东营市北部海域沉积物中重金属的分布、来源及生态风险评价
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摘要
2016年5月在东营市北部海域采集沉积物样品并测定7种重金属含量,分析其空间分布特征和来源,并采用沉积物质量基准(SQGs)和潜在生态风险指数(PERI)两种方法评价其生态风险.结果表明,该海域沉积物中Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn含量分别为0.005~0.092、3.44~10.41、6.59~19.00、0.50~1.10、32.42~60.25、1.72~23.78、31.13~69.96mg·kg~(-1);重金属含量最高值、次高值多出现在靠近挑河入海口且有机质、粉砂和黏土含量较高的S10站位.沉积物中的As、Pb主要来自岩石风化,其它金属则来自地表径流输送的陆源污染物.某些站位的As、Cd、Cr、Cu含量超出临界效应浓度(TEL),会偶尔产生不利生物毒性效应.除S10、S3、S9站位(属于高生态风险)外,该海域沉积物中的重金属处于中等生态风险,且风险主要来自Cd、Hg.为降低该海域的重金属生态风险水平,必须采取措施控制挑河等河流的重金属入海通量.
Concentrations of seven heavy metals in the coastal sediments of the northern Dongying City were measured. The spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals were discussed and the ecological risk was assessed using sediment quality guidelines( SQGs)and the potential ecological risk index( PERI). The concentration ranges of Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,and Zn were calculated as0. 005-0. 092,3. 44-10. 41,6. 59-19. 00,0. 50-1. 10,32. 42-60. 25,1. 72-23. 78,and 31. 13-69. 96 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Higher metal concentrations were observed at site S10,which was close to the mouth of Tiaohe River and contained plenty of organic matter,silt,and clay. Principal component analysis( PCA) indicated that As and Pb in the sediments were derived from natural weathering processes,while other metals were mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources,i. e.,land-sourced pollutants transported by runoff.Concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,and Cu at some sampling sites exceeded the threshold effect level( TEL) stated in the SQGs implying occasional harmful effects on biological life. PERI showed that the sediments in this area generally had a medium risk,except sites S10,S3,and S9 posing a considerable risk,and that Cd and Hg were the major contributors to the ecological risk. It is necessary to take effective measures to control heavy metal fluxes from rivers around this area and to reduce the risk.
Concentrations of seven heavy metals in the coastal sediments of the northern Dongying City were measured. The spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals were discussed and the ecological risk was assessed using sediment quality guidelines( SQGs)and the potential ecological risk index( PERI). The concentration ranges of Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,and Zn were calculated as0. 005-0. 092,3. 44-10. 41,6. 59-19. 00,0. 50-1. 10,32. 42-60. 25,1. 72-23. 78,and 31. 13-69. 96 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Higher metal concentrations were observed at site S10,which was close to the mouth of Tiaohe River and contained plenty of organic matter,silt,and clay. Principal component analysis( PCA) indicated that As and Pb in the sediments were derived from natural weathering processes,while other metals were mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources,i. e.,land-sourced pollutants transported by runoff.Concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,and Cu at some sampling sites exceeded the threshold effect level( TEL) stated in the SQGs implying occasional harmful effects on biological life. PERI showed that the sediments in this area generally had a medium risk,except sites S10,S3,and S9 posing a considerable risk,and that Cd and Hg were the major contributors to the ecological risk. It is necessary to take effective measures to control heavy metal fluxes from rivers around this area and to reduce the risk.
引文
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[3]Maanan M,Saddik M,Maanan M,et al.Environmental and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Nador lagoon,Morocco[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,48:616-626.
[4]Buat-Menard P,Chesselet R.Variable influence of the atmospheric flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1979,42(3):399-411.
[5]Müller G.Heavy-metals in sediment of the Rhine-changes since1971[J].Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik,1979,79(24):778-783.
[6]Turekian K K,Wedepohl K H.Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1961,72(2):175-192.
[7]Wolska L,Sagajdakow A,Kuczyńska A,et al.Application of ecotoxicological studies in integrated environmental monitoring:possibilities and problems[J].Tr AC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2007,26(4):332-344.
[8]Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81-97.
[9]Mac Donald D D,Ingersoll C G,Berger T A.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2000,39(1):20-31.
[10]Uluturhan E,Kontas A,Can E.Sediment concentrations of heavy metals in the Homa Lagoon(Eastern Aegean Sea):assessment of contamination and ecological risks[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(9):1989-1997.
[11]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[12]冯慕华,龙江平,喻龙,等.辽东湾东部浅水区沉积物中重金属潜在生态评价[J].海洋科学,2003,27(3):52-56.Feng M H,Long J P,Yu L,et al.Ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals of marine sediment in Liaodong Bays shallow waters[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(3):52-56.
[13]Bastami K D,Bagheri H,Kheirabadi V,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along southeast coast of the Caspian Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,81(1):262-267.
[14]Cheng W H,Yap C K.Potential human health risks from toxic metals via mangrove snail consumption and their ecological risk assessments in the habitat sediment from Peninsular Malaysia[J].Chemosphere,2015,135:156-165.
[15]Pan K,Wang W X.Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,421-422:3-16.
[16]吴斌,宋金明,李学刚.黄河口表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1324-1332.Wu B,Song J M,Li X G.Environmental characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Huanghe estuary[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1324-1332.
[17]刘淑民,姚庆祯,刘月良,等.黄河口湿地表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(9):1625-1631.Liu S M,Yao Q Z,Liu Y L,et al.Distribution and influence factors of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary wetland[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(9):1625-1631.
[18]Li L,Wang X J,Zhu A M,et al.Assessing metal toxicity in sediments of Yellow River wetland and its surrounding coastal areas,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2014,151:302-309.
[19]国家海洋局.国务院关于印发全国海洋主体功能区规划的通知,国发[2015]42号[EB/OL].http://www.soa.gov.cn/zwgk/fwjgwywj/gwyfgwj/201508/t20150820_39597.html,2015-08-20.
[20]李建伟.渤海湾西南部海域海底沉积物分布特征研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.15-27.Li J W.Research on distribution characteristics of bed sediments in Southwest of Bohai Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011.15-27.
[21]张汉珍,隋海洋,曲玉环.东营市近岸海域海洋环境状况分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(3):98-100.
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[23]HY/T 132-2010,海洋沉积物与海洋生物体中重金属分析前处理微波消解法[S].HY/T 132-2010,Pretreatment guideline of heavy metals analysis in the marine sediments and organisms-microwave assisted acid digestion[S].
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[25]Pedersen F,Bjrnestad E,Andersen H V,et al.Characterization of sediments from Copenhagen Harbour by use of biotests[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(6-7):233-240.
[26]暨卫东.中国近海海洋环境质量现状与背景值研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.161-165.
[27]GB 18668-2002,海洋沉积物质量[S].GB 18668-2002,Marine sediment quality[S].
[28]Lin Y C,Meng F P,Du Y X,et al.Distribution,speciation,and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2016,22(5):1253-1267.
[29]El Nemr A,El-Said G F,Khaled A,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of some heavy metals in coastal surface sediments along the Red Sea,Egypt[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2016,31(2):164-172.
[30]Agah H,Saleh A,Bastami K D,et al.Ecological risk,source and preliminary assessment of metals in the surface sediments of Chabahar Bay,Oman Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,107(1):383-388.
[31]方明,吴友军,刘红,等.长江口沉积物重金属的分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):563-569.Fang M,Wu Y J,Liu H,et al.Distribution,sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):563-569.
[32]张亚南,贺青,陈金民,等.珠江口及其邻近海域重金属的河口过程和沉积物污染风险评价[J].海洋学报,2013,35(2):178-186.Zhang Y N,He Q,Chen J M,et al.Heavy metals'process in water and pollution risk assessment in surface sediments of the Zhujiang River estuary[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,35(2):178-186.
[33]Liu J Q,Yin P,Chen B,et al.Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Luanhe River estuary,northwest of the Bohai Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,109(1):633-639.
[34]Li C,Song C W,Yin Y Y,et al.Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Shuangtaizi estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,98(1-2):358-364.
[35]王志峰,王建春,程凤莲,等.北部湾潮间带沉积物中重金属和多氯联苯的分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2012,31(9):1293-1302.Wang Z F,Wang J C,Cheng F L,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls in the intertidal sediments along the Beibu Bay[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(9):1293-1302.
[36]Hedge L H,Knott N A,Johnston E L.Dredging related metal bioaccumulation in oysters[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(6):832-840.
[37]Guven D E,Akinci G.Effect of sediment size on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments of Izmir Inner Bay[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(9):1784-1794.
[38]Horowitz A J,Elrick K A.The relation of stream sediment surface area,grain size and composition to trace element chemistry[J].Applied Geochemistry,1987,2(4):437-451.
[39]王俊耀,苏海佳,谭天伟.制革厂铬鞣废水中铬的回收处理研究[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(1):23-26.Wang J Y,Su H J,Tan T W,et al.Study on reuse and treatment of tannery chrome effluents[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2007,1(1):23-26.
[40]钱进省.制药工业含铬废水处理新工艺[J].化学世界,1996,(7):386-387.
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