我国小麦主要病虫害测报技术规范制定方法和改进建议
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摘要
病虫测报技术规范是指导病虫调查监测和预测预报的重要技术基础。本文系统梳理了小麦主要病虫害测报调查技术规范制定情况,从度量要素、系统调查和普查取样方法、发生程度分级指标、预报技术等方面比较分析了各主要病虫害的测报调查技术方法。结合目前基层技术力量减少、病虫多发重发、监测任务繁重,以及智慧测报技术快速发展的形势,提出了进一步推动测报技术标准制修订与应用、促进标准简化的思路和建议。
Technical specification is an important basis for guiding monitoring and forecasting of disease and insect pests.This paper systematically sorted out technical specifications for survey and investigation of wheat major disease and insect pests, and analyzed the technical methods of surveying and reporting from aspects of measurement factors, systematic investigation and field sampling methods, grading indicators of occurrence degree and forecasting technology. Taking into consideration of current reduction of grassroots technical strength, multiple occurrences of disease and insect pests, heavy monitoring tasks, and the rapid development of smart forecasting technology, suggestions on further promotion of revision and application of forecasting technical standards were put forward.
Technical specification is an important basis for guiding monitoring and forecasting of disease and insect pests.This paper systematically sorted out technical specifications for survey and investigation of wheat major disease and insect pests, and analyzed the technical methods of surveying and reporting from aspects of measurement factors, systematic investigation and field sampling methods, grading indicators of occurrence degree and forecasting technology. Taking into consideration of current reduction of grassroots technical strength, multiple occurrences of disease and insect pests, heavy monitoring tasks, and the rapid development of smart forecasting technology, suggestions on further promotion of revision and application of forecasting technical standards were put forward.
引文
[1]中国农业科学院植保保护研究所,中国植物保护学会.中国农作物病虫害(第三版)上册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:296-569.
[2]刘万才,刘振东,黄冲,等.近10年农作物主要病虫害发生危害情况的统计和分析[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):1-9,46.
[3]陈生斗,胡伯海.中国植物保护五十年[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:3-9.
[4]农业部农作物病虫测报总站.农作物主要病虫测报办法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1981.
[5]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国家标准信息查询http://www.gov.cn/fuwu/bzxxcx/bzh.htm[ON/L]
[6]姜玉英.我国农作物害虫测报技术规范制定与应用[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(3):868-873.
[7]国家技术监督局. GB/T 15790~15804-1995.主要农作物病虫测报调查规范[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1996:1-235.
[8]全国农业技术推广服务中心.主要农作物病虫害测报技术规范应用手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2011:1-75.
[9]安徽省植保总站病虫测报站.农作物病虫预测预报办法与技术[M].北京:致公出版社, 1995.
[10]河北省植保总站.河北省农作物鼠害测报技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1993.
[11]江苏省植物保护站.农作物主要病虫害预测预报与防治[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2006.
[12]全国农业技术推广服务中心.农作物有害生物测报技术手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[2]刘万才,刘振东,黄冲,等.近10年农作物主要病虫害发生危害情况的统计和分析[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):1-9,46.
[3]陈生斗,胡伯海.中国植物保护五十年[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:3-9.
[4]农业部农作物病虫测报总站.农作物主要病虫测报办法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1981.
[5]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国家标准信息查询http://www.gov.cn/fuwu/bzxxcx/bzh.htm[ON/L]
[6]姜玉英.我国农作物害虫测报技术规范制定与应用[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(3):868-873.
[7]国家技术监督局. GB/T 15790~15804-1995.主要农作物病虫测报调查规范[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1996:1-235.
[8]全国农业技术推广服务中心.主要农作物病虫害测报技术规范应用手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2011:1-75.
[9]安徽省植保总站病虫测报站.农作物病虫预测预报办法与技术[M].北京:致公出版社, 1995.
[10]河北省植保总站.河北省农作物鼠害测报技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1993.
[11]江苏省植物保护站.农作物主要病虫害预测预报与防治[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2006.
[12]全国农业技术推广服务中心.农作物有害生物测报技术手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.