厦门市大屿岛主要乔木种生态位特征分析
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摘要
通过样方法对福建省厦门市大屿岛主要乔木种生态位特征进行分析。结果表明:整个岛屿乔木树种物种多样性较低,其中Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数为1. 26,Margalef丰富度指数为1. 44,Simpson生态优势度指数为0. 54,Pielou均匀度指数为0. 57。乔木层优势物种是台湾相思(Acacia confusa),其重要值达53. 84%。其次是马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)和潺槁木姜子(Litsea glutinosa)。生态位特征分析表明台湾相思生态位宽度最大,其Levins和Shannon生态位宽度值分别为19. 00和2. 84。生态位宽度较大的还有马尾松,潺槁木姜子和柠檬桉。台湾相思和马尾松的生态位重叠值最高,为0. 673,其次为台湾相思和潺槁木姜子,其生态位重叠值为0. 633。台湾相思、马尾松、柠檬桉和潺槁木姜子的胸径和冠幅在空间分布中变化趋势相似。综上可知厦门大屿岛乔木树种多样性较低,植物种类简单,优势种相对明显,生态位特征值较小的植物对生境要求较高,整个生态系统较为脆弱。
In this study the niche characteristics of important arbor species in Dayu Island,southeast China are analyzed with quadrate methods. The results showed that the diversity indexs of arbor species low,such as their Shannon-Wiener index 1. 26,Margalef index 1. 44,Simpson index 0. 54 and Pielou index 0. 57. The dominant species in the arbor layer was Acacia confusa,with important value of 53. 84%. This was followed by Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus citriodora and Litsea glutinosa. The analysis of niche characteristics indicated that the niche breadth of the Acacia confusa was the highest. The Levins niche breadth value was 19. 00 and the Shannon niche breadth value was 2. 84. Pinus massoniana,Litsea glutinosa and Eucalyptus citriodora also had larger niche breadth values.The highest niche overlap value of 0. 673 was found between Acacia confusa and Pinus massoniana,followed by 0. 633 between Acacia confusa and Litsea glutinosa. The DBH and crown diameter of Acacia confusa,Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus citriodora and Litsea glutinosa were similar in their spatial distribution. In summary,the diversity index of arbor species in Dayu Island was low,the plant species were simple and the dominant species were relatively obvious. The plants with smaller niche characteristics had higher habitat requirements and the whole ecosystem was fragile.
In this study the niche characteristics of important arbor species in Dayu Island,southeast China are analyzed with quadrate methods. The results showed that the diversity indexs of arbor species low,such as their Shannon-Wiener index 1. 26,Margalef index 1. 44,Simpson index 0. 54 and Pielou index 0. 57. The dominant species in the arbor layer was Acacia confusa,with important value of 53. 84%. This was followed by Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus citriodora and Litsea glutinosa. The analysis of niche characteristics indicated that the niche breadth of the Acacia confusa was the highest. The Levins niche breadth value was 19. 00 and the Shannon niche breadth value was 2. 84. Pinus massoniana,Litsea glutinosa and Eucalyptus citriodora also had larger niche breadth values.The highest niche overlap value of 0. 673 was found between Acacia confusa and Pinus massoniana,followed by 0. 633 between Acacia confusa and Litsea glutinosa. The DBH and crown diameter of Acacia confusa,Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus citriodora and Litsea glutinosa were similar in their spatial distribution. In summary,the diversity index of arbor species in Dayu Island was low,the plant species were simple and the dominant species were relatively obvious. The plants with smaller niche characteristics had higher habitat requirements and the whole ecosystem was fragile.
引文
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[2]郑俊鸣,张嘉灵,郑建忠,等.中国海岛植被修复的适生植物[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(3):86-90.
[3]廖连招.厦门无居民海岛猴屿生态修复研究与实践[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2007,2(2):57-61.
[4]雷一东,唐先华.城市植物多样性应用及其实现途径[J].城市问题,2007(3):32-35.
[5]潘艺.海岛城市化时空格局演变及其陆岛联动的响应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[6]胡慧娟,陈剑榕,孙雷,等.厦门大屿岛三种鹭的种群动态和营巢[J].生物多样性,1999,7(2):43-46.
[7]郑文教,林鹏,连玉武,等.厦门市主要海岛植被图及其说明[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1993,32(1):94-99.
[8]伍烈,陈小麟,胡慧娟,等.厦门白鹭自然保护区鹭类繁殖的空间分布[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):979-983.
[9]王博.厦门无居民海岛鹭类繁殖期分布及种群研究[J].环境科学动态,2005(2):6-8.
[10]朱开建,王博,孙雷,等.厦门大屿岛白鹭自然保护区外来入侵植物[J].厦门科技,2006(3):38-41.
[11]朱开建.厦门大屿岛白鹭自然保护区的昆虫种类及结构特点[J].厦门科技,2007(3):51-53.
[12]柴宗政,王得祥,张丽楠,等.秦岭山地天然油松群落主要植物种群生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(8):1 917-1 923.
[13]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[14]从睿,张开文,伊贤贵.黄山植物群落结构及其物种多样性分析[J/OL].南京林业大学报(自然科学版).[2017-04-26]. http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/32. 1161. S. 20170426. 1639. 010. html.
[15]谢伟东,招礼军,邓荣艳,等.干扰对红鳞蒲桃群落植物多样性及重要值的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(6):58-63.
[16]肖兰,杨盛昌,侯蕊,等.山东无棣贝壳堤岛保护区维管束植物的生态位特征[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2018,57(1):79-84.
[17]白晓航,张金屯.小五台山森林群落优势种的生态位分析[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3 815-3 826.
[18]陈玉凯,杨琦,莫燕妮,等.海南岛霸王岭国家重点保护植物的生态位研究[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):576-584.
[19]高灵,王瑞辉,王睿,等.幼年赤桉胸径与冠幅、树高、材积的相关性分析[J].桉树科技,2014,31(4):17-22.
[20]谢春平,方彦,方炎明.乌冈栎群落垂直结构与重要值分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):176-184.
[21]胡正华,于明坚.古田山青冈林优势种群生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2005,25(10):1 159-1 162.
[22]王立龙,王广林,黄永杰,等.黄山濒危植物小花木兰生态位与年龄结构研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(6):1 862-1 871.
[23]李振基,陈小麟,郑海雷.生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[24]洪志猛.厦门城市公园植物群落的物种丰富度调查分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(2):51-54.
[25]孙元敏,汤坤贤,陈慧英,等.无居民海岛植被恢复过程中物种多样性及土壤特征初步研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2017,36(1):1-5.
[26]李伟,陈小麟,方文珍.鹭类集群繁殖对营巢地土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(S1):47-53.
[27]熊英,邓福英,唐庆兰,等.万鹤山鹭鸟保护区土壤微生物优势类群生态分布的研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2005,24(1):58-62.