polygonum hydropiper. The larger niche proportional similarities in the WLFZ were D. chrysoblephara vs. E. crusgalli,E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum,B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper,and the larger niche overlap values were B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper,E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum,C. dactylon vs. C. rotundus,D. chrysoblephara vs. E.crusgalli. These results suggested plants with larger niche breadth had larger niche proportionalsimilarity and niche overlap value.(2) The proportion of niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of more than 0.5 were 51% and 67% in the WLFZ,but 31% and 44% in the CK,respectively. The niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of most dominant plants in the WLFZ were greater than those of the same plants in the CK,which indicated that the niche differentiation between different dominant plants was lower,the inter-specific competition was more intense,and the stability of plant community was worse.(3) The biological characteristics of plants and their adaptabilities to the environmental changes,and the habitat stability were the main reasons for the differences of niche characteristics between the WLFZ and the CK.
Based on the data of adjacent lattice method,vegetation characteristics such as species importance value,niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value were measured in the water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) and non-fluctuation zone(CK) of the canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The niche characteristics of dominant plants were studied and their forming mechanisms were discussed through the comparison between the WLFZ and the CK to provide a theoretical basis for optimal plant selection and scientific plant configuration of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the WLFZ. The results showed that:(1) 10 dominant plant species appeared after experiencing many times of water level fluctuation in the WLFZ. Among them,Eclipta prostrate had the biggest niche breadth,followed by Digitaria chrysoblephara,Bidens pilosa,Setaria viridis,Echinochloa crusgalli,S. glauca,Xanthium sibiricum,Cynodon dactylon,Cyperus rotundus,and Polygonum hydropiper. The larger niche proportional similarities in the WLFZ were D. chrysoblephara vs. E. crusgalli,E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum,B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper,and the larger niche overlap values were B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper,E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum,C. dactylon vs. C. rotundus,D. chrysoblephara vs. E.crusgalli. These results suggested plants with larger niche breadth had larger niche proportionalsimilarity and niche overlap value.(2) The proportion of niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of more than 0.5 were 51% and 67% in the WLFZ,but 31% and 44% in the CK,respectively. The niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of most dominant plants in the WLFZ were greater than those of the same plants in the CK,which indicated that the niche differentiation between different dominant plants was lower,the inter-specific competition was more intense,and the stability of plant community was worse.(3) The biological characteristics of plants and their adaptabilities to the environmental changes,and the habitat stability were the main reasons for the differences of niche characteristics between the WLFZ and the CK.
引文
陈忠礼,袁兴中,刘红,等.2012.水位变动下三峡库区消落带植物群落特征.长江流域资源与环境,21(6):672-677.
池馨,刘济明,颜强,等.2014.小蓬竹群落优势种群的生态位特征.贵州农业科学,42(5):180-183.
郭泉水,康义,洪明,等.2013.三峡库区消落带陆生植被对首次水陆生境变化的响应.林业科学,49(5):1-9.
韩敏,张海艳,孙国俊,等.2014.苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草种间生态关系及群落分类.江苏农业学报,30(1):58-66.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
胡仁传,谢彦军,何中伟,等.2014.花坪银杉群落主要木本植物种群生态位特征.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,32(1):149-155.
胡正华,于明坚.2005.古田山青冈林优势种群生态位特征生态学杂志,24(10):1159-1162.
李军玲,张金屯,郭逍宇.2003.关帝山亚高山灌丛草甸群落优势种群的生态位研究.西北植物学报,23(12)2081-2088.
柳江,洪伟,吴承祯,等.2002.退化红壤区植被恢复过程中灌木层主要种群的生态位特征.植物资源与环境学报,11(2):11-16.
刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.2004.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征.应用生态学报,15(4)549-555.
刘维暐,杨帆,王杰,等.2011.三峡水库干流和库湾消落区植被物种动态分布研究.植物科学学报,29(3)296-306.
覃林.2009.统计生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
史作民,程瑞梅,刘世荣.1999.宝天曼落叶阔叶林种群生态位特征.应用生态学报,10(3):265-269.
王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.1995.植物种群学.广州:广东高等教育出版社.
王仁忠.1997.放牧影响下羊草草地主要植物种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的研究.植物生态学报,21(4):304-311.
王晓荣,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.2016.三峡库区消落带水淹初期主要优势草本植物生态位变化特征.长江流域资源与环境,25(3):404-411.
王正文,祝廷成.2004.松嫩草原主要草本植物的生态位关系及其对水淹干扰的响应.草业学报,13(3):27-33.
许中旗,李文华,鲍维楷,等.2005.植被原生演替研究进展.生态学报,25(12):3383-3389.
朱妮妮,秦爱丽,郭泉水,等.2015a.三峡水库巫山-秭归段典型消落带植被空间分异研究.林业科学研究,28(1):109-115.
朱妮妮,郭泉水,秦爱丽,等.2015b.三峡水库奉节以东秭归和巫山段消落带植物群落动态特征.生态学报,35(23):7852-7867.
Aplet GH,Vitousek PM.1994.An age-altitude matrix analysis of Hawaiian rain-forest succession.Journal of Ecology,82:137-147.
Brathen KA,Ravolainen VT.2015.Niche construction by growth forms is as strong a predictor of species diversity as environmental gradients.Journal of Ecology,103:701-713.
Fort H.2015.Community diversity and total abundance:Quantitative predictions from competition niche theory.Ecological Complexity,21:120-127.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
Leibold MA.1995.The niche concept revisited mechanistic models and community context.Ecology,76:1371-1382.
Whittaker RH,Levin SA,Roor RB.1973.Niche,habitat and ecotope.The American Naturalist,107:321-338.
Wilcox DA,Nichols SJ.2008.The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron Wetland.Wetlands,28:487-501.
池馨,刘济明,颜强,等.2014.小蓬竹群落优势种群的生态位特征.贵州农业科学,42(5):180-183.
郭泉水,康义,洪明,等.2013.三峡库区消落带陆生植被对首次水陆生境变化的响应.林业科学,49(5):1-9.
韩敏,张海艳,孙国俊,等.2014.苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草种间生态关系及群落分类.江苏农业学报,30(1):58-66.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
胡仁传,谢彦军,何中伟,等.2014.花坪银杉群落主要木本植物种群生态位特征.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,32(1):149-155.
胡正华,于明坚.2005.古田山青冈林优势种群生态位特征生态学杂志,24(10):1159-1162.
李军玲,张金屯,郭逍宇.2003.关帝山亚高山灌丛草甸群落优势种群的生态位研究.西北植物学报,23(12)2081-2088.
柳江,洪伟,吴承祯,等.2002.退化红壤区植被恢复过程中灌木层主要种群的生态位特征.植物资源与环境学报,11(2):11-16.
刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.2004.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征.应用生态学报,15(4)549-555.
刘维暐,杨帆,王杰,等.2011.三峡水库干流和库湾消落区植被物种动态分布研究.植物科学学报,29(3)296-306.
覃林.2009.统计生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
史作民,程瑞梅,刘世荣.1999.宝天曼落叶阔叶林种群生态位特征.应用生态学报,10(3):265-269.
王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.1995.植物种群学.广州:广东高等教育出版社.
王仁忠.1997.放牧影响下羊草草地主要植物种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的研究.植物生态学报,21(4):304-311.
王晓荣,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.2016.三峡库区消落带水淹初期主要优势草本植物生态位变化特征.长江流域资源与环境,25(3):404-411.
王正文,祝廷成.2004.松嫩草原主要草本植物的生态位关系及其对水淹干扰的响应.草业学报,13(3):27-33.
许中旗,李文华,鲍维楷,等.2005.植被原生演替研究进展.生态学报,25(12):3383-3389.
朱妮妮,秦爱丽,郭泉水,等.2015a.三峡水库巫山-秭归段典型消落带植被空间分异研究.林业科学研究,28(1):109-115.
朱妮妮,郭泉水,秦爱丽,等.2015b.三峡水库奉节以东秭归和巫山段消落带植物群落动态特征.生态学报,35(23):7852-7867.
Aplet GH,Vitousek PM.1994.An age-altitude matrix analysis of Hawaiian rain-forest succession.Journal of Ecology,82:137-147.
Brathen KA,Ravolainen VT.2015.Niche construction by growth forms is as strong a predictor of species diversity as environmental gradients.Journal of Ecology,103:701-713.
Fort H.2015.Community diversity and total abundance:Quantitative predictions from competition niche theory.Ecological Complexity,21:120-127.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
Leibold MA.1995.The niche concept revisited mechanistic models and community context.Ecology,76:1371-1382.
Whittaker RH,Levin SA,Roor RB.1973.Niche,habitat and ecotope.The American Naturalist,107:321-338.
Wilcox DA,Nichols SJ.2008.The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron Wetland.Wetlands,28:487-501.