辫状河—曲流河转换模式探讨——以准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河组露头为例
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摘要
为探讨辫状河向曲流河转换的模式,以准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河剖面中侏罗统头屯河组为例,在层序地层学与沉积学的理论指导下,在层序划分与河流成因岩相类型确定的基础上,通过野外露头实测、剖面精细解剖及沉积观察描述,对头屯河组辫状河—曲流河(辫—曲)转换进行成因分析与特征总结,明确了辫—曲转换的控制因素,再现了辫—曲转换的沉积背景。研究表明:基准面旋回、物源供给、地形坡度及古气候4个方面控制着头屯河组辫—曲转换的过程。随着基准面的逐渐升高,物源供给的减弱,地形坡度的减缓,古气候环境炎热干旱,头屯河组逐渐由辫状河向曲流河转换。最终由头屯河组野外露头垂向序列,建立了辫—曲转换的局部沉积构型模式和区域沉积演化模式。
Under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology theory,detailed research on Toutunhe Formation in the Toutunhe outcrop,southern margin of Junggar Basin was carried out to discuss the model of braided river transform to meandering river.On the basis of the division of sequences and the determination of river-genesis lithofacies,by the field measuring,fine dissecting and sedimentation description and observation,braided river transform to meandering river(braided to meandering river) in Toutunhe Formation was analyzed and characteristics summarized,and the control factors and depositional setting of braided to meandering river were cleared.In this study,the process of braided to meandering river was controlled by base-level cycle,sedimentary source recharge,gradient and paleoclimate.As the base level rising,sedimentary source recharge decreasing,gradient slowing down and paleoclimate changing to hot-arid gradually,the river type change from braided river to meandering river.Eventually,by the vertical sequence of Toutunhe Formation,the local and regional depositional evolution models are built up.
Under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology theory,detailed research on Toutunhe Formation in the Toutunhe outcrop,southern margin of Junggar Basin was carried out to discuss the model of braided river transform to meandering river.On the basis of the division of sequences and the determination of river-genesis lithofacies,by the field measuring,fine dissecting and sedimentation description and observation,braided river transform to meandering river(braided to meandering river) in Toutunhe Formation was analyzed and characteristics summarized,and the control factors and depositional setting of braided to meandering river were cleared.In this study,the process of braided to meandering river was controlled by base-level cycle,sedimentary source recharge,gradient and paleoclimate.As the base level rising,sedimentary source recharge decreasing,gradient slowing down and paleoclimate changing to hot-arid gradually,the river type change from braided river to meandering river.Eventually,by the vertical sequence of Toutunhe Formation,the local and regional depositional evolution models are built up.
引文
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15 鲍志东,刘凌,张冬玲,等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系沉积体系纲要[J].沉积学报,2005,23(2):194-202[Bao Zhidong,Liu Ling,Zhang Dongling,et al.Depositional system frameworks of the Jurassic in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(2):194-202]
16 邓宏文.高分辨率层序地层学应用中的问题探析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(5):471-480[Deng Hongwen.Discussion on problems of applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(5):471-480]
17 郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-255[Zheng Rongcai,Peng Jun,Wu Chaorong.Grade division of base-level cycles of terrigenous basin and its implications[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(2):249-255]
2 Blum M,Marriott S,Leclair S.Fluvial Sedimentology VII:(Special Publication 35 of the IAS)[M].Wiley,2009:399-424
3 张昌民,张尚峰,李少华,等.中国河流沉积学研究20年[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):183-188[Zhang Changmin,Zhang Shangfeng,Li Shaohua,et al.Advances in Chinese fluvial sedimentology from 1983 to2003[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):183-188]
4 于兴河.辫状河储层地质模式及层次界面分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:86-88[Yu Xinghe.Geological Model and Interface Analysis Braided River Reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:86-88]
5 于兴河,李胜利,赵舒,等.河流相油气储层的井震结合相控随机建模约束方法[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):33-41[Yu Xinghe,Li Shengli,Zhao Shu,et al.The constraining method on stochastic modeling for fluvial petroleum reservoir controlled by depositional facies integrating wells with seismic data[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):33-41]
6 文华国,郑荣才,高红灿,等.苏里格气田苏6井区下石盒子组盒8段沉积相特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):90-97[Wen Huaguo,Zheng Rongcai,Gao Hongcan,et al.Sedimentary facies of the 8th member of lower Shihezi Formation in Su 6 area,Sulige Gas Field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):90-97]
7 裘亦楠.河流沉积学中的河型分类[J].石油勘探与开发,1985,2:11 [Qiu Yinan.Classification of river sedimentology[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1985,2:11]
8 李阳.河流相储层沉积学表征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):48-51[Li Yang.Characterization of sedimentology in fluvial facies reservoir[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):48-51]
9 邓运华.论河流与油气的共生关系[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):12-17 [Deng Yunhua.Analysis on correlation of river and petroleum[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):12-17]
10 廖保方,薛培华.辫状河现代沉积研究与相模式:中国永定河剖析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(1):34-39[Liao Baofang,Xue Peihua.Study on modern deposit of a braided stream and facies model:Taking the Yongding river as an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(1):34-39]
11 郭岭,姜在兴,李瑞锋.一种辫状河——曲流河复合沉积体层序特征及其成因[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(2):29-33[Guo Ling,Jiang Zaixing,Li Ruifeng.Characteristics of composite sedimentary sequence of braided and meandering river and their genetic interpretation[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(2):29-33]
12 倪晋仁,王随继,王光谦.现代冲积河流的河型空间转化模式探讨[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):1-6[Ni Jinren,Wang Suiji,Wang Guangqian.Spatial variations of channel patterns[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(1):1-6]
13 Ashworth P J,Sambrook S,Gregory H,et al.Evolution and sedimentology of a channel fill in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan river and its comparison to the deposits of an adjacent compound bar[J].Sedimentology,2011,58(7):1860-1883
14 邓胜辉,卢远征,樊茹,等.新疆北部的侏罗系[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2010:13-17[Deng Shenghui,Lu Yuanzheng,Fan Ru,et al.The Jurassic in Northern Xinjiang[M].Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,2010:13-17]
15 鲍志东,刘凌,张冬玲,等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系沉积体系纲要[J].沉积学报,2005,23(2):194-202[Bao Zhidong,Liu Ling,Zhang Dongling,et al.Depositional system frameworks of the Jurassic in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(2):194-202]
16 邓宏文.高分辨率层序地层学应用中的问题探析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(5):471-480[Deng Hongwen.Discussion on problems of applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(5):471-480]
17 郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-255[Zheng Rongcai,Peng Jun,Wu Chaorong.Grade division of base-level cycles of terrigenous basin and its implications[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(2):249-255]