中国海上地震勘探技术新进展
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摘要
中国海上油气勘探开发正面临着从浅层目标向中深层、由构造油气藏向复杂岩性油气藏转移的新形势和新任务,勘探难度的不断增大,对地震勘探技术提出了更高的要求。针对中国海洋油气勘探开发的迫切需求,在全面分析深水油气勘探面临问题的基础上,总结了中国海上地震勘探技术的新进展:在地震采集方面,研发了高精度拖缆采集装备和"犁式"宽频地震采集技术等;在地震处理解释技术方面,研发了τ-p域"犁式"宽频数据鬼波压制技术、宽频数据逆时偏移成像技术等;在开发地震方面,研发了海上时移地震关键处理解释技术等,尤其是在海上"犁式"宽频地震勘探技术和海上时移地震技术两个方面取得了突破性进展,为中国能源供应的重要接替区—南海深水区油气勘探开发提供了技术支撑,为实现中国海上油气勘探增储上产提供了技术保障。
The exploration and development of oil and gas in China's offshore regions is marked by new challenges because targets are changing from shallow to deeper reservoirs and from structural to complex lithologic reservoirs.Increasing difficulty in exploration demands advanced seismic exploration technologies.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of deepwater oil and gas exploration,several new technological advancements are reviewed in this study.For seismic acquisition,high precision streamer acquisition equipment and the"plow"broadband seismic acquisition technology stand out.For seismic processing and interpretation,τ-pdomain deghosting and reverse time migration technologies for broadband seismic data are investigated.For development seismology,marine time-lapse seismic technology,etc.,are considered.In particular,breakthrough progress occurred in the fields of marine broadband seismic exploration technology and marine time-lapse seismic technology.Both play an important role in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the deepwater fields of the South China Sea,which is the main energy supplying region of China,and provide technical support for the growing exploration and production of offshore oil and gas reserves.
The exploration and development of oil and gas in China's offshore regions is marked by new challenges because targets are changing from shallow to deeper reservoirs and from structural to complex lithologic reservoirs.Increasing difficulty in exploration demands advanced seismic exploration technologies.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of deepwater oil and gas exploration,several new technological advancements are reviewed in this study.For seismic acquisition,high precision streamer acquisition equipment and the"plow"broadband seismic acquisition technology stand out.For seismic processing and interpretation,τ-pdomain deghosting and reverse time migration technologies for broadband seismic data are investigated.For development seismology,marine time-lapse seismic technology,etc.,are considered.In particular,breakthrough progress occurred in the fields of marine broadband seismic exploration technology and marine time-lapse seismic technology.Both play an important role in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the deepwater fields of the South China Sea,which is the main energy supplying region of China,and provide technical support for the growing exploration and production of offshore oil and gas reserves.
引文
[1]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1059-1064ZHU W L.Some key geological issues on oil and gas exploration in the northern deepwater area of the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1059-1064
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[3]李绪宣,朱振宇,张金淼.中国海油地震勘探技术进展与发展方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):1-12LI X X,ZHU Z Y,ZHANG J M.The progress and direction of seismic exploration technology in CNOOC[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):1-12
[4]朱伟林,张功成,钟锴.中国海洋石油总公司“十二五”油气勘探进展及“十三五”展望[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(4):1-12ZHU W L,ZHANG G C,ZHONG K.Oil and gas exploration progress of China National Offshore Oil Corporation during the 12th Five-Year Plan and the prospect during the 13th Five-Year Plan[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(4):1-12
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[8]SONG J G,GONG Y L,LI S.High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform andvariable-depth streamer data deghosting[J].Applied Geophysics,2015,12(4):564-572
[9]陈昌旭,周滨,张建峰,等.拖缆前后源双向同时激发采集新技术探索[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):309-318CHEN C X,ZHOU B,ZHANG J F,et al.Testing of fore and after source double-way simultaneous shooting technology on offshore seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):309-318
[10]刘春成,焦振华,管西竹,等.海洋“犁式”电缆地震资料采集与处理方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):1-7LIU C C,JIAO Z H,GUAN X Z,et al.The acquisition and process method of marine plow cable streamer seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):1-7
[11]刘春成,陶杰,焦振华,等.海洋“犁式”电缆采集技术研究与实践[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1069-1074LIU C C,TAO J,JIAO Z H,et al.Marine plow streamer acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1069-1074
[12]陆敬安,伍忠良,曾宪军.海洋地震勘探中地震波、鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76-79LU J A,WU Z L,ZENG X J.The synthesized effect of seismic wave and ghost reflection and its application in marine seismic survey[J].Ocean Technology,2006,25(4):76-79
[13]刘春成,刘志斌,顾汉明.利用上/下缆合并算子确定海上上/下缆采集的最优沉放深度组合[J].石油物探,2013,52(6):623-629LIU C C,LIU Z B,GU H M.The determination of optimal sinking depths of over/under streamers in offshore survey by merge operator[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(6):623-629
[14]张威,韩立国,李洪建.基于起伏海水表面的拖缆鬼波压制方法[J].石油物探,2017,56(4):500-506ZHANG W,HAN L G,LI H J.Deghosting method based on a variable sea surface for conventional streamer seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(4):500-506
[15]谢玉洪,李列,袁全社,等.海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):430-435XIE Y H,LI L,YUAN Q S,et al.Broadband marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):430-435
[16]阮福明,吴秋云,王斌,等.中国海油高精度地震勘探采集装备技术研制与应用[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(3):19-24RUAN F M,WU Q Y,WAND B,et al.Development and application of high precision seismic acquisition equipment in CNOOC[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(3):19-24
[17]孙文博,朱振宇,张金淼,等.海上时移地震中潮汐校正应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1084-1088SUN W B,ZHU Z Y,ZHANG J M,et al.Tidal corrections for marine time-lapse seismic[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1084-1088
[18]薛东川,朱振宇,王小六,等.海上拖缆采集地震数据接收点位移校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):1-7XUE D C,ZHU Z Y,WANG X L,et al.A receiver motion correction method for streamer data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):1-7
[19]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏,等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381ZHANG J L,LIU Z B,ZHANG Y P,et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):373-381
[20]印兴耀,刘欣欣.储层地震岩石物理建模研究现状与进展[J].石油物探,2016,55(3):309-325YIN X Y,LIU X X.Research status and progress of the seismic rock-physics modeling methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(3):309-325
[2]谢玉洪.南海西部深水区自营油气田勘探开发现状及展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(1):5-7XIE Y H.Status and prospect of proprietary oil and gas field exploration and development in deepwater west of South China Sea[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(1):5-7
[3]李绪宣,朱振宇,张金淼.中国海油地震勘探技术进展与发展方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):1-12LI X X,ZHU Z Y,ZHANG J M.The progress and direction of seismic exploration technology in CNOOC[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):1-12
[4]朱伟林,张功成,钟锴.中国海洋石油总公司“十二五”油气勘探进展及“十三五”展望[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(4):1-12ZHU W L,ZHANG G C,ZHONG K.Oil and gas exploration progress of China National Offshore Oil Corporation during the 12th Five-Year Plan and the prospect during the 13th Five-Year Plan[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(4):1-12
[5]POSTHUMUS B J.Deghosting using a twin streamer configuration[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41(3):267-286
[6]SOUBARAS R,DOWLE R.Variable-depth streamer:a broadband marine solution[J].First Break,2010,28(12):89-96
[7]MOLDOVEANU N,COMBEE L,EGAN M,et al.O-ver/under towed-streamer acquisition:A method to extend seismic bandwidth to both higher and lower frequencies[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(1):41-58
[8]SONG J G,GONG Y L,LI S.High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform andvariable-depth streamer data deghosting[J].Applied Geophysics,2015,12(4):564-572
[9]陈昌旭,周滨,张建峰,等.拖缆前后源双向同时激发采集新技术探索[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):309-318CHEN C X,ZHOU B,ZHANG J F,et al.Testing of fore and after source double-way simultaneous shooting technology on offshore seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):309-318
[10]刘春成,焦振华,管西竹,等.海洋“犁式”电缆地震资料采集与处理方法[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):1-7LIU C C,JIAO Z H,GUAN X Z,et al.The acquisition and process method of marine plow cable streamer seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):1-7
[11]刘春成,陶杰,焦振华,等.海洋“犁式”电缆采集技术研究与实践[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1069-1074LIU C C,TAO J,JIAO Z H,et al.Marine plow streamer acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1069-1074
[12]陆敬安,伍忠良,曾宪军.海洋地震勘探中地震波、鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76-79LU J A,WU Z L,ZENG X J.The synthesized effect of seismic wave and ghost reflection and its application in marine seismic survey[J].Ocean Technology,2006,25(4):76-79
[13]刘春成,刘志斌,顾汉明.利用上/下缆合并算子确定海上上/下缆采集的最优沉放深度组合[J].石油物探,2013,52(6):623-629LIU C C,LIU Z B,GU H M.The determination of optimal sinking depths of over/under streamers in offshore survey by merge operator[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(6):623-629
[14]张威,韩立国,李洪建.基于起伏海水表面的拖缆鬼波压制方法[J].石油物探,2017,56(4):500-506ZHANG W,HAN L G,LI H J.Deghosting method based on a variable sea surface for conventional streamer seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(4):500-506
[15]谢玉洪,李列,袁全社,等.海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):430-435XIE Y H,LI L,YUAN Q S,et al.Broadband marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):430-435
[16]阮福明,吴秋云,王斌,等.中国海油高精度地震勘探采集装备技术研制与应用[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(3):19-24RUAN F M,WU Q Y,WAND B,et al.Development and application of high precision seismic acquisition equipment in CNOOC[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(3):19-24
[17]孙文博,朱振宇,张金淼,等.海上时移地震中潮汐校正应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1084-1088SUN W B,ZHU Z Y,ZHANG J M,et al.Tidal corrections for marine time-lapse seismic[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1084-1088
[18]薛东川,朱振宇,王小六,等.海上拖缆采集地震数据接收点位移校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):1-7XUE D C,ZHU Z Y,WANG X L,et al.A receiver motion correction method for streamer data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):1-7
[19]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏,等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381ZHANG J L,LIU Z B,ZHANG Y P,et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):373-381
[20]印兴耀,刘欣欣.储层地震岩石物理建模研究现状与进展[J].石油物探,2016,55(3):309-325YIN X Y,LIU X X.Research status and progress of the seismic rock-physics modeling methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(3):309-325