东南亚海上安全治理困境及中国的策略选择——基于“总体国家安全观”分析路径
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摘要
现有的安全治理理论大多来自西方的经验,难以适用于东南亚海上安全问题的治理。中国"总体国家安全观"中所体现出的安全治理新理念可为东南亚海上安全治理提供新思路。目前在东南亚海上安全治理中,非国家行为体与国家行为体互相竞争,国内发展水平与治理能力要求严重脱节,传统安全与非传统安全治理交织冲突,自身安全与地区安全相互依存理念缺失,这些导致东南亚海上安全治理陷入困境。中国当以"总体国家安全观"为指导,以一种整体的、系统的视角积极参与东南亚海上安全治理,为破解东南亚海上安全治理困境提供中国方案。
There are some difficulties in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia:The competition between non-state actors and state actors,the disconnection between domestic development level and governance capacity requirements,the intertwining and conflicts between traditional security governance and non-traditional security governance,and lacking of concept of mutual dependence of state security and regional security.All of these have led to poor governance in Southeast Asian sea.Guided by the "overall national security concept" ,China should actively participate in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia from a holistic and systematic perspective,and provide China’s solution for resolving the hard problems in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia.
There are some difficulties in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia:The competition between non-state actors and state actors,the disconnection between domestic development level and governance capacity requirements,the intertwining and conflicts between traditional security governance and non-traditional security governance,and lacking of concept of mutual dependence of state security and regional security.All of these have led to poor governance in Southeast Asian sea.Guided by the "overall national security concept" ,China should actively participate in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia from a holistic and systematic perspective,and provide China’s solution for resolving the hard problems in the governance of maritime security in Southeast Asia.
引文
(1)奥巴马政府时期,美国斥巨资援助东南亚国家海事安全,深度介入南海问题。在美国的引导下,日本、澳大利亚、印度等国也积极介入东南亚海上安全问题。其结果是该海域大国竞争日趋激烈,南海争端不断激化,安全形势趋向恶化。
(2)(5)参见王伟光:《把治理引入国家安全领域---安全治理研究评介》,《国际关系研究》2014年第1期。
(3)(4)(25)(59)Liss,Carolin.“The Privatization of Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:The Impact on Regional Security Cooperation.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 68,no.2(2014):204,205、206,202,198.
(6)崔顺姬、余潇枫:《安全治理:非传统安全能力建设的新范式》,《世界经济与政治》2010年第1期,第96页。
(7)富里奥·塞鲁蒂:《全球治理的两个挑战:哲学的视角》,朱立群、富里奥·塞鲁蒂、卢静主编:《全球治理:挑战与趋势》,社会科学文献出版社,2014年,第5页。
(8)(11)金新:《中国-东盟安全治理:模式、困境与出路》,《当代世界与社会主义》2016年第5期。
(9)(16)现代院课题组:《太平洋足够宽广---关于构建‘跨太平洋安全合作架构’的思考》,《现代国际关系》2014年第10期。
(10)(27)(28)(45)(60)(62)Huang,Major Victor.“Building Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Outsiders not Welcome?.”Naval War College Review 61,no.1(2008):96,90,90,91,91,98.
(12)Storey,Ian.“Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Two Cheers for Regional Cooperation.”Southeast Asian Affairs,2009;Liss,Carolin.“The Privatization of Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:The Impact on Regional Security Cooperation.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 68,no.2(2014).
(13)庞中英:《地区安全治理的未来:走向亚洲协调》,《国际安全研究》2016年第5期。
(14)王磊、郑先武:《大国协调与跨区域安全治理》,《国际安全研究》2014年第1期。
(15)余潇枫、王梦婷:《非传统安全共同体:一种跨国安全治理的新探索》,《国际安全研究》2017年第1期。
(17)(32)(33)(53)(55)Bradford,Lieutenant John F.“The Growing Prospects for Maritime Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia.”Naval War College Review 58,no.3(2005):77,77,78,73,71-72.
(18)Ishii,Yurika.“International Cooperation on the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea under the UNCLOS.”Journal of East Asia&International Law7,no.2(2014):337.
(19)Jayasuriya,Kanishka.“Regulatory Regionalism in the Asia Pacific:Drivers,Instruments and Actors.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 63,no.3(2009):335-347.
(20)《总体国家安全观干部读本》编委会:《总体国家安全观干部读本》,北京:人民出版社2016年,第21页。
(21)习近平在亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议第四次峰会上的讲话,http://cpc.people.com.cn/n/2014/0521/c164113-25046170.html
(22)习近平:《坚持总体国家安全观走中国特色国家安全道路》,《人民日报》2014年4月16日。
(23)高奇琦:《社群世界主义:全球治理与国家治理互动的分析框架》,《世界经济与政治》2016年第11期,第25页。
(24)(26)(30)(40)(41)(44)(48)(49)(68)Liss,Carolin.“New Actors and the State:Addressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia.”Contemporary Southeast Asia 35,no.2(2013):153,156,148,158,158,149,149,149,152.
(29)(31)(38)(43)(51)Storey,Ian.Addressing the Persistent Problem of Piracy and Sea Robbery in Southeast Asia,https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2016_30.pdf.
(34)Brewster,David.“Indias Security Partnership with Singapore.”The Pacific Review22,no.5(2009):606-607.
(35)(37)(52)(63)(64)(69)Williams,Meryl J.“Will New Multilateral Arrangements Help Southeast Asian States Solve Illegal Fishing?.”Contemporary Southeast Asia 35.no.2(2013):270-271,271-272,259,262,263,276.
(36)“东南亚捕鱼发展中心”是由日本和东南亚国家于1967年建立,其目的是通过研究、培训和信息服务在东南亚地区促进可持续渔业发展。其人员是来自东南亚和日本的科学家和专家。最初是日本提供资金资助,后来则主要由东南亚国家承担,也吸收一些来自东盟、澳大利亚、瑞典等国家和机构的项目基金资助。
(39)Rosenberg,David.“Fisheries Management in the South China Sea.”In Sam Bateman and Ralf Emmers,eds.,Security and International Politics in the South China Sea:Towards a Cooperative Management Regime,72.Routledge,2009.
(42)(46)(58)Dabova,E.L.Non-traditional Security Threats in the Border Areas:Terrorism,Piracy,Environmental Degradation in Southeast Asian Maritime Domain,https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-4-W3/51/2013/isprsarchives-XL-4-W3-51-2013.pdf.
(47)Romeyoy,Robert,John Parks,Kitty Courtrey,and Nives Mattich.“Improving Marine Fisheries Management in Southeast Asia:Results of a Regional Fisheries Stakeholder Analysis.”Marine Policy65(2016):20.
(54)Bateman,Sam.“The Prospects for a Cooperative Management Regime.”In Sam Bateman and Ralf Emmers,eds.,Security and International Politics in the South China Sea:Towards a Cooperative Management Regime,236.Routledge,2009.
(56)Banlaoi,Rommel C.“Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia:The Abu Sayyaf Threat.”Naval War College Review58,no.4(2005):72.
(57)仰光彭博电:罗兴亚人道危机或威胁区域安全,http://www.zaobao.com/news/sea/story20170918-796076.
(61)Storey,Ian.“Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Two Cheers for Regional Cooperation.”Southeast Asian Affairs,2009:44-45.
(65)Clive,Schofield,and Ian Storey.“Energy Security and Southeast Asia:The Impact on Maritime Boundary and Territorial Disputes.”Harvard Asia Quarterly 9,no.4(2005):38-39.
(66)(67)ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint,http://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/5187-18.pdf.
(2)(5)参见王伟光:《把治理引入国家安全领域---安全治理研究评介》,《国际关系研究》2014年第1期。
(3)(4)(25)(59)Liss,Carolin.“The Privatization of Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:The Impact on Regional Security Cooperation.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 68,no.2(2014):204,205、206,202,198.
(6)崔顺姬、余潇枫:《安全治理:非传统安全能力建设的新范式》,《世界经济与政治》2010年第1期,第96页。
(7)富里奥·塞鲁蒂:《全球治理的两个挑战:哲学的视角》,朱立群、富里奥·塞鲁蒂、卢静主编:《全球治理:挑战与趋势》,社会科学文献出版社,2014年,第5页。
(8)(11)金新:《中国-东盟安全治理:模式、困境与出路》,《当代世界与社会主义》2016年第5期。
(9)(16)现代院课题组:《太平洋足够宽广---关于构建‘跨太平洋安全合作架构’的思考》,《现代国际关系》2014年第10期。
(10)(27)(28)(45)(60)(62)Huang,Major Victor.“Building Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Outsiders not Welcome?.”Naval War College Review 61,no.1(2008):96,90,90,91,91,98.
(12)Storey,Ian.“Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Two Cheers for Regional Cooperation.”Southeast Asian Affairs,2009;Liss,Carolin.“The Privatization of Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:The Impact on Regional Security Cooperation.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 68,no.2(2014).
(13)庞中英:《地区安全治理的未来:走向亚洲协调》,《国际安全研究》2016年第5期。
(14)王磊、郑先武:《大国协调与跨区域安全治理》,《国际安全研究》2014年第1期。
(15)余潇枫、王梦婷:《非传统安全共同体:一种跨国安全治理的新探索》,《国际安全研究》2017年第1期。
(17)(32)(33)(53)(55)Bradford,Lieutenant John F.“The Growing Prospects for Maritime Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia.”Naval War College Review 58,no.3(2005):77,77,78,73,71-72.
(18)Ishii,Yurika.“International Cooperation on the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea under the UNCLOS.”Journal of East Asia&International Law7,no.2(2014):337.
(19)Jayasuriya,Kanishka.“Regulatory Regionalism in the Asia Pacific:Drivers,Instruments and Actors.”Australian Journal of International Affairs 63,no.3(2009):335-347.
(20)《总体国家安全观干部读本》编委会:《总体国家安全观干部读本》,北京:人民出版社2016年,第21页。
(21)习近平在亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议第四次峰会上的讲话,http://cpc.people.com.cn/n/2014/0521/c164113-25046170.html
(22)习近平:《坚持总体国家安全观走中国特色国家安全道路》,《人民日报》2014年4月16日。
(23)高奇琦:《社群世界主义:全球治理与国家治理互动的分析框架》,《世界经济与政治》2016年第11期,第25页。
(24)(26)(30)(40)(41)(44)(48)(49)(68)Liss,Carolin.“New Actors and the State:Addressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia.”Contemporary Southeast Asia 35,no.2(2013):153,156,148,158,158,149,149,149,152.
(29)(31)(38)(43)(51)Storey,Ian.Addressing the Persistent Problem of Piracy and Sea Robbery in Southeast Asia,https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2016_30.pdf.
(34)Brewster,David.“Indias Security Partnership with Singapore.”The Pacific Review22,no.5(2009):606-607.
(35)(37)(52)(63)(64)(69)Williams,Meryl J.“Will New Multilateral Arrangements Help Southeast Asian States Solve Illegal Fishing?.”Contemporary Southeast Asia 35.no.2(2013):270-271,271-272,259,262,263,276.
(36)“东南亚捕鱼发展中心”是由日本和东南亚国家于1967年建立,其目的是通过研究、培训和信息服务在东南亚地区促进可持续渔业发展。其人员是来自东南亚和日本的科学家和专家。最初是日本提供资金资助,后来则主要由东南亚国家承担,也吸收一些来自东盟、澳大利亚、瑞典等国家和机构的项目基金资助。
(39)Rosenberg,David.“Fisheries Management in the South China Sea.”In Sam Bateman and Ralf Emmers,eds.,Security and International Politics in the South China Sea:Towards a Cooperative Management Regime,72.Routledge,2009.
(42)(46)(58)Dabova,E.L.Non-traditional Security Threats in the Border Areas:Terrorism,Piracy,Environmental Degradation in Southeast Asian Maritime Domain,https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-4-W3/51/2013/isprsarchives-XL-4-W3-51-2013.pdf.
(47)Romeyoy,Robert,John Parks,Kitty Courtrey,and Nives Mattich.“Improving Marine Fisheries Management in Southeast Asia:Results of a Regional Fisheries Stakeholder Analysis.”Marine Policy65(2016):20.
(54)Bateman,Sam.“The Prospects for a Cooperative Management Regime.”In Sam Bateman and Ralf Emmers,eds.,Security and International Politics in the South China Sea:Towards a Cooperative Management Regime,236.Routledge,2009.
(56)Banlaoi,Rommel C.“Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia:The Abu Sayyaf Threat.”Naval War College Review58,no.4(2005):72.
(57)仰光彭博电:罗兴亚人道危机或威胁区域安全,http://www.zaobao.com/news/sea/story20170918-796076.
(61)Storey,Ian.“Maritime Security in Southeast Asia:Two Cheers for Regional Cooperation.”Southeast Asian Affairs,2009:44-45.
(65)Clive,Schofield,and Ian Storey.“Energy Security and Southeast Asia:The Impact on Maritime Boundary and Territorial Disputes.”Harvard Asia Quarterly 9,no.4(2005):38-39.
(66)(67)ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint,http://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/5187-18.pdf.