政府注意力差异化配置对公共政策样态的塑造——以中国生育政策为例
|
摘要
从政府注意力配置焦点与公共政策演进特征的匹配关系出发,识别出政府注意力在持续、转移、波动、加持作用下,政策过程呈现四种样态——政策平衡、断续、碎片、迭代。同时,以中国生育政策为例,对政府注意力与中国生育政策样态的匹配关系进行研究发现:四种政策样态间的转换关系,符合由政策间断到再次均衡的螺旋式上升规律;政府注意力配置方式易于演化为一种政策问题筛选机制,从而产生"信号过滤"和"信息排斥"现象;固有的理念与相对稳定的政策架构,强化了注意力转换钝性,政策均衡得以维持恒定;政策精英在引导政府视线,促成政策样态转换中发挥关键作用,但仍无法脱离倡议范畴,只能对政策形成起到间接作用。研究力图廓清政府注意力差异化配置与公共政策样态的匹配关系、政府注意力资源的动态调整对政策实践的作用机理,对理解和认识公共政策样态的形成和演进过程具有积极意义。
Starting from the matching relationship between the focus of government attention allocation and the evolution characteristics of public policy,it is identified that under the action of continuous,shifting,fluctuating and supportive government attention,the policy process presents four patternspolicy balance,discontinuity,fragmentation and iteration.At the same time,taking China's fertility policy as an example,this paper studies the matching relationship between the government attention and China's fertility policy.It is found that the switching relationship among the four policy patterns accords with the spiral law from policy discontinuity to re-equilibrium,and the allocation of government attention is easy to evolve into a screening mechanism for policy issues,thus the phenomenon of "signal filtering" and "information exclusion" is produced;the inherent idea and the relatively stable policy framework strengthen the bluntness of the shift of attention,and the policy equilibrium is kept constant;the policy elite is guiding the government's vision,which is not separated from the scope of the initiative,playing a key role in promoting the transformation of policy patterns instead of an indirect role in the formation of policies.The study attempts to clarify the matching relationship between differentiated allocation of government attention and public policy patterns,and themechanism of the dynamic adjustment of government attention resources on policy practice,which is of positive significance to understand the formation and evolution process of public policy patterns.
Starting from the matching relationship between the focus of government attention allocation and the evolution characteristics of public policy,it is identified that under the action of continuous,shifting,fluctuating and supportive government attention,the policy process presents four patternspolicy balance,discontinuity,fragmentation and iteration.At the same time,taking China's fertility policy as an example,this paper studies the matching relationship between the government attention and China's fertility policy.It is found that the switching relationship among the four policy patterns accords with the spiral law from policy discontinuity to re-equilibrium,and the allocation of government attention is easy to evolve into a screening mechanism for policy issues,thus the phenomenon of "signal filtering" and "information exclusion" is produced;the inherent idea and the relatively stable policy framework strengthen the bluntness of the shift of attention,and the policy equilibrium is kept constant;the policy elite is guiding the government's vision,which is not separated from the scope of the initiative,playing a key role in promoting the transformation of policy patterns instead of an indirect role in the formation of policies.The study attempts to clarify the matching relationship between differentiated allocation of government attention and public policy patterns,and themechanism of the dynamic adjustment of government attention resources on policy practice,which is of positive significance to understand the formation and evolution process of public policy patterns.
引文
[1]SABATIER P A,WEIBLE C M.Theories of the Policy Process.Boulder[M].CO:Westview Press,2014:2-9.
[2]黄健荣.政府决策注意力资源论析[J].江苏行政学院学报,2010(6):106-107.
[3]JONES B D,BAUMGARTNER F R.The Politics of Attention:How Government Prioritizes Problems[M].Chicago:Baumgartner University of Chicago Press,2005.
[4]蒋文峰,宋潞平.府际关系中的策略选择——基于博弈模型的探讨[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):59-65.
[5]POSNER M I,ROTHBART M K.Research on Attention Networks as a Model for the Integration of Psychological Science[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2007,58(11):1-23.
[6]SIMON H A.Administrative Behavior:A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organizations[M].New York:Macmillan,1947.
[7]赫伯特·西蒙.管理行为学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[8]OCASIO W.Towards an Attention-Based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):187.
[9]约瑟夫·熊彼得.经济发展理论[M].何畏,易家祥,译.北京:商务印书馆,1991.
[10]布赖恩·琼斯:再思民主政治中的决策制定——注意力、选择和公共政策[M].李丹阳,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
[11]李金龙,王英伟.“间断平衡框架”对中国政策过程的解释力研究——以1949年以来户籍政策变迁为例[J].社会科学研究,2018(1):66.
[12]迈克尔·豪利特·拉米什.公共政策研究——政策循环与子系统[M].庞诗,等译.北京:三联书店,2006:326.
[13]GERSICK C J G.Revolutionary Change Theories:A MultilevelExplorationofthePunctuated Equilibrium paradigm[J].Academy of Management Review,1991,16(1):10-36.
[14]ROSE R,DAVIES W.Policy Inheritance in Public Policy:Change without Choice in Great Britain[J].American Political Science Review,1994,89(11):1061.
[15]尹贻梅,刘志高,刘卫东.路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J].地理研究,2012(5):782-791.
[16]JONES B D,BAUMGARTNER F R.A Model of Choice for Public Policy[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2005,15(3):325-351.
[17] SAMUEL W,JONES B D,JOCHIM A E.Information Processing and Policy Dynamics[J].Policy Studies Journal,2009,37(1):75-92.
[18]汤兆云.当代中国人口政策研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2005:50.
[19]田雪原.中国人口政策60年[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:87.
[20]胡肖华,龙亮.行政决策专家论证制度的反思与重构[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5):95-102.
[21]钱再见.基于公共权力的政策过程研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2013:56.
[2]黄健荣.政府决策注意力资源论析[J].江苏行政学院学报,2010(6):106-107.
[3]JONES B D,BAUMGARTNER F R.The Politics of Attention:How Government Prioritizes Problems[M].Chicago:Baumgartner University of Chicago Press,2005.
[4]蒋文峰,宋潞平.府际关系中的策略选择——基于博弈模型的探讨[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):59-65.
[5]POSNER M I,ROTHBART M K.Research on Attention Networks as a Model for the Integration of Psychological Science[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2007,58(11):1-23.
[6]SIMON H A.Administrative Behavior:A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organizations[M].New York:Macmillan,1947.
[7]赫伯特·西蒙.管理行为学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[8]OCASIO W.Towards an Attention-Based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):187.
[9]约瑟夫·熊彼得.经济发展理论[M].何畏,易家祥,译.北京:商务印书馆,1991.
[10]布赖恩·琼斯:再思民主政治中的决策制定——注意力、选择和公共政策[M].李丹阳,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
[11]李金龙,王英伟.“间断平衡框架”对中国政策过程的解释力研究——以1949年以来户籍政策变迁为例[J].社会科学研究,2018(1):66.
[12]迈克尔·豪利特·拉米什.公共政策研究——政策循环与子系统[M].庞诗,等译.北京:三联书店,2006:326.
[13]GERSICK C J G.Revolutionary Change Theories:A MultilevelExplorationofthePunctuated Equilibrium paradigm[J].Academy of Management Review,1991,16(1):10-36.
[14]ROSE R,DAVIES W.Policy Inheritance in Public Policy:Change without Choice in Great Britain[J].American Political Science Review,1994,89(11):1061.
[15]尹贻梅,刘志高,刘卫东.路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J].地理研究,2012(5):782-791.
[16]JONES B D,BAUMGARTNER F R.A Model of Choice for Public Policy[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2005,15(3):325-351.
[17] SAMUEL W,JONES B D,JOCHIM A E.Information Processing and Policy Dynamics[J].Policy Studies Journal,2009,37(1):75-92.
[18]汤兆云.当代中国人口政策研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2005:50.
[19]田雪原.中国人口政策60年[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:87.
[20]胡肖华,龙亮.行政决策专家论证制度的反思与重构[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5):95-102.
[21]钱再见.基于公共权力的政策过程研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2013:56.