广西廉州湾贝类养殖区重金属的含量变化及潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
根据2012—2017年每年8月廉州湾贝类养殖区现场监测资料,探讨了重金属(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd)在其海水和表层沉积物中的含量变化,评价了2种介质中重金属的污染状况和沉积物重金属的潜在危害状况.结果表明:海水中重金属平均含量为Cu> Pb> Cd> Hg,除Cu外,Hg、Pb、Cd的年际变化均呈明显上升趋势,其污染程度顺序为Cu> Hg> Pb> Cd,整体水质状况基本属于本底水平;表层沉积物中重金属平均含量为Pb> Cu> Cd> Hg,除Hg外,Cu、Pb、Cd的年际变化趋势和水相中的变化基本一致,其污染程度排序为Cu> Pb> Hg> Cd,整体处于中等污染水平;表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险程度顺序依次为Hg> Cd> Cu> Pb,6次调查结果的综合潜在生态风险指数RI值均低于140,平均值为76. 98,表明该海域属于低潜在生态风险水平.
According to the on-site monitoring data of shellfish culture area in Lianzhou Bay in August from 2012 to2017,the contents of heavy metals( Hg,Cu,Pb and Cd) in seawater and surface sediments were discussed,and the pollution status of heavy metals in two media and potential hazards of heavy metals in sediments were evaluated.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in seawater were Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. The inter-annual variations of Hg,Pb and Cd all showed an obvious upward trend except for Cu. The pollution level was Cu >Hg > Pb > Cd while the overall water quality of heavy metals was basically at the background level. The average contents of heavy metals in surface sediments were Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. The inter-annual variations of Cu,Pb and Cd were basically the same as those in the aqueous phase except for Hg. The pollution level was Cu > Pb >Hg > Cd while the overall pollution level was medium. The potential ecological risk level of heavy metals in surface sediments was Hg > Cd > Cu > Pb and the synthetical potential ecological risk index RI was less than 140 with an average 76. 98 from the results of 6 surveys. It indicates that the area was in the state of low potential ecological risk level.
According to the on-site monitoring data of shellfish culture area in Lianzhou Bay in August from 2012 to2017,the contents of heavy metals( Hg,Cu,Pb and Cd) in seawater and surface sediments were discussed,and the pollution status of heavy metals in two media and potential hazards of heavy metals in sediments were evaluated.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in seawater were Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. The inter-annual variations of Hg,Pb and Cd all showed an obvious upward trend except for Cu. The pollution level was Cu >Hg > Pb > Cd while the overall water quality of heavy metals was basically at the background level. The average contents of heavy metals in surface sediments were Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. The inter-annual variations of Cu,Pb and Cd were basically the same as those in the aqueous phase except for Hg. The pollution level was Cu > Pb >Hg > Cd while the overall pollution level was medium. The potential ecological risk level of heavy metals in surface sediments was Hg > Cd > Cu > Pb and the synthetical potential ecological risk index RI was less than 140 with an average 76. 98 from the results of 6 surveys. It indicates that the area was in the state of low potential ecological risk level.
引文
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[18]马德毅,王菊英.中国主要河口沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(5):521-525.
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[20]蒋红,胡益峰,徐灵燕,等.舟山排污口邻近海域沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(1):50-52.
[2]黎小正.广西合浦廉州湾增养殖区水域营养水平分析与评价[J].广西科学院学报,2007,23(1):39-44.
[3] TANG D G,KENT W W,PETER H S. Distribution and partitioning oftrace metals(Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn)in Galveston Bay waters[J]. Marine Chemistry,2002,78(5):29-45.
[4]黎小正,吴祥庆,庞燕飞,等.广西主要海水贝类养殖区环境质量状况评价[J].广西科学院学报,2009,25(2):111-115.
[5]廖永志,冯少波,冯钊,等.广西合浦廉州湾贝类养殖区表层沉积物重金属汞和砷污染评价[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(2):305-308.
[6]吴祥庆,黎小正,兰柳春,等.广西防城珍珠港珍珠养殖区表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋通报,2010,29(5):584-587.
[7]姚茹,黎小正.广西沿海主要贝类养殖区海水、表层沉积物及近江牡蛎体内重金属镉监测与评价[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(1):316-318.
[8]国家海洋局.海洋监测规范:GB 17378—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[9] HAKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol:asedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1 001.
[10]国家海洋局.海水水质标准:GB 3097—1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[11]廖勇,黄厚见,李磊,等.江苏如东贝类养殖区重金属的含量分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):4-8.
[12]徐国锋,何东海,毛伟宏,等.象山港毛蚶种苗区重金属的含量分布特征及生态风险评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(3):348-354.
[13]何荣,刘洋.天津北部近岸增养殖区重金属污染的调查与评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(4):149-154.
[14]朱文娟,黄祥娟,张栋,等.茅尾海养殖区重金属污染调查与评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(2):36-38.
[15]贾晓平,杜飞雁,林钦,等.海洋渔场生态环境质量状况综合评价方法探讨[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(2):160-164.
[16]国家海洋局.海洋沉积物质量:GB 18668—2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[17]吴祥庆,黎小正,兰柳春,等.广西防城珍珠港珍珠养殖区表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋通报,2010,29(5):584-587.
[18]马德毅,王菊英.中国主要河口沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(5):521-525.
[19]刘成,王兆印,何耘,等.环渤海湾诸河口潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2002,15(5):33-37.
[20]蒋红,胡益峰,徐灵燕,等.舟山排污口邻近海域沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(1):50-52.