黄土高原干旱地区农田杂草和党参对耕作模式的响应
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摘要
连续3年在2个不同耕作季节选择免耕、深耕不耙、深耕耙平、旋耕4种耕作方法,研究其对党参田间优势杂草种群的影响以及耕作方式协同杂草作用对党参产量的影响。结果表明:参田中一年生杂草以虫食(Corispermum declinatum Steph.ex Stev.var.declinatum)、荠(Capsella bursapastoris(Linn.) Medic)、灰灰菜(Chenopodium album L.)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.)为优势种群,多年生杂草以田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum(Linn.) Gaertn.)为优势种群;免耕参田杂草种类最多,数量最大,党参产量最低;夏季干旱时节深耕耙平参田杂草种类、数量均最少,党参产量最高。夏季高温干旱时节进行深耕耙平能够有效的控制党参田间杂草,提高参田产量,在一定程度上降低了除草成本,可作为党参绿色种植控草技术进行推广应用。
To study the influence of tillage method at different seasons on the advantage weed populations in Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.field and the influence of synergistic effect between tillage method and weeds on the Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.yield.We chose four tillage methods at two different seasons in three years in a row,they were respectively no-tillage,deep ploughing and no rake flat,deep ploughing and rake flat,rotary tillage.The results showed that the annual weeds Corispermum declinatum Steph.ex Stev.var.declinatum,Capsella bursapastoris(Linn.)Medic.,Chenopodium album L.,Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.,and the perennial weeds Convolvulus arvensis L.,Agropyron cristatum(Linn.)Gaertn.were the advantage populations in the Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.field.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were the highest and yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was the lowest with no tillage.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were both the lowest and the yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was the highest with deep ploughing and rake flat at summer drought.The weeds could be controlled effectively by deep ploughing and rake flat at high temperature and drought in summer.It could reduce the cost of the weeding,and increased the yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf..It can be popularized and applied as the green weeds control technique.
To study the influence of tillage method at different seasons on the advantage weed populations in Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.field and the influence of synergistic effect between tillage method and weeds on the Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.yield.We chose four tillage methods at two different seasons in three years in a row,they were respectively no-tillage,deep ploughing and no rake flat,deep ploughing and rake flat,rotary tillage.The results showed that the annual weeds Corispermum declinatum Steph.ex Stev.var.declinatum,Capsella bursapastoris(Linn.)Medic.,Chenopodium album L.,Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.,and the perennial weeds Convolvulus arvensis L.,Agropyron cristatum(Linn.)Gaertn.were the advantage populations in the Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.field.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were the highest and yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was the lowest with no tillage.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were both the lowest and the yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was the highest with deep ploughing and rake flat at summer drought.The weeds could be controlled effectively by deep ploughing and rake flat at high temperature and drought in summer.It could reduce the cost of the weeding,and increased the yield of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf..It can be popularized and applied as the green weeds control technique.
引文
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[3] 朱文达,何燕红,李林,等.氯氟吡氧乙酸与顶尖或骠马混用对小麦田间杂草的防除效果[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):778-782.
[4] 上海药膳协会.夏季健脾药膳[J].食品与生活,2012(8):57.
[5] 冯津,郭先龙,高秀萍,等.生物抗旱剂预处理对模拟旱作党参播种出苗与成苗的影响[J].种子,2018,37(12):81-84.
[6] 李莹莹,彭玉婷,徐晓蓝,等.不同氮磷配施对党参根部生长及其活性成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(10):1470-1477.
[7] 王赞文.土壤水分对党参生长发育和成分积累的影响[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2018.
[8] 高石曼,刘久石,孙恬,等.不同栽培措施对党参药材化学质量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(20):3753-3760.
[9] 李青,李鹤翔,贺红早.党参大田杂草生长调查初探[J].贵州科学,2016,34(6):6-9.
[10] 马晓渊.多年生杂草的繁殖特性[J].杂草科学,1997(4):6-8.
[11] 郭水良,王勇,曹同.杂草繁殖方式的多样性及其对环境的适应[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35(3):103-110.
[12] 丁启朔,丁为民,孟为国,等.耕作力学研究中的土壤结构表现与评价[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):62-66.