人工岛对金梦海湾水体交换的影响
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摘要
为研究金梦海湾人工岛的不同布局对周围海域水动力及水体交换的影响,基于MIKE软件建立三维和二维潮流模型以及保守物质输运模型,运用欧拉法计算水体滞留时间,从整体和分区二个方面分析人工岛对水体交换的影响机制.结果表明:海螺岛工程起到分流?导流的作用,提升了金梦海湾的水体交换能力,水体交换率提升10.17%;海螺岛和进岛路的联合作用,使金梦海湾形成一个水体交换能力较差的半封闭式水域,水体交换率下降7.73%;在建设人工岛时保留潮汐通道有助于该区域的水体交换,进岛路的去除为汤河口和金梦海湾近岸增加一条潮汐通道,水体交换能力增加17.90%;在弱潮流地区,需考虑余流的作用.金梦海湾区域的余流小,潮流弱,因此保守物质滞留时间长,水体交换缓慢,水体的自净能力低.
To study the influences of the different layouts of artificial island on the hydrodynamic and water exchange in the JinmengBay, based on MIKE software, a three and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and conservative substance transport model wereestablished, and Euler method was used to calculate the residence time. The influence mechanism of artificial island on waterexchange was analysed from the entire region and several sub-regions. It reveals that: Conch Island played the roles of guiding anddiversion flow, which improves the water exchange capacity of the Jinmeng Bay, i.e., water exchange rate increased by 10.17%. Thecombined Conch island and connection road make the Jinmeng Bay form a semi-enclosed water area with a poor water exchangecapacity, i.e., water exchange rate decreased by 7.73%. The retention of tidal channel in the construction of artificial island isconducive to the water exchange in the region, and the removal of the connection road adds a tidal channel to the near shore of theTanghe river and the Jinmeng Bay, the water exchange capacity increased by 17.90%. In weak tidal areas, the effect of residual flowshould be considered. The residual current and tidal current in the Jinmeng Bay are very weak, the conservative substance can bekept for a long time. Hence, the water exchange is weak and the self-purification capacity is low.
To study the influences of the different layouts of artificial island on the hydrodynamic and water exchange in the JinmengBay, based on MIKE software, a three and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and conservative substance transport model wereestablished, and Euler method was used to calculate the residence time. The influence mechanism of artificial island on waterexchange was analysed from the entire region and several sub-regions. It reveals that: Conch Island played the roles of guiding anddiversion flow, which improves the water exchange capacity of the Jinmeng Bay, i.e., water exchange rate increased by 10.17%. Thecombined Conch island and connection road make the Jinmeng Bay form a semi-enclosed water area with a poor water exchangecapacity, i.e., water exchange rate decreased by 7.73%. The retention of tidal channel in the construction of artificial island isconducive to the water exchange in the region, and the removal of the connection road adds a tidal channel to the near shore of theTanghe river and the Jinmeng Bay, the water exchange capacity increased by 17.90%. In weak tidal areas, the effect of residual flowshould be considered. The residual current and tidal current in the Jinmeng Bay are very weak, the conservative substance can bekept for a long time. Hence, the water exchange is weak and the self-purification capacity is low.
引文
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[4]龚文平,李昌宇,林国尧,等.DELFT3D在离岸人工岛建设中的应用-以海南岛万宁日月湾人工岛为例[J].海洋工程,2012,(30):35-44.Gong W P,Li C Y,Lin G Y,et al.Application of DELFT 3D model for plan design of an artificial island-A case study for the artificial island construction in the Riyue bay,Wanning city,Hainan Island[J].The Ocean Engineering,2012,(30):35-44.
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[12]李小宝,袁德奎,陶建华,等.大型海湾水交换计算中随机游动方法的应用研究[J].应用数学和力学,2011,32(5):587-598.Li X B,Yuan D K,Tao J H.Study on application of random walk method to water exchange in large-sacle bay[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2011,32(5):587-598.
[13]何磊.海湾水交换数值模拟方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.He L.The numercal method study of water exchange for sea bay[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2004.
[14]孙健.海湾?近岸海域水交换研究的关联矩阵方法及应用[D].天津:天津大学,2007.Sun J.The relation matrix method and its application of water exchange study for sea bay and coastal water[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.
[15]吕迎雪.海湾水交换数值模拟方法的研究及其应用[D].天津:天津大学,2009.Lv Y X.Numerical method on water exchange and its application[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.
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[17]张玮,王国超,刘燃,等.环抱式港池水体交换与改善措施研究[J].水运工程,2013,(4):37-41.Zhang W.Wang G C,Liu R,et al.Water exchange and improvement measures for encircled basin[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2013,(4):37-41.
[18]刘嘉星.渤海湾围海造地对水动力?水交换影响的数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2016.Liu J X.Numerical study on hydrodynamic and water exchange features caused by reclamation project around the Bohai bay[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
[19]赵桂侠.人工岛布置方式对周围海域水动力及水交换影响研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,(2):18-28.Zhao G X.Effect of artificial island layout on hydrodynamics and water exchange in the coastal waters[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,(2):18-28.
[20]DHI.MIKE 21&MIKE 3FLOW MODEL Hydrodynamic and Transport Module Science Documentation[M].Denmark:DHI Water&Environment,2013.
[21]黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等.基于MIKE3模型的珠江口水体交换研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,(38):134-140.Huang S B,Li K M,Jiang G Q,et al.Research on water exchange in pearl river estuary based on MIKE3 Model[J].Environmental Science and Management,2013,(38):134-140.
[22]匡翠萍,冒小丹,顾杰,等.海域水动力对老虎石海滩养护响应关系分析[J].同济大学学报,2014,42(5):689-695.Kuang C P,Mao X D,Gu J,et al.Analysis of hydrodynamic response to beach nourishment at Tiger-Rock beach[J].Journal of Tongji University,2014,42(5):689-695.
[23]冯佳炜,顾杰,匡翠萍,等.秦皇岛海域夏季温排水对流扩散特征[J].水动力研究与进展,2018,(33):490-499.Feng J W,Gu J,Kuang C P,et al.Advection and diffusion characteristics of a summer thermal discharge in Qinhuangdao coastal water[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,(33):490-499.
[24]匡翠萍,李正尧,顾杰,等.洋河-戴河河口海域COD时空分布特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3689-3697.Kuang C P,Li Z Y,Gu J,et al.Study on spatial and temporal characteristics of the COD in estuarine and coastal waters of the Yanghe River and the Daihe River[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3689-3697.
[25]蒋昌波,李媛,官志鑫,等.铁山湾建港前后水体交换能力的数值模拟[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(1):81-86.Jiang C B,Li Y,Guan Z X,et al.Numerical simulation of water exchange capability before and after port construction in Tieshan bay[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2013,32(1):81-86.
[26]顾杰,胡成飞,李正尧,等.秦皇岛河流-海岸水动力和水质耦合模拟分析[J].海洋科学,2017,(41):1-11.Gu J,Hu C F,Li Z Y,et al.Coupling simulation and analysis of hydrodynamics and water quality in Qinhuangdao rivers and coastal waters[J].Marine Sciences,2017,(41):1-11.
[27]Willmott C J.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981,(2):184-194.
[28]匡翠萍,胡成飞,冒小丹,等.秦皇岛海域洪季水动力及污染物扩散数值模拟[J].同济大学学报,2015,(43):1355-1366.Kuang C P,Hu C F Mao X D,et al.Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and pollution transport in Qinhuangdao coastal water in the flood season[J].Journal of Tongji University,2015,(43):1355-1366.
[29]顾杰,胡成飞,冒小丹,等.洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2017,(36):441-448.Gu J,Hu C F,Mao X D,et al.Influences of the Yanghe reservoir flood discharges on water quality in coastal waters[J].Marine Environmental Science,2017,(36):441-448.
[30]陆敏.人工岛对海湾水环境影响的数值研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.Lu M.Numerical study of the impact of water environment by artificial island in the gulf[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2011.
[31]陈昊.普兰店湾海洋环境容量分析与研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2015.Chen H.The analysis and research of the marine environmental capacity of Pulandian bay[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean Univesity,2015.
[32]Signell R P,Butman B.Modeling tidal exchange and dispersion in Boston Harbor[J].Journal of Geophysical Researcher,1992,97(C10):287-299.
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