陆相和海相页岩储层孔隙结构差异性分析
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摘要
页岩储层以微-纳米孔隙和裂缝作为页岩油气的赋存空间,对其孔隙结构特征的研究是明确页岩油气富集机理的关键,而陆相和海相页岩储层的孔隙结构特征存在巨大的差异。为此,运用场发射扫描电镜、CO_2吸附、N_2吸附、高压压汞分析和索氏抽提等方法,以沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段陆相页岩储层和川东南龙马溪组海相页岩储层为典型实例,深入分析陆相和海相页岩储层的孔隙结构差异。结果表明,沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段陆相页岩储层中有机质单体内部并未发育密集分布且相互连通的蜂窝状孔隙,具有极大孔体积的宏孔更为发育,能够为游离烃赋存提供良好的储集空间,控制着页岩油的富集。而川东南龙马溪组海相页岩储层中有机质单体内部密集发育相互连通的蜂窝状孔隙,具有极大比表面积的微孔最为发育,能够为吸附烃赋存提供足够的比表面,控制着页岩气的富集。
Since shale oil and gas occur in micro-to nano-pores and fractures,researches on pore structure characteristics of shale reservoirs are important to understand the accumulation mechanism of shale oil and gas. There are great differences in pore structure between continental and marine shale reservoirs. In order to analyze their differences in pore structure,several methods including field emission-scanning electron microscopy,CO_2 adsorption,N_2 adsorption,high-pressure mercury injection,and Soxhlet Extraction,etc. were applied to analyze samples from the lower submember of 3rd member of Eocene Shahejie Formation(Es_3~l)continental shale in Zhanhua Sag and Longmaxi Formation marine shale in Sichuan Basin.The results show that interconnected honeycomb-shape pores are not developed within organic matter for Es_3~l shale in Zhanhua Sag. In addition,macro-pores with great pore volume are well-developed,providing good spaces for free hydrocarbon storage and controlling shale oil accumulation. In contrast,interconnected honeycomb-shape pores are well-developed within organic matter for Longmaxi Formation marine shale in Sichuan Basin. Micropores with great specific surface area provide sufficient spaces for absorbed hydrocarbon and control shale gas accumulation.
Since shale oil and gas occur in micro-to nano-pores and fractures,researches on pore structure characteristics of shale reservoirs are important to understand the accumulation mechanism of shale oil and gas. There are great differences in pore structure between continental and marine shale reservoirs. In order to analyze their differences in pore structure,several methods including field emission-scanning electron microscopy,CO_2 adsorption,N_2 adsorption,high-pressure mercury injection,and Soxhlet Extraction,etc. were applied to analyze samples from the lower submember of 3rd member of Eocene Shahejie Formation(Es_3~l)continental shale in Zhanhua Sag and Longmaxi Formation marine shale in Sichuan Basin.The results show that interconnected honeycomb-shape pores are not developed within organic matter for Es_3~l shale in Zhanhua Sag. In addition,macro-pores with great pore volume are well-developed,providing good spaces for free hydrocarbon storage and controlling shale oil accumulation. In contrast,interconnected honeycomb-shape pores are well-developed within organic matter for Longmaxi Formation marine shale in Sichuan Basin. Micropores with great specific surface area provide sufficient spaces for absorbed hydrocarbon and control shale gas accumulation.
引文
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[2]JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Unconventional shalegas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
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[4]CHALMERS G R L,BUSTIN R M.Lower Cretaceous gas shales in northeastern British Columbia,part I:geological controls on methane sorption capacity[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2008,56(1):1-21.
[5]姜福杰,庞雄奇,欧阳学成,等.世界页岩气研究概况及中国页岩气资源潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):198-211.JIANG Fujie,PANG Xiongqi,OUYANG Xuecheng,et al.The main progress and problems of shale gas study and the potential prediction of shale gas exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):198-211.
[6]郭旭升.南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律--四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1 209-1 218.GUO Xusheng.Rules of two-factor enrichment for marine shale gas in southern China-Understanding from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1 209-1 218.
[7]王志刚.涪陵页岩气勘探开发重大突破与启示[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):1-6.WANG Zhigang.Breakthrough of Fuling shale gas exploration and development and its inspiration[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):1-6.
[8]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:129.ZOU Caineng.Unconventional oil and gas geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:129.
[9]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.CHEN Shangbin,ZHU Yanming,WANG Hongyan,et al.Structure characteristics and accumulation significance of nanopores in Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):438-444.
[10]TANG Xianglu,JIANG Zhenxue,LI Zhou,et al.The effect of the variation in material composition on the heterogeneous pore structure of high-maturity shale of the Silurian Longmaxi formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2015,23:464-473.
[11]聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,等.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):331-343.NIE Haikuan,BIAN Ruikang,ZHANG Peixian,et al.Micro-types and characteristics of shale reservoir of the Lower Paleozoic in Southeast Sichuan Basin,and their effects on the gas content[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(4):331-343.
[12]李超,朱筱敏,朱世发,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三下段泥页岩储层特征[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):795-808.LI Chao,ZHU Xiaomin,ZHU Shifa,et al.Shale reservoir characteristics of the lower 3th member of Shahejie Formation,Luojia area,Zhanhua Sag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(4):795-808.
[13]王鸿升,胡天跃.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷页岩油形成影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(S1):141-149.WANG Hongsheng,HU Tianyue.Analysis of influence factors of shale oil formation in Zhanhua Depression of Bohai Bay Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(Supplement1):141-149.
[14]张凡芹,王伟锋,张晶,等.沾化凹陷断层对沉积的控制作用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):1-6.ZHANG Fanqin,WANG Weifeng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Controlling of faults on sedimentation in Zhanhua sag[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edition of Natural Science,2005,29(5):1-6.
[15]刘伟新,朱晓军,马安林,等.不同泥岩相有机质赋存特征及对比表面积的影响:以渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷古近系为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):204-210.LIU Weixin,ZHU Xiaojun,MA Anlin,et al.Occurrence of organic matter in different mudstone lithofacies and its influence on specific surface area:A case study of the Paleogene in the Zhanhua Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(2):204-210.
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[17]宋国奇,徐兴友,李政,等.济阳坳陷古近系陆相页岩油产量的影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(3):463-471.SONG Guoqi,XU Xingyou,LI Zheng,et al.Factors controlling oil production from Paleogene shale in Jiyang depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(3):463-471.
[18]王永诗,李政,巩建强,等.济阳坳陷页岩油气评价方法--以沾化凹陷罗家地区为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):83-91.WANG Yongshi,LI Zheng,GONG Jianqiang,et al.Discussion on an evaluation method of shale oil and gas in Jiyang depression:a case study on Luojia area in Zhanhua sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):83-91.
[19]刘惠民,张守鹏,王朴,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三段下亚段页岩岩石学特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):11-15.LIU Huimin,ZHANG Shoupeng,WANG Pu,et al.Lithologic characteristics of lower Es3shale in Luojia area,Zhanhua sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):11-15.
[20]赵铭海,傅爱兵,关丽,等.罗家地区页岩油气测井评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):20-24.ZHAO Minghai,FU Aibing,GUAN Li,et al.Logging evaluation method of shale oil and gas reservoir in Luojia area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):20-24.
[21]纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微-纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):182-195.JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Micro-nano pore structure characteristics and its control factors of shale in Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):182-195.
[22]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134.JIANG Zhenxue,TANG Xianglu,LI Zhuo,et al.The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):126-134.
[23]王宓君,包茨,肖明德,等.中国石油地质志(卷十):四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.WANG Mijun,BAO Ci,XIAO Mingde,et al.Petroleum geology of China(Vol.10):Sichuan oil and gas region[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[24]冉天,谭先锋,陈浩,等.渝东南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(5):17-26.RAN Tian,TAN Xianfeng,CHEN Hao,et al.Geological features of shale gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Southeast Chongqing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(5):17-26.
[25]郭英海,李壮福,李大华,等.四川地区早志留世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):20-29.GUO Yinghai,LI Zhuangfu,LI Dahua,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Silurian in Sichuan area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):20-29.
[26]韩双彪,张金川,邢雅文,等.渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气聚集条件与资源潜力[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增刊1):168-173.HAN Shuangbiao,ZHANG Jinchuan,XING Yawen,et al.Shale gas accumulation conditions and resource potential of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeast Chongqing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Supplement1):168-173.
[27]WANG Pengfei,JIANG Zhenxue,CHEN Lei,et al.Pore structure characterization for the Longmaxi and Niutitang shales in the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China:Evidence from focused ion beam-He ion microscopy,nano-computerized tomography and gas adsorption analysis[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2016,77:1 323-1 337.