竖冷设备中烧结矿石偏析行为的GPU高性能模拟
|
摘要
随着钢铁工业流程和技术的不断优化及节能减排要求的不断升级,如何高效回收利用各生产工序中的工业余热成为钢铁工业面临的重要课题.竖冷设备既可以有效回收烧结矿石的显热,大幅提高能源的利用率,又可以有效减少烧结工序中的粉尘,降低烧结工艺的环境污染,因此得到了高度重视.但现有竖冷设备容易出现烧结矿石的偏析问题,严重影响了显热回收的效率和设备运行的稳定性.为此,采用离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)研究竖冷设备中烧结矿石的偏析,重点针对不同结构进料管对烧结矿石偏析的影响.研究发现,虽然缓冲仓内每次加入的烧结矿石皆混合均匀,但由于不同粒径的烧结矿石在进料过程中存在动量差异,导致了竖冷设备内明显的颗粒偏析,在料堆堆尖处呈现小颗粒多大颗粒少的现象,并且料层主体的偏析与进料管的结构密切相关.由于进料管的结构是进料过程的决定性因素,因此提出了通过改变进料管的结构抑制竖冷设备内烧结矿石偏析的可能途径,对提高烧结矿石的显热回收效率具有参考意义.
Energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies are increasingly required in the iron and steel industry,leading to urgent demanding for very efficient methods of the waste heat recovery and dust emission reduction. The vertically arranged sinter cooler is a new and an efficient apparatus to recover the sensible heat and reduce the dust pollution inthe sintering process, which attracts much more attention in recent years. However, the segregation phenomenon is very severe in current design due to the wide diameter distribution of the sinter particles, leading to great reduction of the heat recovery. In order to solve this problem, the structure of the vertically arranged sinter cooler and the operating conditions should be optimized. However, it is very hard to obtain the detailed information of the distribution of the sinter particles in an industrial-scale apparatus. Along with the development in the computer science, the discrete element method(DEM)could provide more and more power for the study of particulate systems, which obtains detailed information of the particles. Thus, DEM is adopted to study the segregation of sinter particles in the vertically arranged sinter cooler. To alleviate the problem of huge computing load, the graphics processing unit(GPU) is adopted to accelerate the DEM simulation. It is found that the inlet tube has significant influence on the distribution of the sinter particles, so that three types of feeding tube structures are designed and tested. Although the sinter particles of different diameters are evenly mixed originally,severe particle segregation occurs in the sinter cooler, where the small and large sinter particles are mostly located at the center and in the periphery regions, respectively. It is obvious that the level of segregation changes with the structure of the feeding tube, which shows that both the number and inclined angle of the feeding tubes will affect the final segregation.The results show that four inlet tubes with small inclined angles are better for tailoring the size distribution of the sinters.So optimization of the structure of the inlet tubes could reduce the segregation of the sinter particles and the efficiency of sensible heat recovery will be improved accordingly.
Energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies are increasingly required in the iron and steel industry,leading to urgent demanding for very efficient methods of the waste heat recovery and dust emission reduction. The vertically arranged sinter cooler is a new and an efficient apparatus to recover the sensible heat and reduce the dust pollution inthe sintering process, which attracts much more attention in recent years. However, the segregation phenomenon is very severe in current design due to the wide diameter distribution of the sinter particles, leading to great reduction of the heat recovery. In order to solve this problem, the structure of the vertically arranged sinter cooler and the operating conditions should be optimized. However, it is very hard to obtain the detailed information of the distribution of the sinter particles in an industrial-scale apparatus. Along with the development in the computer science, the discrete element method(DEM)could provide more and more power for the study of particulate systems, which obtains detailed information of the particles. Thus, DEM is adopted to study the segregation of sinter particles in the vertically arranged sinter cooler. To alleviate the problem of huge computing load, the graphics processing unit(GPU) is adopted to accelerate the DEM simulation. It is found that the inlet tube has significant influence on the distribution of the sinter particles, so that three types of feeding tube structures are designed and tested. Although the sinter particles of different diameters are evenly mixed originally,severe particle segregation occurs in the sinter cooler, where the small and large sinter particles are mostly located at the center and in the periphery regions, respectively. It is obvious that the level of segregation changes with the structure of the feeding tube, which shows that both the number and inclined angle of the feeding tubes will affect the final segregation.The results show that four inlet tubes with small inclined angles are better for tailoring the size distribution of the sinters.So optimization of the structure of the inlet tubes could reduce the segregation of the sinter particles and the efficiency of sensible heat recovery will be improved accordingly.
引文
1黄导.2016年中国钢铁工业节能环保进展情况分析.中国钢铁业,2017,7:12-18(Huang Dao.Analysis on progress of energy saving and environmental protection in China’s iron and steel industry of2016.China Steel,2017,7:12-18(in Chinese))
2王社斌,许并社.钢铁生产节能减排技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2009:22-28(Wang Shebin,Xu Bingshe.Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Technologies in Iron and Steel Production.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:22-28(in Chinese))
3郭森魁,何屏.余热利用.昆明:云南科技出版社,1998:21-27(Guo Senkui,He Ping.Waste Heat Utilization.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1998:21-27(in Chinese))
4张瑞年.浅谈烧结节能降耗的技术途径和措施.烧结球团,2003,28(3):18-20(Zhang Ruinian,Discussion on technical ways and measures of energy saving and consumption reduction in sintering.Sintering and Pelletizing,2003,28(3):18-20(in Chinese))
5蔡九菊,王建军,陈春霞.钢铁企业余热资源的回收与利用.钢铁,2007,42(6):1-7(Cai Jiuju,Wang Jianjun,Chen Chunxia,et al.Recovery and utilization of waste heat resources in iron and steel enterprises.Steel,2007,42(6):1-7(in Chinese))
6董辉,林贺勇,张浩浩.烧结热工测试与分析.钢铁,2011,46(11):93-98(Dong Hui,Lin Heyong,Zhang Haohao.Sintering thermal test and analysis.Steel,2011,46(11):93-98(in Chinese))
7梁中渝.炼铁学.北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:121-127(Liang Zhongyu.Siderology.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:121-127(in Chinese))
8力杰,张浩浩,毛虎军等.球团竖炉的阻力特性研究.工业炉,2010,32(1):1-3(Li Jie,Zhang Haohao,Mao Hujun,et al.Research on resistance characteristics of pellet shaft furnace.Industrial Furnace,2010,32(1):1-3(in Chinese))
9董辉,赵勇,蔡九菊等.烧结-冷却系统的漏风问题.钢铁,2012,47(1):95-99(Dong Hui,Zhao Yong,Cai Jiuju,et al.Air leakage in sintering cooling system.Steel,2012,47(1):95-99(in Chinese))
10蔡九菊,董辉.烧结过程中余热资源分级回收与梯级利用的方法及其装置.中国专利:CN101655320,2010-02-24(Cai Jiuju,Dong Hui.Method and device for gradation recovery and cascade utilization of waste heat resources in sintering process.Chinese Patent:CN101655320,2010-02-24(in Chinese))
11赵斌,路晓雯,张尉然等.烧结余热回收装置强化传热研究进展.冶金能源,2009,28(3):55-58(Zhao Bin,Lu Xiaoxia,Zhang Weiran,et al.Research progress of heat transfer enhancement in sintering waste heat recovery unit.Metallurgical Energy,2009,28(3):55-58(in Chinese))
12 Cundall PA.Computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in block rock systems//Gray J ed.International Proceedings Symposium,Nancy,1971.Paris:Geothechnique Sciences,1971:8-11
13 Cundall PA,Strack ODL.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.Geothechnique,1979,29(30):331-336
14 Ketterhagen WR,Am Ende MT,Hancock BC.Process modeling in the pharmaceutical industry using the discrete element method.Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2009,98(2):442-444
15熊迅,李天密,马棋棋等.石英玻璃圆环高速膨胀碎裂过程的离散元模拟.力学学报,2018,50(3):622-632(Xiong Xun,Li Tianmi,Ma Qiqi,et al.Discrete element simulations of the high velocity expension and fragmentation of qartz glass rings.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(3):622-632(in Chinese))
16钱劲松,陈康为,张磊.粒料固有各向异性的离散元模拟与细观分析.力学学报,2018,50(5):1041-1050(Qian Jinsong,Chen Kangwei,Zhang Lei.Simulation and micro-mechanics analysis of inherent anisotropy of granular by distinct element method.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(5):1041-1050(in Chinese))
17 Hastie DB,Wypych PW.Experimental validation of particle flow through conveyor transfer hoods via continuum and discrete element methods.Mechanics of Materials,2010,42(4):383-394
18 Owen PJ,Cleary PW.Prediction of screw conveyor performance using the discrete element method.Powder Technology,2009,193(3):274-288
19修晨曦,楚锡华.基于微形态模型的颗粒材料中波的频散现象研究.力学学报,2018,50(2):315-328(Xiu Chenxi,Chu Xihua.Study on dispersion behavior and band gap in granular materials based on a micromorphic model.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(2):315-328(in Chinese))
20 Xu J,Qi HB,Fang XJ,et al.Quasi-real-time simulation of rotating drum using discrete element method with parallel GPU computing.Particuology,2011,9(4):446-450
21张欣欣,冯妍卉,徐列.干熄焦工艺技术及其基础研究进展//李文秀编.2004全国能源与热工学术年会论文集(1),全国能源与热工学术年会,昆明,2004:38-39(Zhang Xinxin,Feng Yanhui,Xu Lie.Coke dry quenching technology and its basic research progress//Li Wenxiu ed.Proceedings of The National Annual Conference on Energy and Thermal Engineering in 2004(1),Proceedings of the National Annual Conference on Energy and Thermal Engineering,Kunming,2004:38-39(in Chinese))
22 Zhang JY,Hu ZG,Ge W,et al.Application of the discrete approach to the simulation of size segregation in granular chute flow.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2004,43(18):5521-5528
23 Johnson KL.Contact mechanics.Journal of Tribology,1986,108(4):464-468
24 Mindlin RD,Deresiewicz H.Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces.Journal of Applied Mechanics,1953,20(3):327-344
25 Li YJ,Xu Y,Thornton C.A comparison of discrete element simulations and experiments for‘sandpiles’composed of spherical particles.Powder Technology,2005,160(3):219-228
26孙其诚,王光谦.颗粒物质力学导论.北京:科学出版社,2009:122-127(Sun Qicheng,Wang Guangqian.Introduction to Granular Matter Mechanics.Beijing:Science Press,2009:122-127(in Chinese))
27 Guo ZG,Chen XL,Liu HF,et al.Theoretical and experimental investigation on angle of repose of biomass-coal blends.Fuel,2014,116(1):131-139
28吴爱祥,孙业志.散体动力学理论及其应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:42-47(Wu Aixiang,Sun Yezhi.Granular Dynamics and Application.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2002:42-47(in Chinese))
29 Xu X,Liu XY,Zhang YY.Image-based measurement of particle movement in rotating cylinders.Management Science and Electronic Commerce,2011:4030-4032
30刘小燕,周生健,张小刚.基于图像处理的回转窑物料休止角检测方法.控制工程,2009,16(4):495-500(Liu Xiaoya,Zhou Jiansheng,Zhang Xiaogang.Measurement of repose angle of solids in rotary kilns based on image processing.Control Engineering of China,2009,16(4):495-500(in Chinese))
31邓益兵,杨彦骋,史旦达等.三维离散元大尺度模拟中变粒径方法的优化及其应用.岩土工程学报,2017,39(1):62-70(Deng Yibing,Yan Yancheng,Shi Danda,et al.Optimization and application of variable particle size method in large scale simulation of 3D discrete element.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(1):62-70(in Chinese))
32 Butlanska J,Arroy M,Gens A.Homogeneity and symmetry in dem models of cone penetration.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,43(18):425-428
33 Feng YT,Owen DRJ.Discrete element modelling of large scale particle systems I:exact scaling laws.Computational Particle Mechanics,2014,1(2):159-168
34朱明华,杜屏,刘建波.高炉炉顶料罐装料过程计算及分析//孙业志编.全国大高炉炼铁学术年会论文集,全国大高炉炼铁学术年会,昆明,2013:425-428(Zhu Minghua,Du Ping,Liu Jianbo.Calculation and analysis of charging process for top charging tank of blast furnace//Sun Yezhi ed.National Annual Conference on Blast Furnace Ironmaking(2),National Annual Conference on Blast Furnace Ironmaking,Kunming,2013:425-428(in Chinese))
35邱廷省,吴紧钢.无料钟并罐装料过程的离散单元模拟.计算机与应用化学,2015,32(5):527-533(Qiu Yanxing,Wu Jingang.Discrete element simulation of bell less tank charging process.Computers and Applied Chemistry,2015,32(5):527-533(in Chinese))
2王社斌,许并社.钢铁生产节能减排技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2009:22-28(Wang Shebin,Xu Bingshe.Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Technologies in Iron and Steel Production.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:22-28(in Chinese))
3郭森魁,何屏.余热利用.昆明:云南科技出版社,1998:21-27(Guo Senkui,He Ping.Waste Heat Utilization.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1998:21-27(in Chinese))
4张瑞年.浅谈烧结节能降耗的技术途径和措施.烧结球团,2003,28(3):18-20(Zhang Ruinian,Discussion on technical ways and measures of energy saving and consumption reduction in sintering.Sintering and Pelletizing,2003,28(3):18-20(in Chinese))
5蔡九菊,王建军,陈春霞.钢铁企业余热资源的回收与利用.钢铁,2007,42(6):1-7(Cai Jiuju,Wang Jianjun,Chen Chunxia,et al.Recovery and utilization of waste heat resources in iron and steel enterprises.Steel,2007,42(6):1-7(in Chinese))
6董辉,林贺勇,张浩浩.烧结热工测试与分析.钢铁,2011,46(11):93-98(Dong Hui,Lin Heyong,Zhang Haohao.Sintering thermal test and analysis.Steel,2011,46(11):93-98(in Chinese))
7梁中渝.炼铁学.北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:121-127(Liang Zhongyu.Siderology.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:121-127(in Chinese))
8力杰,张浩浩,毛虎军等.球团竖炉的阻力特性研究.工业炉,2010,32(1):1-3(Li Jie,Zhang Haohao,Mao Hujun,et al.Research on resistance characteristics of pellet shaft furnace.Industrial Furnace,2010,32(1):1-3(in Chinese))
9董辉,赵勇,蔡九菊等.烧结-冷却系统的漏风问题.钢铁,2012,47(1):95-99(Dong Hui,Zhao Yong,Cai Jiuju,et al.Air leakage in sintering cooling system.Steel,2012,47(1):95-99(in Chinese))
10蔡九菊,董辉.烧结过程中余热资源分级回收与梯级利用的方法及其装置.中国专利:CN101655320,2010-02-24(Cai Jiuju,Dong Hui.Method and device for gradation recovery and cascade utilization of waste heat resources in sintering process.Chinese Patent:CN101655320,2010-02-24(in Chinese))
11赵斌,路晓雯,张尉然等.烧结余热回收装置强化传热研究进展.冶金能源,2009,28(3):55-58(Zhao Bin,Lu Xiaoxia,Zhang Weiran,et al.Research progress of heat transfer enhancement in sintering waste heat recovery unit.Metallurgical Energy,2009,28(3):55-58(in Chinese))
12 Cundall PA.Computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in block rock systems//Gray J ed.International Proceedings Symposium,Nancy,1971.Paris:Geothechnique Sciences,1971:8-11
13 Cundall PA,Strack ODL.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.Geothechnique,1979,29(30):331-336
14 Ketterhagen WR,Am Ende MT,Hancock BC.Process modeling in the pharmaceutical industry using the discrete element method.Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2009,98(2):442-444
15熊迅,李天密,马棋棋等.石英玻璃圆环高速膨胀碎裂过程的离散元模拟.力学学报,2018,50(3):622-632(Xiong Xun,Li Tianmi,Ma Qiqi,et al.Discrete element simulations of the high velocity expension and fragmentation of qartz glass rings.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(3):622-632(in Chinese))
16钱劲松,陈康为,张磊.粒料固有各向异性的离散元模拟与细观分析.力学学报,2018,50(5):1041-1050(Qian Jinsong,Chen Kangwei,Zhang Lei.Simulation and micro-mechanics analysis of inherent anisotropy of granular by distinct element method.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(5):1041-1050(in Chinese))
17 Hastie DB,Wypych PW.Experimental validation of particle flow through conveyor transfer hoods via continuum and discrete element methods.Mechanics of Materials,2010,42(4):383-394
18 Owen PJ,Cleary PW.Prediction of screw conveyor performance using the discrete element method.Powder Technology,2009,193(3):274-288
19修晨曦,楚锡华.基于微形态模型的颗粒材料中波的频散现象研究.力学学报,2018,50(2):315-328(Xiu Chenxi,Chu Xihua.Study on dispersion behavior and band gap in granular materials based on a micromorphic model.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(2):315-328(in Chinese))
20 Xu J,Qi HB,Fang XJ,et al.Quasi-real-time simulation of rotating drum using discrete element method with parallel GPU computing.Particuology,2011,9(4):446-450
21张欣欣,冯妍卉,徐列.干熄焦工艺技术及其基础研究进展//李文秀编.2004全国能源与热工学术年会论文集(1),全国能源与热工学术年会,昆明,2004:38-39(Zhang Xinxin,Feng Yanhui,Xu Lie.Coke dry quenching technology and its basic research progress//Li Wenxiu ed.Proceedings of The National Annual Conference on Energy and Thermal Engineering in 2004(1),Proceedings of the National Annual Conference on Energy and Thermal Engineering,Kunming,2004:38-39(in Chinese))
22 Zhang JY,Hu ZG,Ge W,et al.Application of the discrete approach to the simulation of size segregation in granular chute flow.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2004,43(18):5521-5528
23 Johnson KL.Contact mechanics.Journal of Tribology,1986,108(4):464-468
24 Mindlin RD,Deresiewicz H.Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces.Journal of Applied Mechanics,1953,20(3):327-344
25 Li YJ,Xu Y,Thornton C.A comparison of discrete element simulations and experiments for‘sandpiles’composed of spherical particles.Powder Technology,2005,160(3):219-228
26孙其诚,王光谦.颗粒物质力学导论.北京:科学出版社,2009:122-127(Sun Qicheng,Wang Guangqian.Introduction to Granular Matter Mechanics.Beijing:Science Press,2009:122-127(in Chinese))
27 Guo ZG,Chen XL,Liu HF,et al.Theoretical and experimental investigation on angle of repose of biomass-coal blends.Fuel,2014,116(1):131-139
28吴爱祥,孙业志.散体动力学理论及其应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:42-47(Wu Aixiang,Sun Yezhi.Granular Dynamics and Application.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2002:42-47(in Chinese))
29 Xu X,Liu XY,Zhang YY.Image-based measurement of particle movement in rotating cylinders.Management Science and Electronic Commerce,2011:4030-4032
30刘小燕,周生健,张小刚.基于图像处理的回转窑物料休止角检测方法.控制工程,2009,16(4):495-500(Liu Xiaoya,Zhou Jiansheng,Zhang Xiaogang.Measurement of repose angle of solids in rotary kilns based on image processing.Control Engineering of China,2009,16(4):495-500(in Chinese))
31邓益兵,杨彦骋,史旦达等.三维离散元大尺度模拟中变粒径方法的优化及其应用.岩土工程学报,2017,39(1):62-70(Deng Yibing,Yan Yancheng,Shi Danda,et al.Optimization and application of variable particle size method in large scale simulation of 3D discrete element.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(1):62-70(in Chinese))
32 Butlanska J,Arroy M,Gens A.Homogeneity and symmetry in dem models of cone penetration.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,43(18):425-428
33 Feng YT,Owen DRJ.Discrete element modelling of large scale particle systems I:exact scaling laws.Computational Particle Mechanics,2014,1(2):159-168
34朱明华,杜屏,刘建波.高炉炉顶料罐装料过程计算及分析//孙业志编.全国大高炉炼铁学术年会论文集,全国大高炉炼铁学术年会,昆明,2013:425-428(Zhu Minghua,Du Ping,Liu Jianbo.Calculation and analysis of charging process for top charging tank of blast furnace//Sun Yezhi ed.National Annual Conference on Blast Furnace Ironmaking(2),National Annual Conference on Blast Furnace Ironmaking,Kunming,2013:425-428(in Chinese))
35邱廷省,吴紧钢.无料钟并罐装料过程的离散单元模拟.计算机与应用化学,2015,32(5):527-533(Qiu Yanxing,Wu Jingang.Discrete element simulation of bell less tank charging process.Computers and Applied Chemistry,2015,32(5):527-533(in Chinese))