致密砂岩储层可动流体分布及影响因素研究——以吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组为例
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摘要
明确可动流体含量、分布及影响因素是有效评价致密储层开发潜能的基础。选取准噶尔盆地芦草沟组21块致密砂岩样品,采用核磁共振T_2谱分析和离心实验相结合的方法,测量岩样在不同含水饱和度下的核磁共振T_2谱,并辅以铸体薄片和扫描电镜技术分析储层可动流体含量差异的影响因素。结果表明:储层岩样核磁共振T_2谱主要呈现为5种形态,复杂的储层微观特征和孔喉结构均是导致核磁共振T_2谱形态多样的主要原因;储层建立束缚水饱和度的最佳离心力是400~450 psi,计算得到可动流体饱和度为29.44%~68.92%,平均值为46.69%,不同岩样可动流体含量和分布均有明显差异,可动流体分布的有效孔喉半径下限约为50 nm,储层主流喉道半径为70~200 nm;可动流体含量和物性参数之间的关系表明,对于物性较差的储层,渗透率是决定可动流体含量的主要因素,但对于物性较好的储层,渗透率对可动流体含量的影响较小;孔隙类型、形状及表面粗糙程度均会影响储层束缚水含量和分布;储层次生孔隙的发育程度及分布、孔喉半径大小及连通性、黏土矿物的充填程度及产状和裂缝的发育情况都会对可动流体含量产生影响。该研究成果可为致密储层开发潜力评价提供依据。
Determining the content,distribution and influencing factors of movable fluid is the basis for effective evaluation of the development potential of tight reservoir. 21 samples of tight sandstone reservoirs of Lucaogou Formation in Junggar Basin were selected to measure the NMR T_2 spectrum at different degrees of water saturationby using NMR T_2 spectrum analysis and centrifuge tests,and the influencing factors of the differences in the movable fluid were analyzed by cast thin section and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the T_2 spectrum of reservoir rocks is mainly manifested by five forms,and the complexity of reservoir micro-characteristics and pore throat structure are the main reasons for the various types of NMR T_2 spectrum. The best centrifugal force for tight oil reservoir to make bound water state is 400-450 psi,the saturation of movable fluid is 29.44%-68.92%,and the average value is 46.69%. The content and distribution of the movable fluid in different rock samples are obviously different,and the minimum of pore throat radius of the movable fluid distribution is about50 nm,and the mainstream throat radius is 70-200 nm. The relationship between movable fluid content and physical property shows that for the reservoirs with poor physical properties,the permeability is the main controlling factors,but for the reservoirs with better physical properties,the impact of permeability on the movable fluid content is small. The pore type,shape and surface roughness all affect the content and distribution of the bound water. The development and distribution of secondary pores,the size of pore throat and its connectivity,the filling degree and occurrence of clay minerals and the development of cracks,are the influencing factors of movable fluid content. These results can provide a basis for evaluating the development potential of tight reservoirs.
Determining the content,distribution and influencing factors of movable fluid is the basis for effective evaluation of the development potential of tight reservoir. 21 samples of tight sandstone reservoirs of Lucaogou Formation in Junggar Basin were selected to measure the NMR T_2 spectrum at different degrees of water saturationby using NMR T_2 spectrum analysis and centrifuge tests,and the influencing factors of the differences in the movable fluid were analyzed by cast thin section and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the T_2 spectrum of reservoir rocks is mainly manifested by five forms,and the complexity of reservoir micro-characteristics and pore throat structure are the main reasons for the various types of NMR T_2 spectrum. The best centrifugal force for tight oil reservoir to make bound water state is 400-450 psi,the saturation of movable fluid is 29.44%-68.92%,and the average value is 46.69%. The content and distribution of the movable fluid in different rock samples are obviously different,and the minimum of pore throat radius of the movable fluid distribution is about50 nm,and the mainstream throat radius is 70-200 nm. The relationship between movable fluid content and physical property shows that for the reservoirs with poor physical properties,the permeability is the main controlling factors,but for the reservoirs with better physical properties,the impact of permeability on the movable fluid content is small. The pore type,shape and surface roughness all affect the content and distribution of the bound water. The development and distribution of secondary pores,the size of pore throat and its connectivity,the filling degree and occurrence of clay minerals and the development of cracks,are the influencing factors of movable fluid content. These results can provide a basis for evaluating the development potential of tight reservoirs.
引文
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[5]王为民,郭和坤,叶朝辉.利用核磁共振可动流体评价低渗透油田开发潜力.石油学报,2001,22(6):40-44.WANG W M,GUO H K,YE C H.The evaluation of development potential in low permeability oilfield by the aid of NMR movable fluid detecting technology.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(6):40-44.
[6]叶礼友,高树生,熊伟,等.可动水饱和度作为低渗砂岩气藏储层评价参数的论证.石油天然气学报,2011,33(1):57-59.YE L Y,GAO S S,XIONG W,et al.Demonstration of mobile water saturation as evaluation parameter of low permeability sandstone gas reservoir.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(1):57-59.
[7]李海波,郭和坤,杨正明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区三叠系长7致密油赋存空间.石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):396-400.LI H B,GUO H K,YANG Z M,et al.Tight oil occurrence space of Triassic Chang 7 member in northern Shaanxi area,Ordos Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):396-400.
[8]李海波,郭和坤,周尚文,等.低渗透储层可动剩余油核磁共振分析.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(1):119-127.LI H B,GUO H K,ZHOU S W,et al.NMR analysis of movable remaining oil of low permeability reservoir.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,38(1):119-127.
[9]杨正明,骆雨田,何英,等.致密砂岩油藏流体赋存特征及有效动用研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(3):85-92.YANG Z M,LUO Y T,HE Y,et al.Study on occurrence feature of fluid and effective development in tight sandstone oil reservoir.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2015,37(3):85-92.
[10]周尚文,刘洪林,闫刚,等.中国南方海相页岩储层可动流体及T2截止值核磁共振研究.石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):612-616.ZHOU S W,LIU H L,YAN G,et al.NMR research of movable fluid and T2cutoff of marine shale in South China.Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):612-616.
[11]GAO H,LI H Z.Determination of movable fluid percentage and movable fluid porosity in ultra-low permeability sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,133:258-267.
[12]肖开华,冯动军,李秀鹏.川西新场须四段致密砂岩储层微观孔喉与可动流体变化特征.石油实验地质,2014,36(1):77-82.XIAO K H,FENG D J,LI X P.Micro pore and throat characteristics and movable fluid variation of tight sandstone in 4 th member of Xujiahe Formation,Xinchang Gas Field,western Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(1):77-82.
[13]杨秋莲,李爱琴,孙燕妮,等.超低渗储层分类方法探讨.岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):51-56.YANG Q L,LI A Q,SUN Y N,et al.Classification method for extra-low permeability reservoirs.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(4):51-56.
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[15]喻建,杨孝,李斌,等.致密油储层可动流体饱和度计算方法——以合水地区长7致密油储层为例.石油实验地质,2014,36(6):767-772.YU J,YANG X,LI B,et al.A method of determining movable fluid saturation of tight oil reservoir:a case study of tight oil reservoirs in seventh member of Yanchang Formation in Heshui area.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(6):767-772.
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[17]郑民,李建忠,吴晓智,等.致密储集层原油充注物理模拟——以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例.石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):220.ZHENG M,LI J Z,WU X Z,et al.Physical modeling of oil charging in tight reservoirs:a case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):220.
[18]王晓琦,孙亮,朱如凯,等.利用电子束荷电效应评价致密储集层储集空间——以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例.石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):472-480.WANG X Q,SUN L,ZHU R K,et al.Application of charging effects in evaluating storage space of tight reservoirs:a case study from Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar sag,Junggar Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):472-480.
[19]刘堂宴,王绍民,傅容珊,等.核磁共振谱的岩石孔喉结构分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):328-333.LIU T Y,WANG S M,FU R S,et al.Analysis of rock pore structure with NMR spectra.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(3):328-333.
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