单轴加载煤体破坏特征与电荷规律研究及应用
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摘要
为了完善电荷感应方法用于冲击地压的预测预报,利用自主研制的电荷监测系统开展了室内单轴压缩条件下煤样破裂电荷监测试验。重点分析了煤样的破坏类型、力学特性以及不同破坏类型下电荷时-频域信号规律,并对试验结果进行了工程验证。研究结果表明:煤样变形破坏特征可分为单剪型、共轭剪切型和破碎型;单剪型煤样电荷时域信号仅在峰后破坏初期,应力跌落至97%σ_c左右时产生,前兆信息难以捕捉,信号具有孤立性,幅值较高,电荷频率分布离散,主频为250 Hz。此特征电荷信号预示着相应工程煤体可能发生局部化破坏,将集聚的能量瞬间释放,冲击危害程度较大;共轭剪切型煤样电荷时域信号在强化损伤后期,应力达到(85%～100%)σ_c时开始产生,信号具有间隔突发性,主频为150Hz。预示着煤体可能发生分区化破裂,能量间断释放,冲击危害程度次之;破碎型煤样电荷时域信号在强化损伤初期,应力达到(70%～85%)σ_c时就开始产生,前兆信息易于捕捉,信号具有群发性,幅值较低,主频为0 Hz。预示着煤体可能发生均匀型破碎,能量缓慢释放,冲击危害程度较小。现场监测结果表明,在工作面煤体破碎区和发生煤炮时监测到的电荷信号特征,与试验室煤样发生均匀型破碎和单剪型破裂而产生的电荷信号特征具有高度相似性,验证了试验室结果的可靠性。
In order to improve the prediction of rock burst with charge induction, the charge monitoring test was carried out on fractured coal samples under uniaxial compression by the self-developed charge monitoring system in the laboratory. The failure types, mechanical properties of coal samples and the law of the charge time-frequency domain signals under different damage types were analyzed emphatically. Moreover, the test results were verified in practice. The results show that the deformation and failure characteristics of coal samples can be divided into single shearing type, conjugated shearing type, and shattered type. The charge time-domain signals of coal samples with single shearing occur only in the early stage of post peak failure, and the stress falls to about 97%σ_c. Since the signal characterizes a single burst with higher amplitude, discrete charge frequency distribution and the main frequency of 250 Hz, it is difficult to capture the precursory information. Those characteristics of charge signal indicate that the corresponding engineering coal body may occur a localized failure with releasing the accumulated energy instantly, which leads to significant impact hazard. The charge time-domain signals of coal samples with conjugated shearing are produced in the later period of intensified damage, and the stress reaches(85%～100%)σ_c. The signal has an interval burst, and the main frequency is 150 Hz.This indicates that the partitioned rupture occurs with accumulated energy released gradually, and the impact hazard degree is the second. The charge time-domain signals of shattered coal samples are generated in the early stage of intensified damage, and the stress reaches(70%～85%)σ_c. The premonitory information is easy to capture because the signals burst continuously with low amplitude and the main frequency of 0 Hz. These results indicate that the coal body may be homogeneously broken with accumulated energy released slowly, and the impact hazard degree is lower. The field monitoring results show that characteristics of charge signals both in crushing area of working face and the occurrence of coal firing gun are highly similar to those charge signals which are produced by coal samples in homogeneous shattered type and single shearing type in the laboratory. These results verify the reliability of the results obtained from the laboratory.
In order to improve the prediction of rock burst with charge induction, the charge monitoring test was carried out on fractured coal samples under uniaxial compression by the self-developed charge monitoring system in the laboratory. The failure types, mechanical properties of coal samples and the law of the charge time-frequency domain signals under different damage types were analyzed emphatically. Moreover, the test results were verified in practice. The results show that the deformation and failure characteristics of coal samples can be divided into single shearing type, conjugated shearing type, and shattered type. The charge time-domain signals of coal samples with single shearing occur only in the early stage of post peak failure, and the stress falls to about 97%σ_c. Since the signal characterizes a single burst with higher amplitude, discrete charge frequency distribution and the main frequency of 250 Hz, it is difficult to capture the precursory information. Those characteristics of charge signal indicate that the corresponding engineering coal body may occur a localized failure with releasing the accumulated energy instantly, which leads to significant impact hazard. The charge time-domain signals of coal samples with conjugated shearing are produced in the later period of intensified damage, and the stress reaches(85%～100%)σ_c. The signal has an interval burst, and the main frequency is 150 Hz.This indicates that the partitioned rupture occurs with accumulated energy released gradually, and the impact hazard degree is the second. The charge time-domain signals of shattered coal samples are generated in the early stage of intensified damage, and the stress reaches(70%～85%)σ_c. The premonitory information is easy to capture because the signals burst continuously with low amplitude and the main frequency of 0 Hz. These results indicate that the coal body may be homogeneously broken with accumulated energy released slowly, and the impact hazard degree is lower. The field monitoring results show that characteristics of charge signals both in crushing area of working face and the occurrence of coal firing gun are highly similar to those charge signals which are produced by coal samples in homogeneous shattered type and single shearing type in the laboratory. These results verify the reliability of the results obtained from the laboratory.
引文
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[10]潘一山,赵扬锋,李国臻.冲击地压预测的电荷感应技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3988-3993.PAN Yi-shan,ZHAO Yang-feng,LI Guo-zhen.Chargeinduced technique of rock burst prediction and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Suppl.2):3988-3993.
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[13]潘一山,罗浩,赵扬锋.电荷感应监测技术在矿山动力灾害中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):29-34.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,ZHAO Yang-feng.Application of charge induction monitoring technology of mine dynamic disasters[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):29-34.
[14]潘一山,罗浩,肖晓春,等.三轴条件下含瓦斯煤力电感应规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):918-922.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,XIAO Xiao-chun,et al.Experimental study on mechanical-charge induction law of coal containing gas under triaxial compression[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):918-922.
[15]KUKSENKO V S,MAKHMUDOV K F.Mechanicallyinduced electrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Technical Physics Letters,1997,23(2):126-127.
[16]NITSON U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks[J].Geophysics Research Letters,1977,83(4):333-336.
[17]潘一山,罗浩,唐治,等.煤岩体拉伸失稳破坏电荷感应规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1297-1303.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,TANG Zhi,et al.Study of charge induction law of coal and rock mass during tensile instability and failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1297-1303.
[18]赵扬锋,潘一山,罗浩,等.不同矿井煤样变形破裂过程中的电荷感应实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(1):23-28.ZHAO Yang-feng,PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,et al.Experimental study on charge induction in process of coal deformation and fracture in different mines[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(1):23-28.
[19]赵扬锋,潘一山,刘玉春,等.单轴压缩条件下煤样电荷感应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):306-312.ZHAO Yang-feng,PAN Yi-shan,LIU Yu-chun,et al.Experimental study of charge induction of coal samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):306-312.
[20]王岗,潘一山,肖晓春,等.煤体剪切破坏电荷感应规律试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):103-108.WANG Gang,PAN Yi-shan,XIAO Xiao-chun,et al.Experimental study on the charge induction regularity in the shearing process of coal[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):103-108.
[21]肖晓春,金晨,赵鑫,等.组合煤岩冲击倾向电荷判据试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1620-1628.XIAO Xiao-chun,JIN Chen,ZHAO Xin,et al.Experimental study on the charge criterion of coal-rock bodies burst tendency[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1620-1628.
[2]周小平,钱七虎.深埋巷道分区破裂化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):877-885.ZHOU Xiao-ping,QIAN Qi-hu.Zonal fracturing mechanism in deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):877-885.
[3]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,partⅠ:data of in situ observation[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(3):157-168.
[4]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,partⅡ:rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(4):223-232.
[5]唐鑫,潘一山,章梦涛.深部巷道区域化交替破碎现象的机制分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(4):80-84.TANG Xin,PAN Yi-shan,ZHANG Meng-tao.Mechanism analysis of zonal disintegration in deep level tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2006,17(4):80-84.
[6]李英杰,潘一山,章梦涛.深部岩体分区碎裂化进程的时间效应研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(4):119-122.LI Ying-jie,PAN Yi-shan,ZHANG Meng-tao.Time effect on zonal disintegration process of deep rock mass[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2006,17(4):119-122.
[7]钱七虎,李树枕.深部岩体工程围岩分区破裂化现象研究综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1278-1284.QIAN Qi-hu,LI Shu-chen.A review of research on zonal disintegration phenomenon in deep rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1278-1284.
[8]潘一山,张梦涛,李国臻.稳定性定力准则的圆形洞室岩暴分析[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(5):59-66.PAN Yi-shan,ZHANG Meng-tao,LI Guo-zhen.Analysis on circular chamber rockburst by dynamic stability criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(5):59-66.
[9]潘一山,唐治,李国臻.不同温度下岩石电荷感应试验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(10):1654-1657.PAN Yi-shan,TANG Zhi,LI Guo-zhen,et al.Experimental research of rock’s charge induction under different temperatures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(10):1654-1657.
[10]潘一山,赵扬锋,李国臻.冲击地压预测的电荷感应技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3988-3993.PAN Yi-shan,ZHAO Yang-feng,LI Guo-zhen.Chargeinduced technique of rock burst prediction and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Suppl.2):3988-3993.
[11]潘一山,徐连满,李国臻,等.煤矿深井动力灾害电荷辐射特征及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1619-1625.PAN Yi-shan,XU Lian-man,LI Guo-zhen,et al.Characteristics of charge radiation of dynamic disasters in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1619-1625.
[12]胡少斌,王恩元,李忠辉,等.受载煤体电磁辐射动态非线性特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(3):380-387.HU Shao-bin,WANG En-yuan,LI Zhong-hui,et al.Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic radiation during loading coal[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(3):380-387.
[13]潘一山,罗浩,赵扬锋.电荷感应监测技术在矿山动力灾害中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):29-34.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,ZHAO Yang-feng.Application of charge induction monitoring technology of mine dynamic disasters[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):29-34.
[14]潘一山,罗浩,肖晓春,等.三轴条件下含瓦斯煤力电感应规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):918-922.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,XIAO Xiao-chun,et al.Experimental study on mechanical-charge induction law of coal containing gas under triaxial compression[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):918-922.
[15]KUKSENKO V S,MAKHMUDOV K F.Mechanicallyinduced electrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Technical Physics Letters,1997,23(2):126-127.
[16]NITSON U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks[J].Geophysics Research Letters,1977,83(4):333-336.
[17]潘一山,罗浩,唐治,等.煤岩体拉伸失稳破坏电荷感应规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1297-1303.PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,TANG Zhi,et al.Study of charge induction law of coal and rock mass during tensile instability and failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1297-1303.
[18]赵扬锋,潘一山,罗浩,等.不同矿井煤样变形破裂过程中的电荷感应实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(1):23-28.ZHAO Yang-feng,PAN Yi-shan,LUO Hao,et al.Experimental study on charge induction in process of coal deformation and fracture in different mines[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(1):23-28.
[19]赵扬锋,潘一山,刘玉春,等.单轴压缩条件下煤样电荷感应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):306-312.ZHAO Yang-feng,PAN Yi-shan,LIU Yu-chun,et al.Experimental study of charge induction of coal samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):306-312.
[20]王岗,潘一山,肖晓春,等.煤体剪切破坏电荷感应规律试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):103-108.WANG Gang,PAN Yi-shan,XIAO Xiao-chun,et al.Experimental study on the charge induction regularity in the shearing process of coal[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):103-108.
[21]肖晓春,金晨,赵鑫,等.组合煤岩冲击倾向电荷判据试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1620-1628.XIAO Xiao-chun,JIN Chen,ZHAO Xin,et al.Experimental study on the charge criterion of coal-rock bodies burst tendency[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1620-1628.