钻孔岩心黏土混浊水电导率、黄铁矿、pH相关性分析及其在古沉积环境复原的应用:以渤海湾西岸平原DC01孔为例
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摘要
为探讨复原海岸平原沉积环境和精确划分海陆相地层的有效方法,对渤海湾西岸海河以南平原深达30 m的DC01孔岩心以约20cm间距取样,测试黏土混浊水电导率(EC)、黄铁矿质量分数(w(FeS_2))和pH值,并开展相关分析研究。结果显示,EC与w(FeS_2)正相关(相关系数r为0.47),而EC与pH以及w(FeS_2)与pH均负相关(r分别为-0.43和-0.52)。根据EC值的大小将DC01孔自下至上分成5个带(Ⅰ—Ⅴ),进一步分别对5个带的EC、w(FeS_2)及pH做相关分析,结果显示,Ⅱ带相关性最为突出:EC与w(FeS_2)的相关系数为0.83,极强正相关;EC与pH的相关系数为-0.77,强负相关;w(FeS_2)与pH的相关系数为-0.45,呈中等程度负相关。根据Ⅱ带的EC和w(FeS_2)极强正相关、且EC和w(FeS_2)均明显偏高以及多发育黑色泥炭和腐殖质黏土等特征,推断Ⅱ带为受海水影响的盐沼环境;结合AMS14 C测年结果,推测8 260~7 470cal.B.P.期间,海水曾经影响到DC01孔的位置。另外,Ⅳ带的EC值也偏高,但w(FeS_2)却较低,其EC与w(FeS_2)的相关系数为-0.03,不呈正相关关系,其原因是因为接近地表的上部沉积物因淋溶作用,在Ⅳ带形成淀积层导致EC异常偏高;最上层的Ⅴ带为淋溶层,这样就导致钻孔上部(深6.7m以上)Ⅳ带和Ⅴ带EC与w(FeS_2)的相关性出现异常。因此在讨论沉积物上部沉积环境时,将EC与w(FeS_2)综合分析可以更精确地划分钻孔岩心的沉积环境。
In order to explore the effective method for the reconstruction of the ancient environment of coastal plains and accurately divide the marine and continental stratum,the core DC01(30 mdepth)was taken from the south of the Haihe River in the west plain of the Bohai Bay,and sampled at intervals of 20 cm;The electric conductivity(EC),w(FeS_2)and pH were measured,and the correlations between ECand pH,w(FeS_2)and pH were analyzed.The results show that ECis positively correlated with w(FeS_2)(r=0.47),while ECis negatively correlated with pH,and so is w(FeS_2)(r=-0.43 and-0.52,respectively).According to the EC value,the core DC01 was divided into five bands from bottom to top,and the correlations between EC,w(FeS_2)and pH were further analyzed.The results show that the correlation of bandⅡis most obvious,and its ECis positively correlated with w(FeS_2)(r=0.83),but strongly negatively correlated with pH(r=-0.77),while w(FeS_2)is moderately negatively correlated with pH(r=-0.45).According to the strong positive correlation between ECand w(FeS_2),the high EC,w(FeS_2)and abundant black peat and humus clay,we can infer that the bandⅡ was developed in a salt marsh environment close to the seawater.Combined with the AMS14 C dating result,seawater once affected this position during the period of 8 260-7 470 cal.B.P.In bandⅣ,the EC is high,but w(FeS_2)is very low,and the correlation between ECand w(FeS_2)is negative(r=-0.03),such a pattern was caused by the leaching effect of the upper surface sediments.The uppermost bandⅤ(6.7 m on top)is a leaching layer,therefore its correlation between EC and w(FeS_2)is abnormal.Obviously,a comprehensive analysis of EC and w(FeS_2)can give a more reliable result for the discussion of the upper sedimentary environment of a drilling core.
In order to explore the effective method for the reconstruction of the ancient environment of coastal plains and accurately divide the marine and continental stratum,the core DC01(30 mdepth)was taken from the south of the Haihe River in the west plain of the Bohai Bay,and sampled at intervals of 20 cm;The electric conductivity(EC),w(FeS_2)and pH were measured,and the correlations between ECand pH,w(FeS_2)and pH were analyzed.The results show that ECis positively correlated with w(FeS_2)(r=0.47),while ECis negatively correlated with pH,and so is w(FeS_2)(r=-0.43 and-0.52,respectively).According to the EC value,the core DC01 was divided into five bands from bottom to top,and the correlations between EC,w(FeS_2)and pH were further analyzed.The results show that the correlation of bandⅡis most obvious,and its ECis positively correlated with w(FeS_2)(r=0.83),but strongly negatively correlated with pH(r=-0.77),while w(FeS_2)is moderately negatively correlated with pH(r=-0.45).According to the strong positive correlation between ECand w(FeS_2),the high EC,w(FeS_2)and abundant black peat and humus clay,we can infer that the bandⅡ was developed in a salt marsh environment close to the seawater.Combined with the AMS14 C dating result,seawater once affected this position during the period of 8 260-7 470 cal.B.P.In bandⅣ,the EC is high,but w(FeS_2)is very low,and the correlation between ECand w(FeS_2)is negative(r=-0.03),such a pattern was caused by the leaching effect of the upper surface sediments.The uppermost bandⅤ(6.7 m on top)is a leaching layer,therefore its correlation between EC and w(FeS_2)is abnormal.Obviously,a comprehensive analysis of EC and w(FeS_2)can give a more reliable result for the discussion of the upper sedimentary environment of a drilling core.
引文
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[5]方晶,王宏,王福,等.渤海湾西北岸埋藏牡蛎礁礁顶上下沉积物中硅藻对“礁泥转换”古沉积环境的重建[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):879-890.Fang Jing,Wang Hong,Wang Fu,et al.Diatom Analysis in the Top and Bottom Muddy Sediments of Buried Oyster Reef for the Reef-Mud Conversion Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction,Northwest Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):879-890.
[6]佐藤万寿美,横山卓雄.黏土混濁水の電気伝導度による古環境の推定~関西国際空港ボーリング·コアの場合[J].地质学杂志,1992,98(9):825-839.Sato M,Yokoyama T.Analysis of Paleo-Environment Based on Electric Conductivity of the STICS-Water:On Two Drilled Cores at Osaka Bay,Japan[J].The Geological Society of Japan,1992,98(9):825-839.
[7]内園立男,森勇一.濃尾平野南部ボ-リングコアの粘土混浊水の電気伝導度およびpH測定に基づく堆積環境の推定[J].第四纪研究,2004,43(5):375-382.Uchizono T,Mori Y.Sedimentary Environmental Analysis Based on Electric Conductivity and pH of Stirred Clayer Drilling Cores into Water Recovered from the Southern Part of Nobi Plain Central Japan[J].The Quaternary Research,2004,43(5):375-382.
[8]白神宏.FeS2含有量からみた広島平野沖積層の堆積構造[J].地理学评论,1985,58(10):631-644.Shirakami H.the Structure of Alluvial Formations Deduced from FeS2 Contents of Cored Sediments Taken from Hiroshima Plain[J].The Association of Japanese Geographers,1985,58(10):631-644.
[9]方晶,李应硕,介冬梅,等.黏土混浊水导电率在海陆变迁研究上的应用:以下辽河平原为例[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):493-494.Fang Jing,Li Yingshuo,Jie Dongmei,et al.Application of Clayey Water Electric Conductivity Recovered from the Sea-Land Changes:A Case Study in Xialiao River plain[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(3):493-494.
[10]方晶,武亚芳,李瑞武,等.辽宁沿海早、中期全新世海进中的一次海退事件[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):376-403.Fang Jing,Wu Yafang,Li Ruiwu,et al.Discussion on Marine Regression Event during the Early-Middle Holocene in the Liaoning Coast[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(2):376-403.
[11]方晶,范昌福,王海峰,等.黏土混浊水EC对牡蛎礁水平夹层成因的解释:以渤海湾西北岸大吴庄牡蛎礁为例[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(4):746-748.Fang Jing,Fan Changfu,Wang Haifeng,et al.Application of Clayey Water Electric Conductivity Recovered from Origins of Horizontal Interlayers in the Buried Oyster Reef:A Case Study of the Dawuzhuang Oyster Reef in the Northwest of Bohai Bay[J].Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(4):746-748.
[12]横山卓雄.电气传导度测定法[M]//日本第四纪学会.第四纪试料分析法:2.东京:东京大学出版会,1993:109-118.Yokoyama T.Mensuration of Electric Conductivity[M]//Japan Association for Quaternary Researched.A Handbook of Quaternary Research:2.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1993:109-118.
[13]Berner R A.Sedimentary Pyrite Formation[J].Amer Jour Sci,1970,268:1-23.
[14]中井信之,太田友子,藤沢寛,等.堆積物コアの炭素同位体比,C/N比およびFeS2含有量からみた名古屋港周辺の古気候,古海水準変動[J].第四纪研究,1982,21(3):169-177.Nakai N,Ohta T,Fujisawa H,et al.Paleoclimatic and Sea-Level Changes Deduced from Organic Carbon Isotope Ratios,C/N Ratios and Pyrite Contents of Cored Sediments from Nagoya Harbor,Japan[J].The Quaternary Research,1982,21(3):169-177.
[15]李世瑜.古代渤海湾西部海岸遗迹及地下文物的初步调查研究[J].考古,1962,11(12):652-657.Li Shiyu.Preliminary Study on Relics of Coast and Culture in the West Coast of Bohai Bay[J].Acta Archaeology Sinica,1962,11(12):652-657.
[16]赵希涛,张景文,焦文强,等.渤海湾西岸的贝壳堤[J].科学通报,1980,25(6):279-281.Zhao Xitao,Zhang Jingwen,Jiao Wenqiang,et al.Chenier Ridge on the West Coast of Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1980,25(6):279-281.
[17]苏盛伟.渤海湾西岸全新世贝壳堤古环境重建[D].长春:吉林大学,2012:1-79.Su Shengwei.Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Holocene Cheniers in West Coast of Bohai Bay[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012:1-79.
[18]Reimer P J,Bard E,Bayliss A,et al.IntCal13and MARINE13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0-50 000 Years cal.B.P.[J].Radiocarbon,2013,55(4):1869-1887.
[19]Stuiver M,Braziunas T.Modelling Atmospheric 14 C Influences and 14 C Ages of Marine Samples to 10 000BC[J].Radiocarbon,1993,35:137-189.
[20]Kellogg W W,Cadle R D,Allen E R,el al.The Sulfur Cycle[J].Science,1972,175:587-596.
[21]Goldman C R,Horne A J.Limnology[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1983:464.
[22]方晶,杨永强,马宏伟,等.辽东半岛大孤山古溺谷平原沉积环境的复原:基于岩心黏土混浊水电导率和pH值以及硅藻组合[J].海洋学报,2012,34(6):133-141.Fang Jing,Yang Yongqiang,Ma Hongwei,et al.Edimentary Environmental Analysis Based on Electric Conductivity and pH of Stirred Clayed Drilling Cores in Water and Diatom Recovered from the of Old Drowned Valley Plain in the Dagu Mountain,Liaodong Peninsula in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(6):133-141.
[2]陈永胜,王宏,裴艳东,等.渤海湾西岸晚第四纪海相地层划分及地质意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(2):747-759.Chen Yongsheng,Wang Hong,Pei Yandong,et al.Division and Its Geological Significannce of the Late Quaternary Marine Sedimentary Beds in the West Coast of Bohai Bay,China[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(2):747-759.
[3]陈永胜,李建芬,王福,等.渤海湾西岸现代岸线钻孔记录的全新世沉积环境与相对海面变化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(2):499-517.Chen Yongsheng,Li Jianfen,Wang Fu,et al.Records of Holocene Sedimentation Environment and Relative Sea Level by the Boreholes Collected Along the Present Shoreline of the West Coast of Bohai Bay,China[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(2):499-517.
[4]方晶,杨永强,商志文,等.硅藻Auliscus caelatus对渤海湾西北岸大吴庄埋藏牡蛎礁形成环境的复原[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(增刊2):343-351.Fang Jing,Yang Yongqiang,Shang Zhiwen,et al.Reconstruction of the Environment by Auliscus caelatus in Dawuzhuang Buried Oyster Reef on Northwest Coast of Bohai Bay[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(Sup.2):343-351.
[5]方晶,王宏,王福,等.渤海湾西北岸埋藏牡蛎礁礁顶上下沉积物中硅藻对“礁泥转换”古沉积环境的重建[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):879-890.Fang Jing,Wang Hong,Wang Fu,et al.Diatom Analysis in the Top and Bottom Muddy Sediments of Buried Oyster Reef for the Reef-Mud Conversion Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction,Northwest Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):879-890.
[6]佐藤万寿美,横山卓雄.黏土混濁水の電気伝導度による古環境の推定~関西国際空港ボーリング·コアの場合[J].地质学杂志,1992,98(9):825-839.Sato M,Yokoyama T.Analysis of Paleo-Environment Based on Electric Conductivity of the STICS-Water:On Two Drilled Cores at Osaka Bay,Japan[J].The Geological Society of Japan,1992,98(9):825-839.
[7]内園立男,森勇一.濃尾平野南部ボ-リングコアの粘土混浊水の電気伝導度およびpH測定に基づく堆積環境の推定[J].第四纪研究,2004,43(5):375-382.Uchizono T,Mori Y.Sedimentary Environmental Analysis Based on Electric Conductivity and pH of Stirred Clayer Drilling Cores into Water Recovered from the Southern Part of Nobi Plain Central Japan[J].The Quaternary Research,2004,43(5):375-382.
[8]白神宏.FeS2含有量からみた広島平野沖積層の堆積構造[J].地理学评论,1985,58(10):631-644.Shirakami H.the Structure of Alluvial Formations Deduced from FeS2 Contents of Cored Sediments Taken from Hiroshima Plain[J].The Association of Japanese Geographers,1985,58(10):631-644.
[9]方晶,李应硕,介冬梅,等.黏土混浊水导电率在海陆变迁研究上的应用:以下辽河平原为例[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):493-494.Fang Jing,Li Yingshuo,Jie Dongmei,et al.Application of Clayey Water Electric Conductivity Recovered from the Sea-Land Changes:A Case Study in Xialiao River plain[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(3):493-494.
[10]方晶,武亚芳,李瑞武,等.辽宁沿海早、中期全新世海进中的一次海退事件[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):376-403.Fang Jing,Wu Yafang,Li Ruiwu,et al.Discussion on Marine Regression Event during the Early-Middle Holocene in the Liaoning Coast[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(2):376-403.
[11]方晶,范昌福,王海峰,等.黏土混浊水EC对牡蛎礁水平夹层成因的解释:以渤海湾西北岸大吴庄牡蛎礁为例[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(4):746-748.Fang Jing,Fan Changfu,Wang Haifeng,et al.Application of Clayey Water Electric Conductivity Recovered from Origins of Horizontal Interlayers in the Buried Oyster Reef:A Case Study of the Dawuzhuang Oyster Reef in the Northwest of Bohai Bay[J].Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(4):746-748.
[12]横山卓雄.电气传导度测定法[M]//日本第四纪学会.第四纪试料分析法:2.东京:东京大学出版会,1993:109-118.Yokoyama T.Mensuration of Electric Conductivity[M]//Japan Association for Quaternary Researched.A Handbook of Quaternary Research:2.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1993:109-118.
[13]Berner R A.Sedimentary Pyrite Formation[J].Amer Jour Sci,1970,268:1-23.
[14]中井信之,太田友子,藤沢寛,等.堆積物コアの炭素同位体比,C/N比およびFeS2含有量からみた名古屋港周辺の古気候,古海水準変動[J].第四纪研究,1982,21(3):169-177.Nakai N,Ohta T,Fujisawa H,et al.Paleoclimatic and Sea-Level Changes Deduced from Organic Carbon Isotope Ratios,C/N Ratios and Pyrite Contents of Cored Sediments from Nagoya Harbor,Japan[J].The Quaternary Research,1982,21(3):169-177.
[15]李世瑜.古代渤海湾西部海岸遗迹及地下文物的初步调查研究[J].考古,1962,11(12):652-657.Li Shiyu.Preliminary Study on Relics of Coast and Culture in the West Coast of Bohai Bay[J].Acta Archaeology Sinica,1962,11(12):652-657.
[16]赵希涛,张景文,焦文强,等.渤海湾西岸的贝壳堤[J].科学通报,1980,25(6):279-281.Zhao Xitao,Zhang Jingwen,Jiao Wenqiang,et al.Chenier Ridge on the West Coast of Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1980,25(6):279-281.
[17]苏盛伟.渤海湾西岸全新世贝壳堤古环境重建[D].长春:吉林大学,2012:1-79.Su Shengwei.Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Holocene Cheniers in West Coast of Bohai Bay[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012:1-79.
[18]Reimer P J,Bard E,Bayliss A,et al.IntCal13and MARINE13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0-50 000 Years cal.B.P.[J].Radiocarbon,2013,55(4):1869-1887.
[19]Stuiver M,Braziunas T.Modelling Atmospheric 14 C Influences and 14 C Ages of Marine Samples to 10 000BC[J].Radiocarbon,1993,35:137-189.
[20]Kellogg W W,Cadle R D,Allen E R,el al.The Sulfur Cycle[J].Science,1972,175:587-596.
[21]Goldman C R,Horne A J.Limnology[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1983:464.
[22]方晶,杨永强,马宏伟,等.辽东半岛大孤山古溺谷平原沉积环境的复原:基于岩心黏土混浊水电导率和pH值以及硅藻组合[J].海洋学报,2012,34(6):133-141.Fang Jing,Yang Yongqiang,Ma Hongwei,et al.Edimentary Environmental Analysis Based on Electric Conductivity and pH of Stirred Clayed Drilling Cores in Water and Diatom Recovered from the of Old Drowned Valley Plain in the Dagu Mountain,Liaodong Peninsula in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(6):133-141.