岩爆柔性防护网及其动力特性分析
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摘要
参照边坡落石防护网的特点,提出并开发一套运用于隧道岩爆灾害防护的柔性防护网系统,并对其动力学特性以及构件的安全性能进行研究。首先,根据隧道岩爆调查和现场测试的结果,建立岩爆弹射的数值分析模型,并获得不同初始应力条件下岩爆石块的弹射速度。然后依据米仓山隧道的岩爆特征,构建出岩爆防护网设计原型,并建立起数值分析模型。通过设置不同尺寸、不同速度的冲击工况,对石块冲击防护网的动力过程进行数值计算,并得到其非线性动力响应结果。最后,通过对比防护网构件的数值计算结果与材料试验的结果,对岩爆柔性防护网的安全性能进行评价。研究结果表明:(1)岩爆石块的弹射速度随着初始应力的增加而增加;(2)钢丝绳网是防护网的主要吸能构件;(3)钢丝绳网和锚杆是防护网的主要承载力构件;(4)柔性防护网系统可以有效拦截轻微岩爆或中等程度岩爆所产生的弹射石块。
According to the characteristics of rockfall protective nets,a set of flexible protective net system was proposed and developed for tunnel rockburst prevention,and the dynamic characteristics of the system and the performance of the components were studied. Based on rockburst investigations and field test results,a numerical analysis model of ejection rockbursts was established,and the ejection velocities of rocks under different initial stress conditions were obtained. According to the characteristics of rockbursts in Micangshan tunnel,the design prototype of the rockburst protective net was constructed and the numerical analysis model was established. The process of rock impacting the protective net was calculated numerically with different sizes and velocities,and the nonlinear dynamic responses were obtained. Comparisons between the results of numerical calculation and material test of protective net components were performed and the safety performance of the rockburst flexible protective net was evaluated. The research results show that the ejection velocity of rocks increases with increasing the initial stress,that the wire rope net is the main energy absorbing component of the protective system and that the wire rope net and bolts are the main bearing capacity components of the protective system. The flexible protective net system can effectively withstand the ejection rocks resulted from slight or moderate rockburst.
According to the characteristics of rockfall protective nets,a set of flexible protective net system was proposed and developed for tunnel rockburst prevention,and the dynamic characteristics of the system and the performance of the components were studied. Based on rockburst investigations and field test results,a numerical analysis model of ejection rockbursts was established,and the ejection velocities of rocks under different initial stress conditions were obtained. According to the characteristics of rockbursts in Micangshan tunnel,the design prototype of the rockburst protective net was constructed and the numerical analysis model was established. The process of rock impacting the protective net was calculated numerically with different sizes and velocities,and the nonlinear dynamic responses were obtained. Comparisons between the results of numerical calculation and material test of protective net components were performed and the safety performance of the rockburst flexible protective net was evaluated. The research results show that the ejection velocity of rocks increases with increasing the initial stress,that the wire rope net is the main energy absorbing component of the protective system and that the wire rope net and bolts are the main bearing capacity components of the protective system. The flexible protective net system can effectively withstand the ejection rocks resulted from slight or moderate rockburst.
引文
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[16]宫伟力,汪虎,何满潮,等.深部开采中岩爆岩块弹射速度的理论与实验[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2 269-2 278.(GONG Weili,WANG Hu,HE Manchao,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on rock block ejection velocity for rock burst found in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2 269-2 278.(in Chinese))
[17]刘再华,解底,王元汉,等.工程断裂动力学[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996:15-19.(LIU Zaihua,XIE Di,WANGYuanhan,et al.Engineering fracture dynamics[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1996:15-19.(in Chinese))
[18]MOTT N F.Fracture of metals:theoretical considerations[J].Engineering,1948,165:16-18.
[19]刘庆芬.断裂力学及其工程运用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1997:10-17.(LIU Qingfen.Fracture mechanics and its engineering application[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University press,1997:10-17.(in Chinese))
[20]徐则民,吴培关,王苏达,等.岩爆过程释放的能量分析[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(3):104-110.(XU Zemin,WU Peiguang,WANGSuda,et al.Analysis of energy released in process of rock-burst[J].Journal of natural disasters,2003,12(3):104-110.(in Chinese))
[21]切列帕诺夫ΓΠ.脆性断裂力学[M].黄克智,潘金生,徐秉业,等译.北京:科学出版社,1990:5-20.(ЧЕРЕПАНОВΓΠ.Mechanical vibration[M].Translated by HUANG Kezhi,PAN Jinsheng,XU Bingye,et al.Beijing:Science Press,1990:5-20.(in Chinese))
[22]陶振宇.若干电站地下工程建设中的岩爆问题[J].水力发电,1988,(7):42-47.(TAO Zhenyu.Several rockburst problems of power stations in underground construction[J].Water Power,1988,(7):42-47.(in Chinese))
[23]王志成.开挖卸荷与扰动荷载作用下岩爆弹射破坏的离散元模拟[硕士学位论文][D].南宁:广西大学,2013.(WANG Zhicheng.Distinct element simulation for ejection of rockburst under conditions of excavation unloading and dynamic disturbance[M.S.Thesis][D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2013.(in Chinese))
[24]陈滔,黎立云,邓建辉,等.岩爆问题中岩块弹射速度的数值计算与实验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2014,46(增1):26-31.(CHEN Tao,LI Liyun,DENG Jianhui.Numerical simulation and experimental research on rock ejection velocity in rockburst[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2014,46(Supp.1):26-31.(in Chinese))
[25]李天斌,曾鹏,唐杰灵,等.巴陕高速公路米仓山隧道岩爆柔性防护网系统专题技术论证[R].成都:成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,2016.(LI Tianbin,ZEN Peng,TANG Jieling,et al.Subject technical demonstration of rockburst flexible protective net system in Micang Mountain tunnel of Bashan Highway[R].Chengdu:State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese))
[2]徐林生.二郎山公路隧道岩爆特征与防治措施的研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,(1):61-64.(XU linsheng.Research of rockburst character and prevention measure in erlang mountain highway tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,(1):61-64.(in Chinese))
[3]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏,等.基于瞬态卸荷动力效应控制的岩爆防治方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(1):68-75.(YANGJianhua,LU Wenbo,YAN Peng,et al.Prevention method for rock bursts based on control of dynamic effects caused by transient release of in situ stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(1):68-75.(in Chinese))
[4]汪洋,王继敏,尹健民,等.基于快速应力释放的深埋隧洞岩爆防治对策研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):547-553.(WANG Yang,WANG Jimin,YI Jianmin,et al.Research on prevention measures of rock burst based on rapid stress release in deep tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):547-553.(in Chinese))
[5]马春驰.深埋隧道围岩脆性破裂的微震监测及岩爆解译与预警研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2017.(MA Chunchi.Microseismic monitoring of brittle fracturing of surrounding rock in deep-buried tunnel and study on interpretation and early-warning of rockburst[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[6]European Organization for Technical Approvals.ETAG27-2013Guideline for European technical approval of falling rock protection kits[S].Brussels:European Organization for Technical Approvals,2013.
[7]MENTANI A,GOVONI L,GIACOMINI A,et al.An equivalent continuum approach to efficiently model the response of steel wire meshes to rockfall impacts[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(9):2 825-2 838.
[8]TOE D,MENTANI A,GOVONI L,et al.Introducing meta-models for a more efficient hazard mitigation strategy with rockfall protection barriers[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(4):1 097-1 109.
[9]CAZZANI A,MONGIOVìL,FRENEZ T.Dynamic finite element analysis of interceptive devices for falling rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(3):303-321.
[10]SPADARI M,GIACOMINI A,BUZZI O,et al.Prediction of the bullet effect for rockfall barriers:a scaling approach[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(10):131-144.
[11]BERTRAND D,TRAD A,LIMAM A,et al.Full-scale dynamic analysis of an innovative rockfall fence under impact using the discrete element method:from the local scale to the structure scale[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45:885-900.
[12]陈绪文,黄磊,邹逸伦.岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术[J].隧道建设,2018,38(7):1 212-1 219.(CHEN Xuwen,HUANG Lei,ZHOU Yilun,et al.Rapid construction technology of flexible support for rockburst tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(7):1 212-1 219.(in Chinese))
[13]徐晨.深埋硬岩隧道开挖稳定性及柔性防护网快速施工工法研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.(XU Chen.Study on excavation stability of deep hard rock tunnel and the safety netting system rapid construction method[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese))
[14]王兰生,李天斌,徐进,等.二郎山公路隧道岩爆及岩爆烈度分级[J].公路,1999,(2):41-45.(WANG Lansheng,LI Tianbin,XU Jin,et al.Classification of rockburst’s intensity and rockburst in Erlang Mountain Highway Tunnel[J].High Way,1999,(2):41-45.(in Chinese))
[15]谭以安.岩爆形成机理研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1989,(1):34-38.(TAN Yian.The mechanism research of rockburst[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1989,(1):34-38.(in Chinese))
[16]宫伟力,汪虎,何满潮,等.深部开采中岩爆岩块弹射速度的理论与实验[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2 269-2 278.(GONG Weili,WANG Hu,HE Manchao,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on rock block ejection velocity for rock burst found in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2 269-2 278.(in Chinese))
[17]刘再华,解底,王元汉,等.工程断裂动力学[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996:15-19.(LIU Zaihua,XIE Di,WANGYuanhan,et al.Engineering fracture dynamics[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1996:15-19.(in Chinese))
[18]MOTT N F.Fracture of metals:theoretical considerations[J].Engineering,1948,165:16-18.
[19]刘庆芬.断裂力学及其工程运用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1997:10-17.(LIU Qingfen.Fracture mechanics and its engineering application[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University press,1997:10-17.(in Chinese))
[20]徐则民,吴培关,王苏达,等.岩爆过程释放的能量分析[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(3):104-110.(XU Zemin,WU Peiguang,WANGSuda,et al.Analysis of energy released in process of rock-burst[J].Journal of natural disasters,2003,12(3):104-110.(in Chinese))
[21]切列帕诺夫ΓΠ.脆性断裂力学[M].黄克智,潘金生,徐秉业,等译.北京:科学出版社,1990:5-20.(ЧЕРЕПАНОВΓΠ.Mechanical vibration[M].Translated by HUANG Kezhi,PAN Jinsheng,XU Bingye,et al.Beijing:Science Press,1990:5-20.(in Chinese))
[22]陶振宇.若干电站地下工程建设中的岩爆问题[J].水力发电,1988,(7):42-47.(TAO Zhenyu.Several rockburst problems of power stations in underground construction[J].Water Power,1988,(7):42-47.(in Chinese))
[23]王志成.开挖卸荷与扰动荷载作用下岩爆弹射破坏的离散元模拟[硕士学位论文][D].南宁:广西大学,2013.(WANG Zhicheng.Distinct element simulation for ejection of rockburst under conditions of excavation unloading and dynamic disturbance[M.S.Thesis][D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2013.(in Chinese))
[24]陈滔,黎立云,邓建辉,等.岩爆问题中岩块弹射速度的数值计算与实验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2014,46(增1):26-31.(CHEN Tao,LI Liyun,DENG Jianhui.Numerical simulation and experimental research on rock ejection velocity in rockburst[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2014,46(Supp.1):26-31.(in Chinese))
[25]李天斌,曾鹏,唐杰灵,等.巴陕高速公路米仓山隧道岩爆柔性防护网系统专题技术论证[R].成都:成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,2016.(LI Tianbin,ZEN Peng,TANG Jieling,et al.Subject technical demonstration of rockburst flexible protective net system in Micang Mountain tunnel of Bashan Highway[R].Chengdu:State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese))