不同生境下的象头花光合生理特性探究
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摘要
以象头花(Arisaema franchetianum Engl.)为研究对象,对林缘、林下两种生境中其光合特性进行对比研究,探究象头花对不同生境适应和响应机制。用便携式光合仪Li-6400XT测量两种生境中象头花的光响应曲线,并采用5种光响应模型对其进行拟合,结合测定不同生境下的环境因子及植株长势。结果表明:(1)两种生境中象头花光响应曲线的最适模型均为改进指数模型(2)林缘、林下的光饱和点(LSP)分别为516.405μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、638.500μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别为4.290μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、6.740μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);(3)两种生境中象头花叶片的气孔导度(Cs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、空气温度(Tair)、样品室相对湿度(RH-S)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)与净光合速率(Pn)相关性极为显著(P<0.01);(4)林缘、林下两种生境中的自然环境因子温度、湿度未见显著差异(P>0.05),仅林缘光照显著高于林下光照(P<0.05),但林下植株长势更好。得出如下结论:象头花为阴生植物,适于在林下生长,在实际的自然栽培中林下光照(0.28±0.17%)可作为遮光种植的初步参照。
We took Arisaema franchetianum Engl. as research object to analyze the response and adaptation mechanism under different habitats by comparing photosynthetic characteristics in under-canopy and gap edge. Li-6400 XT, a portable photosynthesis system, was used to measure the photosynthetic light response, and its photosynthesis was fitted by five models.Environmental factors and plant growth were also measured. Results were as follows.(1) The modified exponential model was the optimal model for light response curve in under-canopy and gap edge.(2) The light saturation point(LSP) was 516.405μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) and 638.500 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) respectively in under-canopy and gap edge. The maximum net photosynthetic rates(Pmax)were 4.290 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), 6.740 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) respectively.(3)Pn was obviously related to conductance to H_2 O(Cs), transpiration rate(Tr), air temperature(Tair), relative humidity in the sample cell(RH-S), intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)(P<0.01).(4)In comparison with under-canopy and gap edge, temperature and humidity showed few differences(P>0.05), light intensity in under-canopy was significantly higher than gap edge(P<0.05), while plant grew better in gap edge. The results imply that Arisaema franchetianum Engl. is a shade plant and gap edge is optimal environment. In natural cultivation, the light intensity(0.28±0.17%) in gap edge can be the initial reference to shading cultivation.
We took Arisaema franchetianum Engl. as research object to analyze the response and adaptation mechanism under different habitats by comparing photosynthetic characteristics in under-canopy and gap edge. Li-6400 XT, a portable photosynthesis system, was used to measure the photosynthetic light response, and its photosynthesis was fitted by five models.Environmental factors and plant growth were also measured. Results were as follows.(1) The modified exponential model was the optimal model for light response curve in under-canopy and gap edge.(2) The light saturation point(LSP) was 516.405μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) and 638.500 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) respectively in under-canopy and gap edge. The maximum net photosynthetic rates(Pmax)were 4.290 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), 6.740 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) respectively.(3)Pn was obviously related to conductance to H_2 O(Cs), transpiration rate(Tr), air temperature(Tair), relative humidity in the sample cell(RH-S), intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)(P<0.01).(4)In comparison with under-canopy and gap edge, temperature and humidity showed few differences(P>0.05), light intensity in under-canopy was significantly higher than gap edge(P<0.05), while plant grew better in gap edge. The results imply that Arisaema franchetianum Engl. is a shade plant and gap edge is optimal environment. In natural cultivation, the light intensity(0.28±0.17%) in gap edge can be the initial reference to shading cultivation.
引文
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[13]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2902-2909.
[14]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[15]闫萌萌,王铭伦,王洪波,等.光质对花生幼苗叶片光合色素含量及光合特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):483-487.
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[20]居羚,池玉梅,吴皓,等.超高效液相-高分辨串联质谱分析天南星化学成分[J].亚太传统医药,2016,12(5):45-49.
[21]张帅.药用植物天南星中有效成分的筛选和药理学研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[22]ZHU Liang,DAI Jiali,YANG Li,et al.Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,148(1):311-6.
[23]王中林.天南星高产栽培配套技术[J].科学种养,2017,(6):17-19.
[24]鲜方海,喻晓钢.唐家河国家级自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2011,30(2):17-20.
[25]谌利民,王杰,郑维超,等.唐家河国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(1):1-14.
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[27]CHEN Lei,LI Zhongbin,HUI Cang,et al.A general method for parameter estimation in light-response models[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:27905.
[28]段爱国,张建国.光合作用光响应曲线模型选择及低光强属性界定[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(6):765-771.
[29]段萌,杨伟才,毛晓敏.覆膜和水分亏缺对春小麦光合特性影响及模型比较[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):219-227.
[30]郑成岩,于振文,张永丽,等.土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2260-2271.
[31]韩忠明,王云贺,林红梅,等.吉林不同生境防风夏季光合特性[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4874-4881.
[32]GONZALO C A,MARI A E F N,JAVIER G,et al.Modeling leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate of,Festuca pallescens the dominant perennial grass of Patagonian pine based silvopastoral systems[J].Agroforesty Systems,2011,83:13-24.
[33]靳甜甜,刘国华,胡婵娟,等.黄土高原常见造林树种光合蒸腾特征[J].生态学报,2008(11):5758-5765.
[34]李雅善,李华,王华,等.赤霞珠葡萄光合-光响应曲线拟合模型的比较分析[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(2):20-25.
[35]蔡永萍,李玲,李合生,等.霍山县3种石斛叶片光合特性及其对光强的响应[J].中草药,2005(4):586-590.
[36]侯勤正,叶广继,马小兵,等.青藏高原不同生境下湿生扁蕾(Gentianopsis paludosa)个体大小依赖的繁殖分配[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2686-2694.
[37]ZHANG Zishang,LI Yunting,GAO Huiyang,et al.Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:26963.
[38]冯大兰,黄小辉,耿养会.三峡库区柏木林下半夏的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(11):50-56.
[39]熊慧,马承恩,李乐,等.不同生境条件下蕨类和被子植物的气孔形态特征及其对光强变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(8):868-877.
[40]付忠,谢世清,徐文果,等.不同光照强度下谢君魔芋的光合作用及能量分配特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1177-1188.
[2]周紫鹃,苏培玺,解婷婷,等.不同生境下红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)的生理生化特征及适应性[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1007-1014.
[3]刘鸿雁,谷洪涛,唐志尧,等.中国东部暖温带高山林线乔木的光合作用及其与环境因子的关系[J].山地学报,2002(1):32-36.
[4]赵溪竹,李付鹏,秦晓威,等.椰子间作可可下可可光合日变化与环境因子的关系[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(2):1-4.
[5]侯维海,王建林,旦巴,等.青稞光合作用5种光响应模型的比较分析[J].作物杂志,2017(4):96-104.
[6]王秀伟,毛子军.7个光响应曲线模型对不同植物种的实用性[J].植物研究,2009,29(1):43-48.
[7]王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.干旱胁迫下胡杨光合光响应过程模拟与模型比较[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2315-2324.
[8]余茂蕾,笪文怡,张倚铭,等.葎草光合生理特性的研究[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(1):40-47.
[9]叶子飘,李进省.光合作用对光响应的直角双曲线修正模型和非直角双曲线模型的对比研究[J].井冈山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(3):38-44.
[10]孙赫,赵春梅,代忠迪,等.光合-光响应模型的研究进展[J].林业科技情报,2016,48(4):15-18.
[11]PRADO C H B A,DE MORAES J A P V.Photosynthetic capac-ity and specific leaf mass in twenty woody species of cerrado vegetation under field conditions[J].Photosynthetica,1997,33(1):103-112.
[12]李瑞,文涛,唐艳萍,等.遮阴对大豆幼苗光合和荧光特性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):198-206.
[13]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2902-2909.
[14]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[15]闫萌萌,王铭伦,王洪波,等.光质对花生幼苗叶片光合色素含量及光合特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):483-487.
[16]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编.中国植物志第13卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:106.
[17]南京中医药大学编著.中药大辞典第2版下[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014:2646.
[18]孙红祥,叶益萍.天南星类药材的综合质量评价[J].生物数学学报,2003,(2):243-248.
[19]SU Yao,XU Jin Jin,BI JunLong,et al.Chemical constituents of Arisaema franchetianum tubers[J].Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,2013,15(1):71-77.
[20]居羚,池玉梅,吴皓,等.超高效液相-高分辨串联质谱分析天南星化学成分[J].亚太传统医药,2016,12(5):45-49.
[21]张帅.药用植物天南星中有效成分的筛选和药理学研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[22]ZHU Liang,DAI Jiali,YANG Li,et al.Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,148(1):311-6.
[23]王中林.天南星高产栽培配套技术[J].科学种养,2017,(6):17-19.
[24]鲜方海,喻晓钢.唐家河国家级自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2011,30(2):17-20.
[25]谌利民,王杰,郑维超,等.唐家河国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(1):1-14.
[26]叶子飘,于强.一个光合作用光响应新模型与传统模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(6):771-775.
[27]CHEN Lei,LI Zhongbin,HUI Cang,et al.A general method for parameter estimation in light-response models[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:27905.
[28]段爱国,张建国.光合作用光响应曲线模型选择及低光强属性界定[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(6):765-771.
[29]段萌,杨伟才,毛晓敏.覆膜和水分亏缺对春小麦光合特性影响及模型比较[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):219-227.
[30]郑成岩,于振文,张永丽,等.土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2260-2271.
[31]韩忠明,王云贺,林红梅,等.吉林不同生境防风夏季光合特性[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4874-4881.
[32]GONZALO C A,MARI A E F N,JAVIER G,et al.Modeling leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate of,Festuca pallescens the dominant perennial grass of Patagonian pine based silvopastoral systems[J].Agroforesty Systems,2011,83:13-24.
[33]靳甜甜,刘国华,胡婵娟,等.黄土高原常见造林树种光合蒸腾特征[J].生态学报,2008(11):5758-5765.
[34]李雅善,李华,王华,等.赤霞珠葡萄光合-光响应曲线拟合模型的比较分析[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(2):20-25.
[35]蔡永萍,李玲,李合生,等.霍山县3种石斛叶片光合特性及其对光强的响应[J].中草药,2005(4):586-590.
[36]侯勤正,叶广继,马小兵,等.青藏高原不同生境下湿生扁蕾(Gentianopsis paludosa)个体大小依赖的繁殖分配[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2686-2694.
[37]ZHANG Zishang,LI Yunting,GAO Huiyang,et al.Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:26963.
[38]冯大兰,黄小辉,耿养会.三峡库区柏木林下半夏的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(11):50-56.
[39]熊慧,马承恩,李乐,等.不同生境条件下蕨类和被子植物的气孔形态特征及其对光强变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(8):868-877.
[40]付忠,谢世清,徐文果,等.不同光照强度下谢君魔芋的光合作用及能量分配特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1177-1188.