植被重建下排土场扰动及小流域自然土体土壤有机碳储量比较
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摘要
比较黄土丘陵沟壑区排土场扰动土体和小流域自然土体植被重建下土壤剖面有机碳(SOC)储量的差异,有助于了解区域SOC源汇效应的变化机理;同时,可从土壤碳储量增减的角度为该区域露天矿区土壤修复措施的选择提供一定的参考依据。在黄土丘陵沟壑区,选取内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场和五分地沟典型治理小流域,研究了排土场平台与小流域梁峁顶SOC含量的差异、排土场边坡与小流域坡地的SOC储量差异及其影响因素。结果表明:植被恢复与重建模式显著影响表层(0~20cm)SOC和全氮(TN)含量(P<0.05),20cm及以下随土层加深,影响越来越小。1m土层深度的土壤碳(氮)密度及储量表现为经治理的小流域坡地大于排土场边坡,且差异显著,草地模式显著大于林地模式(P<0.05)。1m土层SOC储量与凋落物生物量呈正相关关系(y=alnx+y0,R~2=0.43~0.83),与凋落物含碳量也呈正相关关系(y=ax+b,R~2=0.48~0.78),且草地SOC储量随凋落物生物量和含碳量增加而增大的速率也较林地大。植被重建15年后,排土场边坡林地、草地的SOC储量仍未达到治理小流域坡地的水平。若要通过植被恢复与重建达到此水平,每公顷排土场林地和草地1m土深SOC储量分别需要增加13.64t和11.15t;若每年SOC储量增长匀速,排土场林地和草地SOC储量分别需要25年、21年才能达到目前小流域坡地的水平。
Studying the differences in the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage between the disturbed soil of the mine dump and the natural soil of the small watershed under revegetation enables us to better understand the changing mechanism of carbon source and carbon sink in loess hilly and gully region.At the same time,it can provide some reference for the selection of soil remediationmeasures in the opencast mining area from the perspective of soil carbon storage.The Heidaigou opencast coal mine dump and the Wufendigou small watershed were selected to study the difference of SOC content between the dump platform and the small watershed Liang-maoding and the difference of carbon storage between the dump slope and the small watershed slope land in Zhungeerqi county,Inner Mongolia,as well as the influencing factors.The results are as follows:(1)Revegetation patterns significantly affected the surface(0~20 cm)SOC and total nitrogen(TN)contents(P<0.05),while in the SOC and TN contents in the soil layers below20 cm,a similar trend could be found,but differing with decreasing soil depth.(2)The SOC(TN)density and storage of the small watershed slope was larger than that of the dump slope in 1 msoil layers,and the difference was significant,and the grassland pattern was much larger than that of the woodland pattern(P<0.05).(3)There was a positive correlation between SOC storage and litter biomass(y=alnx+y0,R~2=0.43~0.83),and there was also a positive correlation with carbon content of litter(y=ax+b,R~2=0.48~0.78).The increase rate of the grassland SOC storage with the increase of litter biomass and carbon content was larger than the woodland pattern.(4)After 15 years of revegetation,the SOC storage of the woodland and the grassland in dump slope had not reached the level of the small watershed slope land.To reach the SOC storage of the small watershed,1 hm2 dump slope in 1 mdepth woodland and grassland has to increase13.64 tand 11.15 tSOC respectively;if the SOC storage growing at an even rate each year,it takes 25 years and 21 years for the grassland and woodland of the dump slope to reach the current SOC storage level of the small watershed slope respectively.
Studying the differences in the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage between the disturbed soil of the mine dump and the natural soil of the small watershed under revegetation enables us to better understand the changing mechanism of carbon source and carbon sink in loess hilly and gully region.At the same time,it can provide some reference for the selection of soil remediationmeasures in the opencast mining area from the perspective of soil carbon storage.The Heidaigou opencast coal mine dump and the Wufendigou small watershed were selected to study the difference of SOC content between the dump platform and the small watershed Liang-maoding and the difference of carbon storage between the dump slope and the small watershed slope land in Zhungeerqi county,Inner Mongolia,as well as the influencing factors.The results are as follows:(1)Revegetation patterns significantly affected the surface(0~20 cm)SOC and total nitrogen(TN)contents(P<0.05),while in the SOC and TN contents in the soil layers below20 cm,a similar trend could be found,but differing with decreasing soil depth.(2)The SOC(TN)density and storage of the small watershed slope was larger than that of the dump slope in 1 msoil layers,and the difference was significant,and the grassland pattern was much larger than that of the woodland pattern(P<0.05).(3)There was a positive correlation between SOC storage and litter biomass(y=alnx+y0,R~2=0.43~0.83),and there was also a positive correlation with carbon content of litter(y=ax+b,R~2=0.48~0.78).The increase rate of the grassland SOC storage with the increase of litter biomass and carbon content was larger than the woodland pattern.(4)After 15 years of revegetation,the SOC storage of the woodland and the grassland in dump slope had not reached the level of the small watershed slope land.To reach the SOC storage of the small watershed,1 hm2 dump slope in 1 mdepth woodland and grassland has to increase13.64 tand 11.15 tSOC respectively;if the SOC storage growing at an even rate each year,it takes 25 years and 21 years for the grassland and woodland of the dump slope to reach the current SOC storage level of the small watershed slope respectively.
引文
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[14]郭忠升.水资源紧缺地区土壤水分植被承载力论述[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):140-144.
[15]Jobbágy E G,Jackson R B.The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):4223-4436.
[16]单长卷,梁宗锁.黄土高原刺槐人工林根系分布与土壤水分的关系[J].中南林学院学报,2006,26(1):19-21,40.
[17]成向荣,黄明斌,邵明安,等.紫花苜蓿和短花针茅根系分布与土壤水分研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(2):170-175.
[2]Canadell J G.Land use effects on terrestrial carbon sources and sinks[J].Science in China(Series C),2002,45:1-9.
[3]Smith P,Martino D,Cai Z C.Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,2008,363:789-813.
[4]Lal R.Offsetting China's CO2emissions by soil carbonsequestration[J].Climatic Change,2004,65:263-275.
[5]王清奎,汪思龙,于小军,等.杉木与阔叶树叶凋落物混合分解对土壤活性有机质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1203-1207.
[6]Quinkenstein A,Freese D,B9hm C,et al.Agroforestry for Mine-Land Reclamation in Germany:Capitalizing on Carbon Sequestration and Bioenergy Production[J].Agroforestry-The Future of Global Land Use,2012,9:313-339.
[7]Sauer T J,Cambardella C A,Brandle J R.Soil carbon and tree litter dynamics in a red cedar-scotch pine shelterbelt[J].Agroforestry Systems,2007,71(3):163-174.
[8]郭胜利,马玉红,车升国,等.黄土区人工与天然植被对凋落物量和土壤有机碳变化的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(10):14-18.
[9]Ussiri D A N,Lal R.Carbon Sequestration in Reclaimed Minesoils[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2005,24(3):151-165.
[10]李俊超,郭胜利,党廷辉,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕方式土壤有机碳密度的差异及其空间变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(6):1167-1173.
[11]吴建国,张小全,徐德应.土地利用变化对土壤有机碳贮量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):593-599.
[12]张彦军,郭胜利,南雅芳,等.水土流失治理措施对小流域土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5777-5785.
[13]孙文义,郭胜利,周小刚.黄土丘陵沟壑区地形和土地利用对深层土壤有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2740-2747.
[14]郭忠升.水资源紧缺地区土壤水分植被承载力论述[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):140-144.
[15]Jobbágy E G,Jackson R B.The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):4223-4436.
[16]单长卷,梁宗锁.黄土高原刺槐人工林根系分布与土壤水分的关系[J].中南林学院学报,2006,26(1):19-21,40.
[17]成向荣,黄明斌,邵明安,等.紫花苜蓿和短花针茅根系分布与土壤水分研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(2):170-175.