超声波测量油膜厚度方法误差分析
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摘要
为了获得温度、压力以及数值计算对超声波测量油膜厚度方法的误差影响,本文对2种超声波测量模型:谐振模型和等效弹簧模型开展理论分析。利用泰勒展开式建立了模型中反射率、频率与误差的关系;并基于数值拟合方法得到ISO 4113标准试验油的温度、压力、密度和介质声阻的关系方程,从而求出温度压力对测量结果的影响。研究确定了超声波反射率的合理取值范围,并得出结论:随着温度的升高,油膜厚度计算值减少;随着压力的提高,油膜厚度计算值变大;超声波频率越低,温度和压力的绝对影响越大。
To determine the erroneous effects of temperature,pressure,and numerical calculation on measuring oil film thickness with ultrasound,this study theoretically analyzed two models,namely,resonant model and quasistatic spring model. The relationship among ultrasonic reflection coefficient,incident frequency,and numerical errors was obtained with the method of Taylor series. Using numerical fitting,the formula including the temperature,pressure,density,and dielectric acoustic resistance of normafluid( ISO 4113) was presented to resolve the effect of temperature and pressure on the oil film thickness result. Finally,the rational range of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient was obtained. The calculated oil film thickness decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. The lower the ultrasonic frequency is,the greater the absolute influence of temperature and pressure will be.
To determine the erroneous effects of temperature,pressure,and numerical calculation on measuring oil film thickness with ultrasound,this study theoretically analyzed two models,namely,resonant model and quasistatic spring model. The relationship among ultrasonic reflection coefficient,incident frequency,and numerical errors was obtained with the method of Taylor series. Using numerical fitting,the formula including the temperature,pressure,density,and dielectric acoustic resistance of normafluid( ISO 4113) was presented to resolve the effect of temperature and pressure on the oil film thickness result. Finally,the rational range of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient was obtained. The calculated oil film thickness decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. The lower the ultrasonic frequency is,the greater the absolute influence of temperature and pressure will be.
引文
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[11]张锐,万明习,陈晓,等.超薄弹性层超声反射纵波频域定征方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(4):376-379.ZHANG Rui,WAN Mingxi,CHEN Xiao,et al. Characterization of the ultra-thin elastic layer by ultrasonic longitudinal reflection wave in the frequency domain[J]. Chinese journal of scientific instrument,2001,22(4):376-379.
[12]卢黎明.基于超声波的液体滑动轴承润滑油厚度的测定[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(5):165-168.LU Liming. The measurement of shaft locus of liquid sliding bearing[J]. Lubrication engineering,2007,32(5):165-168.
[13]焦敬品,张强,吴斌,等.机械结构流体层厚度超声测量方法理论研究[J].声学技术,2009,28(3):240-244.JIAO Jingpin,ZHANG Qiang,WU Bin,et al. Theoretical research on thickness measurement of fluid layer in mechanical structure by using ultrasonic technique[J]. Technical acoustics,2009,28(3):240-244.
[14]唐伟坤,马希直.利用反射系数测量油膜厚度的研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(12):44-47.TANG Weikun,MA Xizhi. The research on measuring oil film thickness by reflection coefficients[J]. Lubrication engineering,2010,35(12):44-47.
[15]申洪苗,马希直.薄油膜厚度分布超声测量机制研究[J].润滑与密封,2013,38(5):46-50.SHEN Hongmiao,MA Xizhi. Research on the mechanism for ultrasonic measurement of thin oil-film thickness distribution[J]. Lubrication engineering, 2013, 38(5):46-50.
[16]CHOR AZEWSKI M,DERGAL F,SAWAYA T,et al.Thermophysical properties of normafluid(ISO 4113)over wide pressure and temperature ranges[J]. Fuel,2013,105:440-450.
[2]PARKS II J E,ARMFIELD J S,BARBER T E,et al. In situ measurement of fuel in the cylinder wall oil film of a combustion engine by LIF spectroscopy[J]. Applied spectroscopy,1998,52(1):112-118.
[3]TATTERSALL H G. The ultrasonic pulse-echo technique as applied to adhesion testing[J]. Journal of physics D:applied physics,2002,6(7):819-832.
[4]PARK J R,LEE S K. Liquid film thickness measurement by an ultrasonic pulse echo method[J]. Nuclear engineering and technology,1985,17(1):25-33.
[5]DWYER-JOYCE R S,DRINKWATER B W,DONOHOE C J. The measurement of lubricant-film thickness using ultrasound[J]. Proceedings of the royal society A,2003,459(2032):957-976.
[6]ZHANG Jie,DRINKWATER B W,DWYER-JOYCE R S.Calibration of the ultrasonic lubricant-film thickness measurement technique[J]. Measurement science and echnology,2005,16(9):1784-1791.
[7]ZHANG Jie,DRINKWATER B W. Thin oil-film thickness distribution measurement using ultrasonic arrays[J].NDT&E international,2008,41(8):596-601.
[8]HUNTER A J,DRINKWATER B W,WILCOX P D. Autofocusing ultrasonic imagery for non-destructive testing and evaluation of specimens with complicated geometries[J].NDT&E international,2010,43(2):78-85.
[9]GASNI,D,WAN IBRAHIM,M K,DWYER-JOYCE,R S. Measurement of lubricant film thickness in the Iso-Viscous elastohydrodynamic regime[J]. Tribology international,2011,44(7-8):933-944.
[10]DWYER-JOYCE R S,REDDYHOFF T,ZHU J. Ultrasonic measurement for film thickness and solid contact in elastohydrodynamic lubrication[J]. Journal of tribology,2011,133(3):031501.
[11]张锐,万明习,陈晓,等.超薄弹性层超声反射纵波频域定征方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(4):376-379.ZHANG Rui,WAN Mingxi,CHEN Xiao,et al. Characterization of the ultra-thin elastic layer by ultrasonic longitudinal reflection wave in the frequency domain[J]. Chinese journal of scientific instrument,2001,22(4):376-379.
[12]卢黎明.基于超声波的液体滑动轴承润滑油厚度的测定[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(5):165-168.LU Liming. The measurement of shaft locus of liquid sliding bearing[J]. Lubrication engineering,2007,32(5):165-168.
[13]焦敬品,张强,吴斌,等.机械结构流体层厚度超声测量方法理论研究[J].声学技术,2009,28(3):240-244.JIAO Jingpin,ZHANG Qiang,WU Bin,et al. Theoretical research on thickness measurement of fluid layer in mechanical structure by using ultrasonic technique[J]. Technical acoustics,2009,28(3):240-244.
[14]唐伟坤,马希直.利用反射系数测量油膜厚度的研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(12):44-47.TANG Weikun,MA Xizhi. The research on measuring oil film thickness by reflection coefficients[J]. Lubrication engineering,2010,35(12):44-47.
[15]申洪苗,马希直.薄油膜厚度分布超声测量机制研究[J].润滑与密封,2013,38(5):46-50.SHEN Hongmiao,MA Xizhi. Research on the mechanism for ultrasonic measurement of thin oil-film thickness distribution[J]. Lubrication engineering, 2013, 38(5):46-50.
[16]CHOR AZEWSKI M,DERGAL F,SAWAYA T,et al.Thermophysical properties of normafluid(ISO 4113)over wide pressure and temperature ranges[J]. Fuel,2013,105:440-450.