基于岩石物理实验的储层与孔隙流体敏感参数特征——以珠江口盆地东部中—深层碎屑岩储层为例
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摘要
岩石物理实验是研究储层地震响应特征的重要手段,利用实验测试不同类型、含不同孔隙流体岩石样品的岩石物理参数,可为寻找优质储层及烃类流体的敏感性参数提供实验依据。根据珠江口盆地中—深层碎屑岩储层油气勘探的需要,选取珠一坳陷的惠州凹陷、陆丰凹陷和西江主洼,珠二坳陷的白云主洼、白云东洼和番禺低隆起等地区13口井的碎屑岩储层样品,开展了岩石物理参数的实验测试研究。通过地层压力条件下不同岩性、不同物性、不同孔隙流体饱和度的测试分析,得到样品的储层物性特征和岩石物理参数特征及岩样含不同孔隙流体饱和度时的地震响应特征。测试结果表明:岩样具有高孔中渗、中孔中低渗、低孔低渗、特低孔低渗等多种储层物性特征,物性具有明显的差异;岩样纵/横波速度、杨氏模量、剪切模量、体积模量、拉梅常数等岩石物理参数与孔隙度、渗透率、密度之间具有较高的相关度;岩样随着含水饱和度的提高,其拉梅常数、体积模量、泊松比、纵波波阻抗、纵波速度、纵/横波速度比随之增加,变化幅度大,表现出对含水/气、含水/油饱和度的变化比较敏感。岩样的横波速度、横波波阻抗、剪切模量变化较小,表现出对含水/气、含水/油饱和度的变化敏感性较弱。ρf、λρ、λρ·μρ、σ、Zp-Zs等流体识别因子具有很强的气水识别能力,也具有一定的油水识别能力。不同流体识别因子的组合模板,具有较好的识别气、水、油的效果,且识别海相储层孔隙流体的效果明显好于陆相储层。
The rock physical experiment is an important means to study the reservoir seismic response characteristics.The rock physical parameters obtained through experiments of the sandstone samples with different types and pore fluid can provide an experimental basis for calculating the sensitivity parameters of high-quality reservoir and hydrocarbon fluid.As required by oil and gas exploration in middeep clastic reservoirs of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,this study selects the clastic reservoir samples of 13 wells from Huizhou sag,Lufeng sag and Xijiang main subsag of the Zhu-1 depression as well as Baiyun main subsag,Baiyun east subsag and Panyu low uplift of the Zhu-2 depression to carry out the tests of rock physical parameters.Based on the tests and analysis of different lithologies,physical properties and pore fluid saturation under the formation pressure,the reservoir physical properties,rock physical parameter characteristics and the seismic response characteristics of rock samples with different pore fluid saturation were obtained.The test results show that the rock samples are characterized by high porosity-medium permeability,medium porosity-medium low permeability,low porosity-low permeability and ultra-low porosity-low permeability,showing quite different physical properties.The petrophysical parameters have a high degree of correlation with porosity,permeability and density,including the rock P/S wave velocity,Young's modulus,shear modulus,bulk modulus,Lame constant and so on.With the increase of water saturation in rock samples,the Lame constant,bulk modulus,Poisson's ratio,P-wave impedance,P-wave velocity and P/S wave velocity ratio are increased accordingly with a large amplitude,indicating a certain degree of sensitivity to the changes of water/gas and water/oil saturation;the rock S-wave velocity,S-wave impedance and shear modulus change little,showing the weak sensitivity to the changes of water/gas and water/oil saturation.ρf,λρ,λρ·μρ,σ,Zp-Zsand other fluid identification factors present very strong gas and water identification ability,and also certain oil and water identification ability.The combination of different fluid identification factors can achieve good effects during gas,water and oil identification.The effect of identification on the pore fluid of marine reservoir is significantly superior to that on the continental reservoir.
The rock physical experiment is an important means to study the reservoir seismic response characteristics.The rock physical parameters obtained through experiments of the sandstone samples with different types and pore fluid can provide an experimental basis for calculating the sensitivity parameters of high-quality reservoir and hydrocarbon fluid.As required by oil and gas exploration in middeep clastic reservoirs of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,this study selects the clastic reservoir samples of 13 wells from Huizhou sag,Lufeng sag and Xijiang main subsag of the Zhu-1 depression as well as Baiyun main subsag,Baiyun east subsag and Panyu low uplift of the Zhu-2 depression to carry out the tests of rock physical parameters.Based on the tests and analysis of different lithologies,physical properties and pore fluid saturation under the formation pressure,the reservoir physical properties,rock physical parameter characteristics and the seismic response characteristics of rock samples with different pore fluid saturation were obtained.The test results show that the rock samples are characterized by high porosity-medium permeability,medium porosity-medium low permeability,low porosity-low permeability and ultra-low porosity-low permeability,showing quite different physical properties.The petrophysical parameters have a high degree of correlation with porosity,permeability and density,including the rock P/S wave velocity,Young's modulus,shear modulus,bulk modulus,Lame constant and so on.With the increase of water saturation in rock samples,the Lame constant,bulk modulus,Poisson's ratio,P-wave impedance,P-wave velocity and P/S wave velocity ratio are increased accordingly with a large amplitude,indicating a certain degree of sensitivity to the changes of water/gas and water/oil saturation;the rock S-wave velocity,S-wave impedance and shear modulus change little,showing the weak sensitivity to the changes of water/gas and water/oil saturation.ρf,λρ,λρ·μρ,σ,Zp-Zsand other fluid identification factors present very strong gas and water identification ability,and also certain oil and water identification ability.The combination of different fluid identification factors can achieve good effects during gas,water and oil identification.The effect of identification on the pore fluid of marine reservoir is significantly superior to that on the continental reservoir.
引文
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[11]马中高,周枫,赵群.鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组致密砂岩的弹性特征[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1001-1006.MA Zhonggao,ZHOU Feng,ZHAO Qun.Elastic properties of tight sands in the Lower Shihezi Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1001-1006.
[12]杨敏,李明,李艳东,等.优化岩石物理模型以提高横波速度预测精度[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2013,35(7):74-77.YANG Min,LI Ming,LI Yandong,et al.Prediction of shear wave velocity by using optimized rock physics models[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2013,35(7):74-77.
[13]印兴耀,李龙.基于岩石物理模型的纵、横波速度反演方法[J].石油物探,2015,54(3):249-253.YIN Xingyao,LI Long.P-wave and S-wave velocities inversion based on rock physics model[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(3):249-253.
[14]熊晓军,吕文正,周东红,等.岩石物理测试分析的Vp-Vs关系式的适用性分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1941-1945.XIONG Xiaojun,LV Wenzheng,ZHOU Donghong,et al.The rock physical analysis to test the applicability of the analysis of Vp-Vs relationship[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1941-1945.
[15]BATZLE M,WANG Zhijing.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396-1408.
[16]张祖豪,林凯,贺锡雷.基于SC-Gassmann模型的纵横波速度预测[J].物探化探计算技术,2017,39(2):248-252.ZHANG Zuhao,LIN Kai,HE Xilei.Waves velocity prediction based on self-consistent model[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(2):248-252.
[17]张平平,周东红,彭刚.基于岩心测试的中深层储层敏感因子反演技术[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2041-2047.ZHANG Pingping,ZHOU Donghong,PENG Gang.Invertion of sensitive factor for middle deep reservoir Based on core sample[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(5):2041-2047.
[18]彭刚,周东红,张平平,等.基于岩心测试的岩石物理参数敏感性分析——以沙南凹陷古近系不同相带碎屑岩为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(3):57-61.PENG Gang,ZHOU Donghong,ZHANG Pingping,et al.Rock physical sensitivity analysis based on core sample testing:a case of Paleogene clasolite reservoir under different sedimentary environments in Shanan sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(3):57-61.
[19]GOODWAY W,CHEN T W,DOWNTON J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysical parameters;“λρ”,μρ,λμFluid Stack”,from P and S inversion[C]∥1997 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1997:183-186.
[20]RUSSELL B H,HEDLIN K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluidproperty discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[21]周水生,宜伟,郝召兵,等.基于叠前反演的流体敏感属性实验研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1985-1992.ZHOU Shuisheng,YI Wei,HAO Zhaobing,et al.Experiment research and application of fluid sensitive attributes based on the prestack inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):1985-1992.
[22]张振波,轩义华,刘宾,等.南海东部白云深水区复杂地层精细岩石物理分析[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):43-48.ZHANG Zhenbo,XUAN Yihua,LIU Bin,et al.Fine petrophysical analysis on complex formation in Baiyun deep water area of eastern South China Sea[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(1):43-48.
[2]刘强虎,朱红涛,舒誉,等.珠江口盆地恩平凹陷古近系恩平组物源体系及其对滩坝的控制[J].石油学报,2015,36(3):286-299.LIU Qianghu,ZHU Hongtao,SHU Yu,et al.Provenance systems and their control on the beach-bar of Paleogene Enping Formation,Enping sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(3):286-299.
[3]陈国俊,吕成福,王琪,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):566-572.CHEN Guojun,LV Chengfu,WANG Qi,et al.Characteristics of pore evolution and its controlling factors of Baiyun Sag in deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):566-572.
[4]贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛.裂缝油气藏地球物理预测[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007:1-302.HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji,WEN Xiaotao.Geophysical prediction of fractured oil and gas reservoirs[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2007:1-302.
[5]文晓涛,黄德济.礁滩储层地震识别[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-238.WEN Xiaotao,HUANG Deji.Seismic prediction of reef-bank reservoirs[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-238.
[6]曹均,徐敏,贺振华,等.礁灰岩储层孔隙流体敏感性参数分析——以阿姆河右岸区块生物礁储层为例[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):37-40.CAO Jun,XU Min,HE Zhenhua,et al.An analysis of pore fluid sensitivity parameters in reef limestone reservoirs:An example from Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reef reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block,Turkmenistan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(5):37-40.
[7]徐敏,刘克难,李瑞,等.岩石物理试验分析在地震响应研究中的应用——以AMH地区卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩生物礁储层为例[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):64-70.XU Min,LIU Kenan,LI Rui,et al.Application of rock physical experimental study in seismic response analysis——an example from Callovian-Oxfordian stage carbonate reef reservoir in AMHarea[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(5):64-70.
[8]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0217-2005石油天然气储量计算规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China.DZ/T0217-2005 Regulation of petroleum reserves estimation[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2005.
[9]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Mavko G.Quantitative seismic interpretation:applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2005:1-359.
[10]陈恭洋,周艳丽,胡勇.碎屑岩储层岩石物理特征及岩性解释方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(2):21-27.CHEN Gongyang,ZHOU Yanli,HU Yong.The petrophysics characterization of clastic reservoir and the methods of lithology[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2011,33(2):21-27.
[11]马中高,周枫,赵群.鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组致密砂岩的弹性特征[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1001-1006.MA Zhonggao,ZHOU Feng,ZHAO Qun.Elastic properties of tight sands in the Lower Shihezi Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1001-1006.
[12]杨敏,李明,李艳东,等.优化岩石物理模型以提高横波速度预测精度[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2013,35(7):74-77.YANG Min,LI Ming,LI Yandong,et al.Prediction of shear wave velocity by using optimized rock physics models[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2013,35(7):74-77.
[13]印兴耀,李龙.基于岩石物理模型的纵、横波速度反演方法[J].石油物探,2015,54(3):249-253.YIN Xingyao,LI Long.P-wave and S-wave velocities inversion based on rock physics model[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(3):249-253.
[14]熊晓军,吕文正,周东红,等.岩石物理测试分析的Vp-Vs关系式的适用性分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1941-1945.XIONG Xiaojun,LV Wenzheng,ZHOU Donghong,et al.The rock physical analysis to test the applicability of the analysis of Vp-Vs relationship[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1941-1945.
[15]BATZLE M,WANG Zhijing.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396-1408.
[16]张祖豪,林凯,贺锡雷.基于SC-Gassmann模型的纵横波速度预测[J].物探化探计算技术,2017,39(2):248-252.ZHANG Zuhao,LIN Kai,HE Xilei.Waves velocity prediction based on self-consistent model[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(2):248-252.
[17]张平平,周东红,彭刚.基于岩心测试的中深层储层敏感因子反演技术[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2041-2047.ZHANG Pingping,ZHOU Donghong,PENG Gang.Invertion of sensitive factor for middle deep reservoir Based on core sample[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(5):2041-2047.
[18]彭刚,周东红,张平平,等.基于岩心测试的岩石物理参数敏感性分析——以沙南凹陷古近系不同相带碎屑岩为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(3):57-61.PENG Gang,ZHOU Donghong,ZHANG Pingping,et al.Rock physical sensitivity analysis based on core sample testing:a case of Paleogene clasolite reservoir under different sedimentary environments in Shanan sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(3):57-61.
[19]GOODWAY W,CHEN T W,DOWNTON J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysical parameters;“λρ”,μρ,λμFluid Stack”,from P and S inversion[C]∥1997 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1997:183-186.
[20]RUSSELL B H,HEDLIN K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluidproperty discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[21]周水生,宜伟,郝召兵,等.基于叠前反演的流体敏感属性实验研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1985-1992.ZHOU Shuisheng,YI Wei,HAO Zhaobing,et al.Experiment research and application of fluid sensitive attributes based on the prestack inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):1985-1992.
[22]张振波,轩义华,刘宾,等.南海东部白云深水区复杂地层精细岩石物理分析[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):43-48.ZHANG Zhenbo,XUAN Yihua,LIU Bin,et al.Fine petrophysical analysis on complex formation in Baiyun deep water area of eastern South China Sea[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(1):43-48.