水质模型在河道整治工程设计运营中作用浅析
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摘要
目前中国正处在全面推行河长制、黑臭水体治理及城市海绵化改造的水环境综合治理修复攻坚阶段。在河道整治的设计施工、运行维护、PPP合作责任主体划分等方面都需要科学合理的决策分析,河流水质模型在其中能够发挥重要的作用。文章以重庆后河整治工程为例,探讨水质模型在工程设计运营过程各种实际情形下指导决策分析。基于工程实际可获得的基础资料和现场勘测,建立后河一维基本水质模型,评估分析污水厂和工业点源排放、上游来水不达标、面源汇入、工程标段海绵改造等典型情景下如何通过水质模型计算提出工程设计与运行的边界条件,帮助各资本方明晰责任,对可能的富营养化、环境容量长期管理、水质监测系统建设等也进行了探讨。该实践研究对中国河道整治工程的开展有着借鉴意义。
At present, China is in the crucial stage of comprehensive regulation and restoration of river waters and the central government proposed many novel policy and engineering such as river chief appointment, black-odor water treatment and sponge city. Scientific and rational decision-making analysis is of critical in the design, construction, operation and mainte-nance of river regulation works, and division of clear responsibilities of PPP partners. The water quality model can play an important role. Taking Chongqing Houhe River Regulation Project as an example, this paper discussed the guidance and de-cision-making analysis of water quality model in various practical situations of engineering design and operation. Based on the background data collection and on-site surveys available to the project, a simple one-dimensional water quality model of Houhe River was established. It was used to declare the boundary of engineering design and operation and helped with clari-fying the responsibilities of each stakeholder under several typical practical scenarios such as sewage plants and industrial sources release, the upper reaches inflow exceeding the water quality standard, the import of non-point sources, and the sponge city updates. Possible eutrophication, long-term management of environmental capacity and construction of water quality monitoring system were also discussed. The paper has special references to the practices of river regulation and reme-diation projects in our country.
At present, China is in the crucial stage of comprehensive regulation and restoration of river waters and the central government proposed many novel policy and engineering such as river chief appointment, black-odor water treatment and sponge city. Scientific and rational decision-making analysis is of critical in the design, construction, operation and mainte-nance of river regulation works, and division of clear responsibilities of PPP partners. The water quality model can play an important role. Taking Chongqing Houhe River Regulation Project as an example, this paper discussed the guidance and de-cision-making analysis of water quality model in various practical situations of engineering design and operation. Based on the background data collection and on-site surveys available to the project, a simple one-dimensional water quality model of Houhe River was established. It was used to declare the boundary of engineering design and operation and helped with clari-fying the responsibilities of each stakeholder under several typical practical scenarios such as sewage plants and industrial sources release, the upper reaches inflow exceeding the water quality standard, the import of non-point sources, and the sponge city updates. Possible eutrophication, long-term management of environmental capacity and construction of water quality monitoring system were also discussed. The paper has special references to the practices of river regulation and reme-diation projects in our country.
引文
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[17]逄勇,陆桂华,吴泽毅,等.水环境容量计算理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.Liu Yong,Lu Guihua,Wu Zeyi,et al.Calculation Theory and Application of Water Environmental Capacity[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
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[19]由阳,朱玲,朱淑兰.模型法海绵城市建设效果评估--以贵州省贵安新区中心区为例[J].给水排水,2018(1):36-43.You Yang,Zhu Ling,Zhu Shulan.Evaluation of the effect of model method on construction of sponge city-taking the central district of the new district of Guizhou Province as an example[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2018(1):36-43.
[20]黄晓容,王祥炳,李清芳,等.地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(9):114-118.Huang Xiaorong,Wang Xiangbing,Li Qingfang,et al.Research on construction and operation management of surface water quality automatic monitoring system[J].Environmental Science and Management,2016,41(9):114-118.
[21]Shi Bin,Jiang Jiping,Sivakumar B,et al.Quantitative design of emergency monitoring network for river chemical spills based on discrete entropy theory[J].Water Research.2018,134:140-152.
[2]向鹏成,邓青,王一鸣.基于激励相容视角的PPP项目监管研究[J].建筑经济,2017,38(7):34-39.Xiang Pengcheng,Deng Qing,Wang Yiming.Research on PPP project supervision based on the perspective of incentive compatibility[J].Construction Economy,2017,38(7):34-39.
[3]王旭,王永刚,孙长虹,等.城市黑臭水体形成机理与评价方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1331-1340.Wang Xu,Wang Yonggang,Sun Changhong,et al.Formation mechanism and assessment method for urban black and odorous water body:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(4):1331-1340.
[4]王刚,齐珺,何晓燕,等.以北运河(北京段)为例模拟评估北京市“水十条”水质改善效果[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(5):116-123.Wang Gang,Qi Jun,He Xiaoyan,et al.Simulation and assessment of water quality improvement effect of the action plan for prevention and control of water pollution in Beijing:taking the North Canal River(Beijing section)as an example[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(5):116-123.
[5]刘文,陈卫平,彭驰.城市雨洪管理低影响开发技术研究与利用进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1901-1912.Liu Wen,Chen Weiping,Peng Chi.Advances in low impact development technology for urban stormwater management[J].Chinese Journal of applied ecology,2015,26(6):1901-1912.
[6]赫芳华,李春晖,赵彦伟,等.流域水质模型与模拟[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2008.He Fanghua,Li Chunhui,Zhao Yanwei,et al.Basin Water Quality Model and Simulation[M].Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2008.
[7]蒋洪强,吴文俊,姚艳玲,等.耦合流域模型及在中国环境规划与管理中的应用进展[J].生态环境学报2015,24(3):539-546.Jiang Hongqiang,Wu Wenjun,Yao Yanling,et al.Coupling watershed environmental model with optimizing method to provide least cost alternatives in environmental planning and management[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(3):539-546.
[8]朱摇,梁志伟,李伟,等.流域水环境污染模型及其应用研究综述[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):3012-3018.Zhu Yao,Liang Zhiwei,Li Wei,et al.Watershed water environment pollution models and their applications:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(10):3012-3018.
[9]卿晓霞,张会波,周健,等.伏牛溪水污染治理效果的数值模拟研究[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):65-72.Qing Xiaoxia,Zhang Huibo,Zhou Jian,et al.Numerical simulation research of water pollution control effect of Funiu River[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):65-72.
[10]Chaubey I,Chiang L,Gitau M W,et al.Effectiveness of best management practices in improving water quality in a pasture-dominated watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,65(6):424-437.
[11]王亚炜,杜向群,郁达伟,等.温榆河氨氮污染控制措施的效果模拟[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):479-486.Wang Yawei,Du Xiangqun,Yu Dawei,et al.Assessment of ammonia nitrogen pollution control in Wenyu River by QUAL2K simulation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):479-486.
[12]重庆市水利电力建筑勘测设计研究院.重庆两江新区后河(悦来新城段)河道综合治理工程涉河建设方案及防洪评价报告[R].2016.Chongqing Institute of Water Conservancy and Electricity Construction Survey and Design Institute.Real Rivers in Chongqing Liangjiang New District(Yuelai New City Section)river Construction Control Projects and Flood Control Evaluation Report[R].2016.
[13]Thomann RV,Mueller JA.Principles of Surface Water Quality Modeling and Control[M].Harper&Row,New York,1987.
[14]重庆市水资源管理站.重庆市城区水资源规划水资源开发利用情况调查评价报告[R].2003.Chongqing Municipal Water Resources Management Station.Investigation and Evaluation Report on Development and Utilization of Water Resources in Chongqing City Water Resources Planning[R].2003.
[15]Maringanti C,Chaubey I,Popp J.Development of a multiobjective optimization tool for the selection and placement of best management practices for nonpoint source pollution control[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(6):1-15.
[16]李若华,周维,姚凯华,等.基于氧平衡的钱塘江河口水质模型研究及应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,9:86-92.Li Ruohua,Zhou Wei,Yao Kaihua,et al.Research on water quality model based on the oxygen balance in qiantang Estuary[J].China Rural Water Conservancy and Hydropower,2017,9:86-92.
[17]逄勇,陆桂华,吴泽毅,等.水环境容量计算理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.Liu Yong,Lu Guihua,Wu Zeyi,et al.Calculation Theory and Application of Water Environmental Capacity[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[18]邓柏旺,袁晓宇.水环境容量计算在工程中应用[J].中国水利,2010(18):48-50,52.Deng Baiwang,Yuan Xiaoyu.Application of water environment capacity calculation in the engineering construction[J].China Water Resources,2010(18):48-50,52.
[19]由阳,朱玲,朱淑兰.模型法海绵城市建设效果评估--以贵州省贵安新区中心区为例[J].给水排水,2018(1):36-43.You Yang,Zhu Ling,Zhu Shulan.Evaluation of the effect of model method on construction of sponge city-taking the central district of the new district of Guizhou Province as an example[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2018(1):36-43.
[20]黄晓容,王祥炳,李清芳,等.地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(9):114-118.Huang Xiaorong,Wang Xiangbing,Li Qingfang,et al.Research on construction and operation management of surface water quality automatic monitoring system[J].Environmental Science and Management,2016,41(9):114-118.
[21]Shi Bin,Jiang Jiping,Sivakumar B,et al.Quantitative design of emergency monitoring network for river chemical spills based on discrete entropy theory[J].Water Research.2018,134:140-152.