“加快建设海洋强国”背景下南海维权方略探讨
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摘要
南海海域广阔,海洋资源丰富,战略地位突出,是我国推进海洋强国建设的重点关注海域。为应对美国"重返亚太"后南海周边国家的严重侵权行动,我国启动了南海岛礁建设并采取坚决维权斗争,有力地维护了南海海洋权益。中国基于历史和法理等依据强化在南海实质性存在,并努力推动与东盟《南海行为准则》谈判,有力促进了南海局势的和平稳定,但美国提出"印太战略"后不断升级"航行自由行动"、挑拨南海周边国家与中国关系,也使得南海安全形势面临新的挑战和风险。在中美南海战略博弈不断上升的背景下,中国既要坚持历史法理基础上的战略底线,坚定维护南海海洋权益,又要保持战略定力,持续推进南海岛礁建设,把它打造成我国经略南海的定海神针。同时,我们也要不失时机地推进与东盟国家的海上安全合作,促使《南海行为准则》早日落地,更要注意加强海上风险管控,防止事态进一步升级恶化,为"一带一路"倡议和海洋强国建设提供南海方向的有力支撑。
The vast sea area of the South China the South China Sea,rich marine resources and outstanding strategic position are the key areas of concern for China's efforts to promote the construction of a marine power. In response to the serious infringement actions of the countries surrounding the South China Sea after the US "returning to the Asia-Pacific",China initiated the construction of the South Island Reef and adopted a resolute struggle for rights protection to effectively safeguard the maritime rights and interests of the South China Sea. Based on historical and legal principles,China has strengthened the substantive existence of the South China Sea and made efforts to promote negotiations with the ASEAN's "Code of Conduct for the South China Sea",which has effectively promoted the peace and stability of the situation in the South China Sea. However,the United States has continuously upgraded the "Freedom of Navigation" after the "Indo-Pacific Strategy" and instigates the relations between the countries around the South China Sea and China has also brought new challenges and risks to the security situation in the South China Sea. Under the background of the rising strategic game between China and the United States,China must adhere to the strategic bottom line based on historical jurisprudence and firmly safeguard the maritime rights and interests of the South China Sea,and maintain strategic strength,continue to promote the construction of the South Island Reef,and make it into the fixed sea god needle of the South China Sea. At the same time,we must promote maritime security cooperation to seize the opportunity with ASEAN countries and promote the early implementation of the code of conduct in the South China Sea,but also to pay attention to strengthening maritime risk management and control to prevent further escalation worse,providing strong support for the South China Sea direction for the "one belt and one way" initiative and the building of a maritime power.
The vast sea area of the South China the South China Sea,rich marine resources and outstanding strategic position are the key areas of concern for China's efforts to promote the construction of a marine power. In response to the serious infringement actions of the countries surrounding the South China Sea after the US "returning to the Asia-Pacific",China initiated the construction of the South Island Reef and adopted a resolute struggle for rights protection to effectively safeguard the maritime rights and interests of the South China Sea. Based on historical and legal principles,China has strengthened the substantive existence of the South China Sea and made efforts to promote negotiations with the ASEAN's "Code of Conduct for the South China Sea",which has effectively promoted the peace and stability of the situation in the South China Sea. However,the United States has continuously upgraded the "Freedom of Navigation" after the "Indo-Pacific Strategy" and instigates the relations between the countries around the South China Sea and China has also brought new challenges and risks to the security situation in the South China Sea. Under the background of the rising strategic game between China and the United States,China must adhere to the strategic bottom line based on historical jurisprudence and firmly safeguard the maritime rights and interests of the South China Sea,and maintain strategic strength,continue to promote the construction of the South Island Reef,and make it into the fixed sea god needle of the South China Sea. At the same time,we must promote maritime security cooperation to seize the opportunity with ASEAN countries and promote the early implementation of the code of conduct in the South China Sea,but also to pay attention to strengthening maritime risk management and control to prevent further escalation worse,providing strong support for the South China Sea direction for the "one belt and one way" initiative and the building of a maritime power.
引文
(1)梁芳:《今日“海上丝绸之路”通道风险有多大》,http://www.81.cn/jwgd/2015-02/11/content-6351319.htm?key=1,登陆时间:2019年3月13日。
(2)潘健纲:《南海油气资源及其开发展望》,《海洋开发与管理》2002年第3期,第40页。
(3)李国强:《南海油气资源勘探开发的政策调适》,《国际问题研究》2014年第6期,第105页。
(4)《中华人民共和国政府关于中华人民共和国领海基线的声明》明确了西沙群岛的领海基线,但至今尚未划定和公布东沙、中沙、南沙群岛的领海基线。
(2)潘健纲:《南海油气资源及其开发展望》,《海洋开发与管理》2002年第3期,第40页。
(3)李国强:《南海油气资源勘探开发的政策调适》,《国际问题研究》2014年第6期,第105页。
(4)《中华人民共和国政府关于中华人民共和国领海基线的声明》明确了西沙群岛的领海基线,但至今尚未划定和公布东沙、中沙、南沙群岛的领海基线。