吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储集层裂缝特征及主控因素
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摘要
准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储集层分布广泛,但勘探开发效果一直不稳定,其重要原因是裂缝的发育特征和主控因素不清楚。在查明裂缝基本特征的基础上,对裂缝形成和分布的主控因素进行探讨。通过野外露头、岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、成像测井、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析等,研究了裂缝与矿物脆性、岩性、有机碳含量、地层厚度、沉积微相的关系。结果表明,研究区芦草沟组裂缝的发育程度与矿物脆性和有机碳含量呈正相关,与地层厚度呈负相关;沉积微相对裂缝的影响较为复杂。综合矿物脆性、岩性、有机碳含量和地层厚度的因素,在滨湖沉积相中,白云质砂坪和砂坝微相裂缝发育;三角洲沉积相中,远砂坝和席状砂微相裂缝发育,这些沉积微相是裂缝发育的有利相带。
The tight oil reservoirs of the Lucaogou formation are widely distributed in the Jimsar sag of Junggar basin, Northwest China.However, the effects of its exploration and development are unstable because the fracture development characteristics and main controlling factors on fractures are not verified. This study aims to clarify the basic characteristics of fractures and study the main controlling factors on fractures. Based on the data analysis of outcrop, core, rock thin section, SEM, image logging and X-ray diffraction, the paper studies the relationships of fractures with mineral brittleness, lithology, total organic carbon content, stratum thickness and sedimentary microfacies. The study results indicate that the development of the fractures in Lucaogou formation is positively correlated with mineral brittleness and TOC content, and negatively correlated with stratum thickness. The influence of sedimentary microfacies on fractures is complex because the factors of mineral brittleness, lithology, TOC content and stratum thickness should be comprehensively considered. Dolomitic sand flat and sand bar are the developed in the shore-lacustrine facies, while distal sand bar and sheet sand are developed in the delta facies, all these microfacies are favorable for fracture development.
The tight oil reservoirs of the Lucaogou formation are widely distributed in the Jimsar sag of Junggar basin, Northwest China.However, the effects of its exploration and development are unstable because the fracture development characteristics and main controlling factors on fractures are not verified. This study aims to clarify the basic characteristics of fractures and study the main controlling factors on fractures. Based on the data analysis of outcrop, core, rock thin section, SEM, image logging and X-ray diffraction, the paper studies the relationships of fractures with mineral brittleness, lithology, total organic carbon content, stratum thickness and sedimentary microfacies. The study results indicate that the development of the fractures in Lucaogou formation is positively correlated with mineral brittleness and TOC content, and negatively correlated with stratum thickness. The influence of sedimentary microfacies on fractures is complex because the factors of mineral brittleness, lithology, TOC content and stratum thickness should be comprehensively considered. Dolomitic sand flat and sand bar are the developed in the shore-lacustrine facies, while distal sand bar and sheet sand are developed in the delta facies, all these microfacies are favorable for fracture development.
引文
[1]QANBARI F,CLARKSON C R.Rate-transient analysis of liquidrich tight/shale reservoirs using the dynamic drainage area concept:examples from north American reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,39(1):224-236.
[2]丁文龙,王兴华,胡秋嘉,等.致密砂岩储层裂缝研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(7):737-750.DING Wenlong,WANG Xinghua,HU Qiujia,et al.Progress in tight sandstone reservoir fractures research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(7):737-750.
[3]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储集层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11-17.ZENG Lianbo.Fissure and its seepage characteristics in low-permeable sandstone reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(1):11-17.
[4]方世虎,徐怀民,宋岩,等.准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷复合含油气系统特征及其演化[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):259-264.FANG Shihu,XU Huaimin,SONG Yan,et al.Characteristics and evolution of the composite petroleum system in Jimsar depression,eastern Junggar basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(3):259-264.
[5]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相白云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.KUANG Lichun,TANG Yong,LEI Dewen,et al.Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock,Junggar basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):657-667.
[6]王成云,匡立春,高岗,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组泥质岩类生烃潜力差异性分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):385-390.WANG Chengyun,KUANG Lichun,GAO Gang,et al.Difference in hydrocarbon generation potential of the shale source rocks in Jimsar sag,Permian Lucaogou formation[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):385-390.
[7]PATRICK V B,CHAELES R B,GEOFFREY T,et al.Altering wettability to recover more oil from tight formations[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2016,15(5):79-83.
[8]TAHAR A,AHMED A Z,KAMEL B,et al.Magnetic susceptibility and its relation with fractures and petrophysical parameters in the tight sand oil reservoir of Hamra quartzites,southwest of the Hassi Messaoud oil field,Algeria[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2014,123:120-137.
[9]纳尔逊.天然裂缝性储集层地质分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.NELSON.Geologic analyses of naturally fractured reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991.
[10]王震亮.致密岩油的研究进展、存在问题和发展趋势[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):587-595.WANG Zhenliang.Research progress,existing problem and development trend of tight rock oil[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(6):587-595.
[11]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储集层岩石类型及特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1 495-1 507.XI Kelai,CAO Yingchang,ZHU Rukai,et al.Rock types and characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Permian Lucaogou formation,Jimsar sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1 495-1 507.
[12]丁超,王佳玮.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组沉积演化规律[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(3):22-29.DING Chao,WANG Jiawei.Sedimentary development law of Permian Wutonggou formation in Jimsar sag of Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(3):22-29.
[13]邱振,吴晓智,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油资源评价[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1 688-1 698.QIU Zhen,WU Xiaozhi,TANG Yong,et al.Resource assessment of tight oil from the Permian Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag,Junggar basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(9):1 688-1 698.
[14]曾联波,漆家福,王永秀.低渗透储集层构造裂缝的成因类型及其形成地质条件[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):52-56.ZENG Lianbo,QI Jiafu,WANG Yongxiu.Origin type of tectonic fratures and geological conditions in low-permeability reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):52-56.
[15]丁文龙,李超,李春燕,等.页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):212-220.DING Wenlong,LI Chao,LI Chunyan,et al.Dominant factor of fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):212-220.
[16]廖东良,肖立志,张元春.基于矿物组分与断裂韧度的页岩地层脆性指数评价模型[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(4):37-41.LIAO Dongliang,XIAO Lizhi,ZHANG Yuanchun.Evaluation model for shale brittleness index based on mineral content and fracture toughness[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(4):37-41.
[17]李国欣,毛锐,王振林,等.具有埋深校正的岩石静态脆性指数计算方法--以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(5):603-608.LI Guoxing,MAO Rui,WANG Zhenlin,et al.A rock static brittleness index calculation method considering burial depth correction:a case study of Permian Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(5):603-608.
[18]赵明,樊太亮,于炳松,等.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):709-718.ZHAO Ming,FAN Tailiang,YU Bingsong,et al.Ordovician carbonate reservoir fracture characteristics in Tazhong area of Tarim basin[J].Geoscience,2009,23(4):709-718.
[19]高岗,向宝力,王轩,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组湖相混合沉积中缝合线发育与有机质富集研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):1 963-1 969.GAO Gang,XIANG Baoli,WANG Xuan,et al.Stylolite occurrence and organic matter enrichment of the mixed sediments in the Lucaogou formation of the Jimusaer sag in Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):1 963-1 969.
[20]王屿涛,杨作明,马万云,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油地球化学特征及成因[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(4):379-384.WANG Yutao,YANG Zuoming,MA Wanyun,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of tight oil in Lucaogou formation of Jimsar sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(4):379-384.
[21]孟庆峰,侯贵廷,潘文庆,等.岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(3):462-468.MENG Qingfeng,HOU Guiting,PAN Wenqing,et al.Layer thickness controls on surface density of fractal dimension of structural fractures in carbonate strata[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2011,17(3):462-468.
[22]林承焰,梁昌国,任丽华,等.碎屑岩潜山沉积相及其与裂缝发育的关系[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(4):1-6.LIN Chengyan,LIANG Changguo,REN Lihua,et al.Sedimentary facies and relation to degree of fracture development of clastic buried hills[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(4):1-6.
[2]丁文龙,王兴华,胡秋嘉,等.致密砂岩储层裂缝研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(7):737-750.DING Wenlong,WANG Xinghua,HU Qiujia,et al.Progress in tight sandstone reservoir fractures research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(7):737-750.
[3]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储集层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11-17.ZENG Lianbo.Fissure and its seepage characteristics in low-permeable sandstone reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(1):11-17.
[4]方世虎,徐怀民,宋岩,等.准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷复合含油气系统特征及其演化[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):259-264.FANG Shihu,XU Huaimin,SONG Yan,et al.Characteristics and evolution of the composite petroleum system in Jimsar depression,eastern Junggar basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(3):259-264.
[5]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相白云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.KUANG Lichun,TANG Yong,LEI Dewen,et al.Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock,Junggar basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):657-667.
[6]王成云,匡立春,高岗,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组泥质岩类生烃潜力差异性分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):385-390.WANG Chengyun,KUANG Lichun,GAO Gang,et al.Difference in hydrocarbon generation potential of the shale source rocks in Jimsar sag,Permian Lucaogou formation[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):385-390.
[7]PATRICK V B,CHAELES R B,GEOFFREY T,et al.Altering wettability to recover more oil from tight formations[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2016,15(5):79-83.
[8]TAHAR A,AHMED A Z,KAMEL B,et al.Magnetic susceptibility and its relation with fractures and petrophysical parameters in the tight sand oil reservoir of Hamra quartzites,southwest of the Hassi Messaoud oil field,Algeria[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2014,123:120-137.
[9]纳尔逊.天然裂缝性储集层地质分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.NELSON.Geologic analyses of naturally fractured reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991.
[10]王震亮.致密岩油的研究进展、存在问题和发展趋势[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):587-595.WANG Zhenliang.Research progress,existing problem and development trend of tight rock oil[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(6):587-595.
[11]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储集层岩石类型及特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1 495-1 507.XI Kelai,CAO Yingchang,ZHU Rukai,et al.Rock types and characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Permian Lucaogou formation,Jimsar sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1 495-1 507.
[12]丁超,王佳玮.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组沉积演化规律[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(3):22-29.DING Chao,WANG Jiawei.Sedimentary development law of Permian Wutonggou formation in Jimsar sag of Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(3):22-29.
[13]邱振,吴晓智,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油资源评价[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1 688-1 698.QIU Zhen,WU Xiaozhi,TANG Yong,et al.Resource assessment of tight oil from the Permian Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag,Junggar basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(9):1 688-1 698.
[14]曾联波,漆家福,王永秀.低渗透储集层构造裂缝的成因类型及其形成地质条件[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):52-56.ZENG Lianbo,QI Jiafu,WANG Yongxiu.Origin type of tectonic fratures and geological conditions in low-permeability reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):52-56.
[15]丁文龙,李超,李春燕,等.页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):212-220.DING Wenlong,LI Chao,LI Chunyan,et al.Dominant factor of fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):212-220.
[16]廖东良,肖立志,张元春.基于矿物组分与断裂韧度的页岩地层脆性指数评价模型[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(4):37-41.LIAO Dongliang,XIAO Lizhi,ZHANG Yuanchun.Evaluation model for shale brittleness index based on mineral content and fracture toughness[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(4):37-41.
[17]李国欣,毛锐,王振林,等.具有埋深校正的岩石静态脆性指数计算方法--以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(5):603-608.LI Guoxing,MAO Rui,WANG Zhenlin,et al.A rock static brittleness index calculation method considering burial depth correction:a case study of Permian Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(5):603-608.
[18]赵明,樊太亮,于炳松,等.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):709-718.ZHAO Ming,FAN Tailiang,YU Bingsong,et al.Ordovician carbonate reservoir fracture characteristics in Tazhong area of Tarim basin[J].Geoscience,2009,23(4):709-718.
[19]高岗,向宝力,王轩,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组湖相混合沉积中缝合线发育与有机质富集研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):1 963-1 969.GAO Gang,XIANG Baoli,WANG Xuan,et al.Stylolite occurrence and organic matter enrichment of the mixed sediments in the Lucaogou formation of the Jimusaer sag in Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):1 963-1 969.
[20]王屿涛,杨作明,马万云,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油地球化学特征及成因[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(4):379-384.WANG Yutao,YANG Zuoming,MA Wanyun,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of tight oil in Lucaogou formation of Jimsar sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(4):379-384.
[21]孟庆峰,侯贵廷,潘文庆,等.岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(3):462-468.MENG Qingfeng,HOU Guiting,PAN Wenqing,et al.Layer thickness controls on surface density of fractal dimension of structural fractures in carbonate strata[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2011,17(3):462-468.
[22]林承焰,梁昌国,任丽华,等.碎屑岩潜山沉积相及其与裂缝发育的关系[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(4):1-6.LIN Chengyan,LIANG Changguo,REN Lihua,et al.Sedimentary facies and relation to degree of fracture development of clastic buried hills[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(4):1-6.