流动人口社会参与的民族差异——基于2014年流动人口动态监测的实证研究
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摘要
随着中国城市化进程的加快,少数民族流动人口的社会参与引起研究者的重视。但现有研究主要以质性研究和区域研究为主,尚无法反应少数民族流动人口社会参与的整体状况。本研究利用卫生计生委2014年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据对流动人口社会参与的民族差异进行考察。研究发现:社会参与是多维的且进程不一的过程,少数民族流动人口与汉族流动人口在社会参与的不同维度上存在差异。具体而言,少数民族流动人口在养老保险等制度性参与方面要显著低于汉族,但少数民族流动人口在同乡会等同质群体参与方面和汉族比却没有显著差别;在社区文体活动等社会活动参与方面少数民族流动人口要弱于汉族。在利用倾向得分匹配法纠正可能的偏误后,所得结果依然稳健。国家应重视社会参与的民族差异,促进民族融合。
With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the social participation of ethnic minority migrants has attracted the attention of researchers. However,the existing research is mainly based on qualitative research and regional research,and it cannot reflect the overall situation of social participation of ethnic minority migrants. This paper investigates the ethnic differences in social participation of migrants by using China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)in 2014. The study found that:social participation is multidimensional and the process of different processes,and there are differences between ethnic minority migrants and the Han migrants. In particular,the migrants of ethnic minorities is significantly lower than that of the Han nationality in terms of institutional participation such as old-age insurance. However,there are no significant differences between the minority population and Han migrants in the Homogenous group participation. And general activities Participation like community sports in the minority population is weaker than the Han population. The results still appear robust after the study corrects the possible bias using the propensity score matching method. The government should pay attention to ethnic differences in social participation and promote ethnic integration.
With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the social participation of ethnic minority migrants has attracted the attention of researchers. However,the existing research is mainly based on qualitative research and regional research,and it cannot reflect the overall situation of social participation of ethnic minority migrants. This paper investigates the ethnic differences in social participation of migrants by using China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)in 2014. The study found that:social participation is multidimensional and the process of different processes,and there are differences between ethnic minority migrants and the Han migrants. In particular,the migrants of ethnic minorities is significantly lower than that of the Han nationality in terms of institutional participation such as old-age insurance. However,there are no significant differences between the minority population and Han migrants in the Homogenous group participation. And general activities Participation like community sports in the minority population is weaker than the Han population. The results still appear robust after the study corrects the possible bias using the propensity score matching method. The government should pay attention to ethnic differences in social participation and promote ethnic integration.
引文
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[24] Entzinger H B,Martiniello M,Catherine W D W. Migration between States and Markets[M]. Ashgate,2004.
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[26]王雄军.中国模式中“强政府”角色定位的影响因素分析[J].探求,2007(2):45-48.
[27]佚名.中国社会保险发展年度报告[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2015.
[28]杨菊华.社会排斥与青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的三重弱势[J].人口研究,2012(5):69-83.
[29]杨菊华,张娇娇.人力资本与流动人口的社会融入[J].人口研究,2016,40(4):3-20.
[30]李强.户籍分层与农民工的社会地位[J].中国党政干部论坛,2002(8):16-19
[31]王春光.农民工的社会流动和社会地位的变化[J].江苏行政学院学报,2003(4):51-56.
[2]段成荣,肖锐,王伊文.我国少数民族流动人口形势分析与展望[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2016(6):104-108.
[3]任远,邬民乐.城市流动人口的社会融合:文献述评[J].人口研究,2006(3):87-94.
[4]张文宏,雷开春.城市新移民社会融合的结构、现状与影响因素分析[J].社会学研究,2008(5):117-141.
[5] Gordon M M. Assimilation in American life:The Role of Race,Religion,and National Origins[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1964.
[6] Junger-Tas J. Ethnic Minorities,Social Integration and Crime[J]. European Journal on Criminal Policy&Research,2001,(1):5-29.
[7]杜鹏,丁志宏,李兵,等.来京人口的就业、权益保障与社会融合[J].人口研究,2005(4):53-61.
[8]何雪松,楼玮群,赵环.服务使用与社会融合:香港新移民的一项探索性研究[J].人口与发展,2009(5):71-78.9 Skocpol T,Fiorina M P. Making Sense of the Civic Engagement Debate[M]//Civic Engagement in American Democracy.1999:1-23.
[10]杨菊华.乡—城流动人口在流入地社会融入指标体系的构建——基于社会融入理论的进一步研究[J].人口与经济,2010(2):64-70.
[11] Putnam R D,Leonardi R,Nanetti R Y. Social capital and institutional success[J]. Making democracy work:Civic traditions in modern Italy,1993(163):185.
[12]総務庁統計局労働力統計課.特集平成8年社会生活基本調査[J].統計,1996,47:33-36.
[13] Desrosiers J,Noreau L,Rochette A. Social Participation of Older Adults in Quebec[J]. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research,2004(5):406-412.
[14] Bukov A,Maas I,Lampert T. Social Participation in Very Old Age[J]. Journals of Gerontology,2002(6):510-517.
[15] Durkheim E. Le suicide:étude de Sociologie[M]. F. Alcan,1897.
[16] Baum J A C,Calabrese T,Silverman B S. Don’t go it alone:Alliance Network Composition and Startups’Performance in Canadian Biotechnology[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000:267-294.
[17]王琛,周大鸣.试论城市少数民族的社会交往与族际交流——以深圳市为例[J].广西民族研究,2004(2):37-42.
[18]李伟梁.少数民族流动人口的城市生存与适应——以武汉市的调研为例[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),2006(5):109-113.
[19]颜咏华,郭志仪.多维视角下甘肃省城市流动人口社会融合研究[J].人口与发展,2015(4):60-66.
[20]周尚意.现代大都市少数民族聚居区如何保持繁荣——从北京牛街回族聚居区空间特点引出的布局思考[J].北京社会科学,1997(1):76-81.
[21]王汉生,杨圣敏.大城市中少数民族流动人口聚居区的形成与演变——北京新疆村调查之二[J].西北民族研究,2008(3):6-16.
[22]王汉生,刘世定,孙立平,等.“浙江村”:中国农民进入城市的一种独特方式[J].社会学研究,1997(1):58-69.
[23]千庆兰,陈颖彪.我国大城市流动人口聚居区初步研究——以北京“浙江村”和广州石牌地区为例[J].城市规划,2003(11):60-64.
[24] Entzinger H B,Martiniello M,Catherine W D W. Migration between States and Markets[M]. Ashgate,2004.
[25]肖昕茹.我国少数民族流动人口社会融合现状研究[J].云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(1):60-65.
[26]王雄军.中国模式中“强政府”角色定位的影响因素分析[J].探求,2007(2):45-48.
[27]佚名.中国社会保险发展年度报告[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2015.
[28]杨菊华.社会排斥与青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的三重弱势[J].人口研究,2012(5):69-83.
[29]杨菊华,张娇娇.人力资本与流动人口的社会融入[J].人口研究,2016,40(4):3-20.
[30]李强.户籍分层与农民工的社会地位[J].中国党政干部论坛,2002(8):16-19
[31]王春光.农民工的社会流动和社会地位的变化[J].江苏行政学院学报,2003(4):51-56.