社会经济地位与儿童同伴侵害:母亲教养与学业成就的链式中介作用
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摘要
探讨同伴侵害的影响因素及其发生机制,对于制定同伴侵害的预防和干预方案具有重要的价值。以1179名儿童为被试,考察家庭社会经济地位与同伴侵害的关系及其机制,结果表明:同伴侵害的发生率为38%～60%,女生关系侵害的发生率高于男生;高家庭社会经济地位增加了母亲的权威教养,权威教养既直接减少同伴侵害,又通过提高学业成就间接减少侵害;另外,高家庭社会经济地位也可直接提高个体的学业成就,进而减少同伴侵害。为此,学校和教师应重点关注学业成就较低的个体,预防同伴侵害;培养学生的社会交往技能,减少同伴侵害;开展家长心育课堂,科学指导教养行为。
Taking 1179 children as subjects,the relationship between family socioeconomic status and peer victimization and its mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the incidence of peer victimization was between 38%～60%,and the incidence of female relationship victimization was higher than that of boys;high family socioeconomic status increases maternal authoritative parenting,the authoritative parenting not only directly reduces the peer victimization,but also reduces the victimization indirectly by improving the academic achievement;in addition,the high family socioeconomic status can directly improve the individual's academic achievement,thereby reducing peer victimization. To this end,schools and teachers should focus on students with lower academic achievement,prevent peer victimization;develop students' social interaction skills to reduce peer victimization;conduct parental education classes and scientifically guide parenting behaviors.
Taking 1179 children as subjects,the relationship between family socioeconomic status and peer victimization and its mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the incidence of peer victimization was between 38%～60%,and the incidence of female relationship victimization was higher than that of boys;high family socioeconomic status increases maternal authoritative parenting,the authoritative parenting not only directly reduces the peer victimization,but also reduces the victimization indirectly by improving the academic achievement;in addition,the high family socioeconomic status can directly improve the individual's academic achievement,thereby reducing peer victimization. To this end,schools and teachers should focus on students with lower academic achievement,prevent peer victimization;develop students' social interaction skills to reduce peer victimization;conduct parental education classes and scientifically guide parenting behaviors.
引文
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[2]Mynard H,&Joseph S. Development of the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale[J]. Aggressive Behavior,2000(26):169-178.
[3]Craig W,Harel-Fisch Y,Fogel-Grinvald H,et al. A Cross-National Profile of Bullying and Victimization among Adolescents in 40 Countries[J]. International Journal of Public Health,2009,54(2):216-224.
[4]Fleming L C,&Jacobsen,K H. Bullying among Middle-School Students in Low and Middle-Income Countries[J].Health Promotion International,2009,25(1):73-84.
[5]张文新,陈亮,纪林芹,等.童年中期身体侵害、关系侵害与儿童的情绪适应[J].心理学报,2009(41):433-443.
[6]Joseph S&Stockton H. The Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale:a Systematic Review[J]. Aggression&Violent Behavior,2018(42):96-114.
[7]Rigby K. Peer Victimization at School and the Health of Secondary School Students[J]. British Journal of Educational Psychology,1999(69):95-104.
[8]Vaillancourt T,Duku E,Decatanzaro D,et al. Variation in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity among Bullied and Non-Bullied Children[J].Aggressive Behavior,2008(34):294-305.
[9]Hawker D S J&Boulton M J. Twenty Years’Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment:a MetaAnalytic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2000(41):441-455.
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[11]Van Geel M,Vedder P,&Tanilon J. Relationship between Peer Victimization,Cyberbullying,and Suicide in Children and Adolescents:a Meta-Analysis[J]. JAMA Pediatrics,2014(168):435-442.
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[13]Nakamoto J,Schwartz D. Is Peer Victimization Associated with Academic Achievement? a Meta-Analytic Review[J].Social Development,2010(19):221-242.
[14]Wolke D,Lereya S T,Fisher H L,et al. Bullying in Elementary School and Psychotic Experiences at 18 Years:a Longitudinal,Population-Based Cohort Study[J].Psychological Medicine,2014(44):2199-2211.
[15]Sourander A,Jensen P,Ronning J A,et al. What is the Early Adulthood Outcome of Boys Who Bully or Are Bullied in Childhood? The Finnish “From a Boy to a Man”Study[J].Pediatrics,2007(120):397-404.
[16]Bronfenbrenner U. Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development:Research Perspective[J]. Developmental Psychology,1986(22):723-742.
[17]Hong J S,&Espelage D L. A Review of Research on Bullying and Peer Victimization in School:an Ecological System Analysis[J]. Aggression and Violent Behavior,2012(17):311-322.
[18]Due P,Merlo J,Harel-Fisch Y,Damsgaard T,et al.Socioeconomic Inequality in Exposure to Bullying During Adolescence:a Comparative,Cross-Sectional,Multilevel Study in35 Countries[J]. American Journal of Public Health,2009(99):907-914.
[19]Roubinov D S,&Boyce W T. Parenting and SES:Relative Values or Enduring Principles[J]. Current Opinions in Psychology,2017(15):162-167.
[20]Hoffman L W. Methodological Issues in Studies of SES,Parenting,and Child Development[M]. New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.,2003:125-143.
[21]Repetti R L,Taylor S E,Seeman T E. Risky Families:Family Social Environments and the Mental and Physical Health ofOffspring[J].PsychologicalBulletin,2002,128(2):330-366.
[22]Pontzer D. A Theoretical Test of Bullying Behaveor:Parenting,Personality,and the Bully/Victim relationship[J].Journal of Family Violence,2010,25(3):259-273.
[23]Gladstone G L,Parker G B,&Malhi G S. Do Bullied Children Become Anxious and Depressed Adults?a Cross-Sectional Investing of the Correlates of Bullying and Anxious Depression[J].Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,2006,194(3):201-208.
[24]Nansel T R,Overpeck M,Pilla R S,Ruan W J,Simons-Morton B,&Scheidt P.Bullying Behaviors among US Youth:Prevalence and Association with Psychosocial Adjustment[J]. Journal of the American Medical Association,2001(285):2094-2100.
[25]Weis M,Trommsdorff G,&Mun軌oz L. Children’s Self-Regulation and School Achievement in Cultural Contexts:the Role of Maternal Restrictive Control[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2016(7):722.
[26]Tang S,&Davis-Kean P E. The Association of Punitive Parenting Practices and Adolescent Achievement[J]. Journal of Family Psychology,2015,29(6):873-883.
[27]陈圆圆,张卫,朱键军,等.同伴侵害对青少年问题性网络游戏使用的影响:一个有调节的中介模型[J].心理发展与教育,2016,32(6):733-744.
[28]Veenstra R,Lindenberg S,Oldehinkel,et al. Temperament,Environment,and Antisocial Behavior in a Population Sample of Preadolescent Boys and Girls[J].International Journal of Behavioral Development,2006,30(5):422-432.
[29]Zhu J,Yu C,Zhang W,et al. Peer Victimization,Deviant Peer Affiliation and Impulsivity:Predicting Adolescent Problem Behaviors[J]. Child Abuse and Neglect,2016(58):39-50.
[30]Robinson C C,Mandleco B,Olsen S F,et al. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire(PSDQ)[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2001.
[31]文超,张卫,李董平,等.初中生感恩与学业成就的关系:学习投入的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2010(6):598-605.
[32]Podsakoff P M,Mackenzie S B,Lee J Y,et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:a Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903.
[33]Hoyle R H. Handbook of Structural Equation modeling[M].New York:Guilford Press,2012.
[34]Kline,R. B. Principals and Practices of Structural Equation Modeling[M].New York:Guilford,2011.
[35]Paul J,&Cillessen A H. Dynamics of Peer Victimization in Early Adolescence:Results from a Four-Year Longitudinal Study[J].Journal of Applied School Psychology,2003(19):25-43.
[36]Glover D,Gough G,Johnson M,et al. Bullying in 25Secondary Schools:Incidence,Impact and Intervention[J]. Educational Research,2000(42):141-156.
[37]Rigby K. Effects of Peer Victimization in Schools and Perceived Social Support on Adolescent Well-Being[J]. Journal of Adolescence,2000(23):57-68.
[38]Smith P K,&Shu S. What Good Schools Can Do about Bullying:Findings from a Survey in English Schools after a Decade of Research and Action[J]. Childhood,2000(7):193-212.
[39]Mcvean M. Physical,Verbal,Relational and CyberBullying and Victimization:Examining the Social and Emotional Adjustment of Participants[D]. Graduate Dissertation of University of South Florida,2017.
[40]Orpinas P,McNicholas C,&Nahapetyan L. Gender Difference in Trajectories of Relational Aggression Perpetration and Victimization from Middle to High School[J]. Aggressive Behavior,2014(99):1-12.
[41]Frey C U,&Rothlisberger C. Social Support in Healthy Adolescents[J]. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1996(25):17-31.
[42]Brendgen M,Girard A,Vitaro F,et al. Personal and Familial Predictors of Peer Victimization Trajectories from Primary to Secondary School[J]. Developmental Psychology,2016,52(7):1103-1114.
[43]Nickerson A B,Mele D,&Osborne-Oliver K M.Parent-Child Relationships and Bullying[M]. New York,NY:Routledge/Taylor&Francis Group,2010:187-197.
[44]Chen X,Huang X,Chang L,et al.Aggression,Social Competence,and Academic Achievement in Chinese Children:a 5-Year Longitudinal Study[J]. Development and Psychopathology,2010(22):583-592.
[45]Moilanen K L,Shaw D S,&Maxwell K L. Developmental Cascades:Externalizing,Internalizing,and Academic Competence from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence[J].Development and Psychopathology,2010,22(3):635-653.
[46]Vaillancourt T,Brittain H L,McDougall P,et al.Longitudinal Links between Childhood Peer Vicitimization,Internalizing and Externalizing Problems,and Academic Functioning:Developmental Cascades[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2013,41(8):1203-1215.
[47]李腾飞.青少年早期同伴侵害与学习成绩、问题行为的关系:朋友数量的调节作用[D].济南:山东师范大学,2017.
[48]McNeilly-Choque M K,Hart C H,Robinson C,et al.Overt and Relational Aggression on the Playground:Correspondence among Different Informants[J].Journal of Research in Childhood Education,1996,11(1):47-67.
[49]曾玉.社会行为、学业成就与青少年的同伴侵害:同伴关系的中介与调节效应[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.
[2]Mynard H,&Joseph S. Development of the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale[J]. Aggressive Behavior,2000(26):169-178.
[3]Craig W,Harel-Fisch Y,Fogel-Grinvald H,et al. A Cross-National Profile of Bullying and Victimization among Adolescents in 40 Countries[J]. International Journal of Public Health,2009,54(2):216-224.
[4]Fleming L C,&Jacobsen,K H. Bullying among Middle-School Students in Low and Middle-Income Countries[J].Health Promotion International,2009,25(1):73-84.
[5]张文新,陈亮,纪林芹,等.童年中期身体侵害、关系侵害与儿童的情绪适应[J].心理学报,2009(41):433-443.
[6]Joseph S&Stockton H. The Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale:a Systematic Review[J]. Aggression&Violent Behavior,2018(42):96-114.
[7]Rigby K. Peer Victimization at School and the Health of Secondary School Students[J]. British Journal of Educational Psychology,1999(69):95-104.
[8]Vaillancourt T,Duku E,Decatanzaro D,et al. Variation in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity among Bullied and Non-Bullied Children[J].Aggressive Behavior,2008(34):294-305.
[9]Hawker D S J&Boulton M J. Twenty Years’Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment:a MetaAnalytic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2000(41):441-455.
[10]Reijntjes A,Kamphuis J H,Prinzie P,et al. Prospective Linkages between Peer Victimization and Externalizing Problems in Children:a Meta-Analysis[J]. Aggressive Behavior,2011(37):215-222.
[11]Van Geel M,Vedder P,&Tanilon J. Relationship between Peer Victimization,Cyberbullying,and Suicide in Children and Adolescents:a Meta-Analysis[J]. JAMA Pediatrics,2014(168):435-442.
[12]Van Geel M,Goemans A,&Vedder P. The Relation between Peer Victimization and Sleeping problems:a MetaAnalysis[J]. Sleep Medicine Reviews,2016(27):89-95.
[13]Nakamoto J,Schwartz D. Is Peer Victimization Associated with Academic Achievement? a Meta-Analytic Review[J].Social Development,2010(19):221-242.
[14]Wolke D,Lereya S T,Fisher H L,et al. Bullying in Elementary School and Psychotic Experiences at 18 Years:a Longitudinal,Population-Based Cohort Study[J].Psychological Medicine,2014(44):2199-2211.
[15]Sourander A,Jensen P,Ronning J A,et al. What is the Early Adulthood Outcome of Boys Who Bully or Are Bullied in Childhood? The Finnish “From a Boy to a Man”Study[J].Pediatrics,2007(120):397-404.
[16]Bronfenbrenner U. Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development:Research Perspective[J]. Developmental Psychology,1986(22):723-742.
[17]Hong J S,&Espelage D L. A Review of Research on Bullying and Peer Victimization in School:an Ecological System Analysis[J]. Aggression and Violent Behavior,2012(17):311-322.
[18]Due P,Merlo J,Harel-Fisch Y,Damsgaard T,et al.Socioeconomic Inequality in Exposure to Bullying During Adolescence:a Comparative,Cross-Sectional,Multilevel Study in35 Countries[J]. American Journal of Public Health,2009(99):907-914.
[19]Roubinov D S,&Boyce W T. Parenting and SES:Relative Values or Enduring Principles[J]. Current Opinions in Psychology,2017(15):162-167.
[20]Hoffman L W. Methodological Issues in Studies of SES,Parenting,and Child Development[M]. New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.,2003:125-143.
[21]Repetti R L,Taylor S E,Seeman T E. Risky Families:Family Social Environments and the Mental and Physical Health ofOffspring[J].PsychologicalBulletin,2002,128(2):330-366.
[22]Pontzer D. A Theoretical Test of Bullying Behaveor:Parenting,Personality,and the Bully/Victim relationship[J].Journal of Family Violence,2010,25(3):259-273.
[23]Gladstone G L,Parker G B,&Malhi G S. Do Bullied Children Become Anxious and Depressed Adults?a Cross-Sectional Investing of the Correlates of Bullying and Anxious Depression[J].Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,2006,194(3):201-208.
[24]Nansel T R,Overpeck M,Pilla R S,Ruan W J,Simons-Morton B,&Scheidt P.Bullying Behaviors among US Youth:Prevalence and Association with Psychosocial Adjustment[J]. Journal of the American Medical Association,2001(285):2094-2100.
[25]Weis M,Trommsdorff G,&Mun軌oz L. Children’s Self-Regulation and School Achievement in Cultural Contexts:the Role of Maternal Restrictive Control[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2016(7):722.
[26]Tang S,&Davis-Kean P E. The Association of Punitive Parenting Practices and Adolescent Achievement[J]. Journal of Family Psychology,2015,29(6):873-883.
[27]陈圆圆,张卫,朱键军,等.同伴侵害对青少年问题性网络游戏使用的影响:一个有调节的中介模型[J].心理发展与教育,2016,32(6):733-744.
[28]Veenstra R,Lindenberg S,Oldehinkel,et al. Temperament,Environment,and Antisocial Behavior in a Population Sample of Preadolescent Boys and Girls[J].International Journal of Behavioral Development,2006,30(5):422-432.
[29]Zhu J,Yu C,Zhang W,et al. Peer Victimization,Deviant Peer Affiliation and Impulsivity:Predicting Adolescent Problem Behaviors[J]. Child Abuse and Neglect,2016(58):39-50.
[30]Robinson C C,Mandleco B,Olsen S F,et al. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire(PSDQ)[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2001.
[31]文超,张卫,李董平,等.初中生感恩与学业成就的关系:学习投入的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2010(6):598-605.
[32]Podsakoff P M,Mackenzie S B,Lee J Y,et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:a Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903.
[33]Hoyle R H. Handbook of Structural Equation modeling[M].New York:Guilford Press,2012.
[34]Kline,R. B. Principals and Practices of Structural Equation Modeling[M].New York:Guilford,2011.
[35]Paul J,&Cillessen A H. Dynamics of Peer Victimization in Early Adolescence:Results from a Four-Year Longitudinal Study[J].Journal of Applied School Psychology,2003(19):25-43.
[36]Glover D,Gough G,Johnson M,et al. Bullying in 25Secondary Schools:Incidence,Impact and Intervention[J]. Educational Research,2000(42):141-156.
[37]Rigby K. Effects of Peer Victimization in Schools and Perceived Social Support on Adolescent Well-Being[J]. Journal of Adolescence,2000(23):57-68.
[38]Smith P K,&Shu S. What Good Schools Can Do about Bullying:Findings from a Survey in English Schools after a Decade of Research and Action[J]. Childhood,2000(7):193-212.
[39]Mcvean M. Physical,Verbal,Relational and CyberBullying and Victimization:Examining the Social and Emotional Adjustment of Participants[D]. Graduate Dissertation of University of South Florida,2017.
[40]Orpinas P,McNicholas C,&Nahapetyan L. Gender Difference in Trajectories of Relational Aggression Perpetration and Victimization from Middle to High School[J]. Aggressive Behavior,2014(99):1-12.
[41]Frey C U,&Rothlisberger C. Social Support in Healthy Adolescents[J]. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1996(25):17-31.
[42]Brendgen M,Girard A,Vitaro F,et al. Personal and Familial Predictors of Peer Victimization Trajectories from Primary to Secondary School[J]. Developmental Psychology,2016,52(7):1103-1114.
[43]Nickerson A B,Mele D,&Osborne-Oliver K M.Parent-Child Relationships and Bullying[M]. New York,NY:Routledge/Taylor&Francis Group,2010:187-197.
[44]Chen X,Huang X,Chang L,et al.Aggression,Social Competence,and Academic Achievement in Chinese Children:a 5-Year Longitudinal Study[J]. Development and Psychopathology,2010(22):583-592.
[45]Moilanen K L,Shaw D S,&Maxwell K L. Developmental Cascades:Externalizing,Internalizing,and Academic Competence from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence[J].Development and Psychopathology,2010,22(3):635-653.
[46]Vaillancourt T,Brittain H L,McDougall P,et al.Longitudinal Links between Childhood Peer Vicitimization,Internalizing and Externalizing Problems,and Academic Functioning:Developmental Cascades[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2013,41(8):1203-1215.
[47]李腾飞.青少年早期同伴侵害与学习成绩、问题行为的关系:朋友数量的调节作用[D].济南:山东师范大学,2017.
[48]McNeilly-Choque M K,Hart C H,Robinson C,et al.Overt and Relational Aggression on the Playground:Correspondence among Different Informants[J].Journal of Research in Childhood Education,1996,11(1):47-67.
[49]曾玉.社会行为、学业成就与青少年的同伴侵害:同伴关系的中介与调节效应[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.