新疆北天山艾其沟泥火山强震前显著喷涌现象及其变化机理分析
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摘要
泥火山形成于特定的水文地质及构造环境,其喷发活动是内部大量气体聚集引起异常高压的一种释放,可以将大量地下信息携带到地表,被称为"天赐钻井"。新疆乌苏艾其沟泥火山实时观测始于2011年8月,自观测以来,在其周围200m范围内,共发生了4次6级以上地震,分别是2011年11月1日新疆尼勒克M_S6.0、2012年6月30日新疆新源M_S6.6、2016年12月8日新疆呼图壁县M_S6.2及2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震。在4次地震前后,艾其沟泥火山喷发活动均出现了"背景值—上升—转折—下降—背景值"的宏观异常变化现象,地震则发生在泥火山喷发活动由强到弱的过程中,尤其是在2017年精河M_S6.6地震时,乌苏艾其沟泥火山的喷发活动异常变化现象为新疆地震局做出震情形势判定提供了一部分依据,具有一定的减灾实效。
Mud volcanoes are formed in specific hydrogeological and tectonic settings. Its eruption activity is a release of abnormal high pressure caused by a large amount of internal gas accumulation,and it can carry a lot of underground information to the surface,so it is known as "Heaven granted well". The real-time observation of the surroundings of the Xinjiang Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano began in August 2011. There have been 4 earthquakes with M_S6.0 ~ 7.0 within 200 m since the observation: they are the November 1,2011 Nilka M_S6.0 earthquake,the June 30,2012 Xinyuan M_S6.6 earthquake,the December 8,2016 Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake and the August 9,2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake. Before and after the 4 earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies of "background value-rise-turn-down-background value"have appeared in the eruption activities of the Aiqigou mud volcano. The earthquakes during the process appeared from the strong to the weak of the mud volcanic eruption,and especially during the 2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake,the abnormal change of the eruption activity of the Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano is one of the basis for the determination of the earthquake situation in Xinjiang. It has played a certain role in predicting effectiveness of disaster reduction.
Mud volcanoes are formed in specific hydrogeological and tectonic settings. Its eruption activity is a release of abnormal high pressure caused by a large amount of internal gas accumulation,and it can carry a lot of underground information to the surface,so it is known as "Heaven granted well". The real-time observation of the surroundings of the Xinjiang Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano began in August 2011. There have been 4 earthquakes with M_S6.0 ~ 7.0 within 200 m since the observation: they are the November 1,2011 Nilka M_S6.0 earthquake,the June 30,2012 Xinyuan M_S6.6 earthquake,the December 8,2016 Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake and the August 9,2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake. Before and after the 4 earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies of "background value-rise-turn-down-background value"have appeared in the eruption activities of the Aiqigou mud volcano. The earthquakes during the process appeared from the strong to the weak of the mud volcanic eruption,and especially during the 2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake,the abnormal change of the eruption activity of the Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano is one of the basis for the determination of the earthquake situation in Xinjiang. It has played a certain role in predicting effectiveness of disaster reduction.
引文
陈志、杜建国、周晓成等,2014,2012年6月30日新源MS6.6地震前后北天山泥火山及温泉的水化学变化,地震,34(3),97~107.
陈志、李营、汪成国等,2015,新疆温泉县泥火山喷发水的化学特征研究,四川地震,(2),12~15.
戴金星、吴小奇、倪云燕等,2012,准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山天然气的地球化学特征,中国科学:地球科学,42(2),178~190.
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,1999,乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制,地学前缘,6(4),191~201.
杜建国、周晓成、陈志等,2013,北天山泥火山对2012年6月30日新源-和静MS6.6地震的响应,地震学报,35(6),876~887.
段海岗、陈开远、史卜庆,2007,南里海盆地泥火山构造及其对油气成藏的影响,石油与天然气地质,28(3),337~344.
樊海龙、彭传凯、余心起等,2017,新疆乌苏泥火山地球化学特征及其泥浆源,地质通报,36(8),1428~1438.
范卫平、郑雷清、龚建华等,2007,泥火山的形成及其与油气的关系,吐哈油气,12(1),43~47.
冯先岳、陈杰、李军等,1993,霍尔果斯活动构造的断裂扩展褶皱作用,内陆地震,7(4),335~343.
高小其、梁卉、王海涛等,2015a,北天山地区泥火山的地球化学成因,地震地质,37(4),1215~1224.
高小其、王海涛、高国英等,2008,霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究,地震地质,30(2),464 ~472.
高小其、王海涛、郑黎明等,2015b,新疆泥火山群地震前兆异常实时监测与预报的研究,震灾防御技术,10(3),587~597.
何家雄、崔洁、翁荣南等,2012,台湾南部泥火山与伴生气地质地球化学特征及其油气地质意义,天然气地球科学,23(2),319 ~326.
何家雄、祝有海、马文宏等,2010,火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系,中国地质,37(6),1720~1732.
李梦、刘冬冬、郭召杰,2013,准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山活动及其伴生油苗的地球化学特征和意义,高校地质学报,19(3),484 ~490.
罗福忠、李军、胡伟华,2008,托斯台逆断裂-褶皱带晚第四纪活动特征,内陆地震,22(1),14~21.
万园、许建东、于红梅等,2011,缅甸兰里岛泥火山灾害与成因机制探讨,地震地质,33(2),452~461.
王道、李茂玮、李锰等,1997,新疆独山子泥火山喷发的初步研究,地震地质,19(1),14~16.
王海涛、高小其、李志海等,2014,新疆MS6.0和MS6.6两次地震前近场泥火山宏观异常现象,地震学报,36(1),139~145.
杨晓芳、于红梅、赵波等,2014,新疆北天山泥火山固体喷出物特征及成因机制初探,地震地质,36(1),123~136.
余兴、孙远成、张秀敏等,2013,准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷构造样式与油气藏类型,中国石油和化工标准与质量,33(7),144.
朱佛宏,2003,地中海的泥火山,海洋地质动态,19(6),36.
Chiu J K,Tseng W H,Liu C S,2006,Distribution of gassy sediments and mud volcanoes offshore southwestern Taiwan,Terr,Atoms Ocean Sci,17(4),703~722.
Dimitrov L I,2002,Mud volcanoes-the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments,Earth-Sci Rev,59(1~4),49~76.
Milkov A V,2000,Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates,Mar Geol,167(1~2),29~42.
陈志、李营、汪成国等,2015,新疆温泉县泥火山喷发水的化学特征研究,四川地震,(2),12~15.
戴金星、吴小奇、倪云燕等,2012,准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山天然气的地球化学特征,中国科学:地球科学,42(2),178~190.
邓起东、冯先岳、张培震等,1999,乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制,地学前缘,6(4),191~201.
杜建国、周晓成、陈志等,2013,北天山泥火山对2012年6月30日新源-和静MS6.6地震的响应,地震学报,35(6),876~887.
段海岗、陈开远、史卜庆,2007,南里海盆地泥火山构造及其对油气成藏的影响,石油与天然气地质,28(3),337~344.
樊海龙、彭传凯、余心起等,2017,新疆乌苏泥火山地球化学特征及其泥浆源,地质通报,36(8),1428~1438.
范卫平、郑雷清、龚建华等,2007,泥火山的形成及其与油气的关系,吐哈油气,12(1),43~47.
冯先岳、陈杰、李军等,1993,霍尔果斯活动构造的断裂扩展褶皱作用,内陆地震,7(4),335~343.
高小其、梁卉、王海涛等,2015a,北天山地区泥火山的地球化学成因,地震地质,37(4),1215~1224.
高小其、王海涛、高国英等,2008,霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究,地震地质,30(2),464 ~472.
高小其、王海涛、郑黎明等,2015b,新疆泥火山群地震前兆异常实时监测与预报的研究,震灾防御技术,10(3),587~597.
何家雄、崔洁、翁荣南等,2012,台湾南部泥火山与伴生气地质地球化学特征及其油气地质意义,天然气地球科学,23(2),319 ~326.
何家雄、祝有海、马文宏等,2010,火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系,中国地质,37(6),1720~1732.
李梦、刘冬冬、郭召杰,2013,准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山活动及其伴生油苗的地球化学特征和意义,高校地质学报,19(3),484 ~490.
罗福忠、李军、胡伟华,2008,托斯台逆断裂-褶皱带晚第四纪活动特征,内陆地震,22(1),14~21.
万园、许建东、于红梅等,2011,缅甸兰里岛泥火山灾害与成因机制探讨,地震地质,33(2),452~461.
王道、李茂玮、李锰等,1997,新疆独山子泥火山喷发的初步研究,地震地质,19(1),14~16.
王海涛、高小其、李志海等,2014,新疆MS6.0和MS6.6两次地震前近场泥火山宏观异常现象,地震学报,36(1),139~145.
杨晓芳、于红梅、赵波等,2014,新疆北天山泥火山固体喷出物特征及成因机制初探,地震地质,36(1),123~136.
余兴、孙远成、张秀敏等,2013,准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷构造样式与油气藏类型,中国石油和化工标准与质量,33(7),144.
朱佛宏,2003,地中海的泥火山,海洋地质动态,19(6),36.
Chiu J K,Tseng W H,Liu C S,2006,Distribution of gassy sediments and mud volcanoes offshore southwestern Taiwan,Terr,Atoms Ocean Sci,17(4),703~722.
Dimitrov L I,2002,Mud volcanoes-the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments,Earth-Sci Rev,59(1~4),49~76.
Milkov A V,2000,Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates,Mar Geol,167(1~2),29~42.