热带西太平洋海面高度变化与华南3—4月降水异常的关系
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摘要
随着海洋观测技术的进步,新的海洋数据在大气海洋研究中得到应用。卫星海面高度观测反映了海洋的热力及动力状况,是海洋状况的重要指标。利用多颗卫星观测融合的海面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)资料分析了海面高度异常与华南前汛期3—4月降水异常的关系。结果表明,从气候状况而言,华南前汛期3—4月降水的主要影响系统为西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高),其外围的西南气流为华南提供充足的水汽输送;年际尺度,华南前汛期3—4月降水指数与850 hPa等压面上100~140°E范围内的副高脊线的南北位置为显著负相关关系,与青藏高原东南侧(105~115°E,20~25°N)的西南风为显著正相关关系。利用大气向外长波辐射(OLR)及再分析资料的分析表明,西南太平洋(150°E~170°W,10~5°S)的海面高度异常将引起菲律宾以东广大洋面上OLR异常及相应的潜热释放异常,当这一海域的海面高度偏高时,西太副高位置较常年偏北,青藏高原东南侧西南风将偏弱,不利于向华南地区的水汽输送及辐合,华南降水偏少。
With the development of technology in oceanographic observation, new types of data are applied to the research on atmosphere and ocean. Sea level anomaly(SLA) observations from satellites can represent the oceanic dynamic and thermodynamic conditions, which are crucial to the influence of ocean on the atmosphere. In this paper, we used SLA data, derived from merged muti-satellite along track observations,to analyze the Southern China Spring Precipitation(SCSP). The results reveal that the SCSP in March and April is well correlated with the meridional position of the Subtropical High ridge(SHR) since the moisture transport in the northwestern part of the Subtropical High is crucial for the SCSP. On the interannual time scale, SCSP is negatively correlated with the SHR significantly, but positively with southwest wind(Vsw)over the southeast of Tibetan Plateau(105~115 °E, 20~25 °N). Using the Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR) data we found that the SLA of Southwest Pacific(150 °E~170 °W, 10~5 °S) can affect the OLR and the latent heat release east of the Philippine Sea, and when the SLA anomaly in the southwestern Pacific is positive, the Subtropical High tends to be located northward, the Vsw becomes weak, and the SCSP tends to be reduced.
With the development of technology in oceanographic observation, new types of data are applied to the research on atmosphere and ocean. Sea level anomaly(SLA) observations from satellites can represent the oceanic dynamic and thermodynamic conditions, which are crucial to the influence of ocean on the atmosphere. In this paper, we used SLA data, derived from merged muti-satellite along track observations,to analyze the Southern China Spring Precipitation(SCSP). The results reveal that the SCSP in March and April is well correlated with the meridional position of the Subtropical High ridge(SHR) since the moisture transport in the northwestern part of the Subtropical High is crucial for the SCSP. On the interannual time scale, SCSP is negatively correlated with the SHR significantly, but positively with southwest wind(Vsw)over the southeast of Tibetan Plateau(105~115 °E, 20~25 °N). Using the Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR) data we found that the SLA of Southwest Pacific(150 °E~170 °W, 10~5 °S) can affect the OLR and the latent heat release east of the Philippine Sea, and when the SLA anomaly in the southwestern Pacific is positive, the Subtropical High tends to be located northward, the Vsw becomes weak, and the SCSP tends to be reduced.
引文
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[8]闵锦忠,孙照渤,曾刚.南海和印度洋海表温度异常对东亚大气环流及降水的影响[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(4):543-548.
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[12]黄露,金海,卢楚翰.关于西太平洋副热带高压研究的回顾与展望[J].干旱气象,2012,30(2):255-260.
[13]ZHANG L L,SUN C.Relationship between oceanic heat content and sea surface height on inter annual time scale[J].Chinese J Oceanol Limnol,2012,30(6):1 026-1 032.
[14]WHITE W,TAI C.Inferring inter annual changes in global upper ocean heat storage from TOPEX altimetry[J].J Geophys Res:Oceans(1978—2012),1995,100(C12):24 943-24 954.
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[17]LIU K X,JIRUI M,JIANPING X,et al.Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic circulation variations in the South China Sea from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry[J].Acta Oceanolog Sin,2002,21(3):345-354.
[18]任倩,何金海,祁莉,等.中国南方冬季降水与前期暖池热含量异常的关系及可能机制[J].高原气象,2014,33(6):1-11.
[19]FU L L,SMITH R D.Global ocean circulation from satellite altimetry and high-resolution computer simulation[J].Bull Am Meteorolog Soc,1996,77(11):2 625-2 636.
[20]马慧,王谦谦,陈桢华.华南前汛期降水异常的时空变化特征[J].高原气象,2006,25(2):325-329.
[21]WEI J,LIN Z,XIA J,et al.Interannual and interdecadal variability of atmospheric water vapor transport in the Haihe River basin[J].Pedosph,2005,15(5):585-594.
[22]LU R Y.Indices of the summertime Western North Pacific subtropical high[J].Adv Atmos Sci,2002,19(6):1 004-1 028.
[23]王启,韩永清.850 h Pa夏季西太平洋副热带高压的年际变化特征[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(12):1-7.
[24]HOSODA S,OHIRA T,NALAMURA T.A monthly mean dataset of global oceanic temperature and salinity derived from Argo float observations[R].Jamstec Report of Research and Development,2008,8:47-59.
[25]李秀珍,梁卫,温之平.华南秋、冬、春季水汽输送特征及其与降水异常的联系[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(5):626-632.
[26]林爱兰,谷德军,郑彬,等.广东前汛期暴雨水汽输送异常变化特征[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(6):1 001-1 010.
[27]万日金,吴国雄.江南春雨的时空分布[J].气象学报,2007,66(3):310-319.
[28]罗绍华,金祖辉.南海海温变化与初夏西太平洋副高活动及长江中、下游汛期降水关系的分析[J].大气科学,1986,10(4):409-418.
[29]李永华,卢楚翰,徐海明,等.热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度变化及其对西南地区东部夏季旱涝的影响[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(2):145-156.
[30]佟景全,王静,齐义泉.基于卫星高度计资料分析南海热含量的年际变化特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1 651-1 656.
[31]SONG D,HU D.Sea surface height variations in the Mindanao Dome region in response to the northern tropical Pacific winds[J].Chinese J Oceanol Limnol,2012,30(4):675-683.
[32]TOZUKA T,KAGIMOTO T,MASUMOTO Y,et al.Simulated multiscale variations in the western tropical Pacific:The Mindanao Dome revisited[J].J Physic Oceanogr,2002,32(5):1 338-1 359.
[33]KASHINO Y,ISHIDA A,HOSODA S.Observed ocean variability in the Mindanao Dome region[J].J Physic Oceanogr,2011,41(2):287-302.
[34]洪洁莉.淮河流域和长江流域梅雨洪涝期大气环流差异及其机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所博士论文,2012:121.
[35]刘屹岷,洪洁莉,刘超,等.淮河梅雨洪涝与西太平洋副热带高压季节推进异常[J].大气科学,2013,37(2):439-450.
[36]张良瑜,王黎娟,韩世茹,等.西太平洋暖池混合层热力异常与我国东部夏季降水的关系[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(3):355-363.
[37]卢楚翰,黄露,何金海,等.西太平洋暖池热含量年际变化及其对东亚气候的异常影响[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(1):64-72.
[38]许晨海,倪允琪,朱福康.OLR资料描述西太平洋副热带高压的一种方法[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(3):377-382.
[39]黄荣辉,孙凤英.热带西太平洋暖池上空对流活动对东亚夏季风季节内变化的影响[J].大气科学,1994,18(4):456-465.
[40]TAO S Y,CHEN L X.A review of recent research on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in China[M]//Monsoon Meterorlogy.CHANG C P,KRISHNAMURTI T N.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[41]祁莉,何金海.青藏高原东南侧南风的季节演变特征分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1 139-1 147.
[2]强学民,杨修群.华南前汛期开始和结束日期的划分[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1 333-1345.
[3]胡亮,李耀东,何金海.东亚热带季风与副热带季风降水特征研究的回顾与展望[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(6):813-818.
[4]王黎娟,何金海,管兆勇,等.国内东亚热带-副热带季风的研究进展[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(6):724-731.
[5]万日金,吴国雄.江南春雨的气候成因机制研究[J].地球科学,2006,36(10):936-950.
[6]马慧,陈祯华.2005年华南6月暴雨的气候背景[J].广东气象,2005(4):14-16.
[7]邓立平,王谦谦.华南前汛期4—6月降水异常特征及其与我国近海海温的关系[J].热带气象学报,2002,18(1):45-55.
[8]闵锦忠,孙照渤,曾刚.南海和印度洋海表温度异常对东亚大气环流及降水的影响[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(4):543-548.
[9]KURIHARA K,KAWAHARA M.Extremes of east Asia weather during the post ENSO years of 1983/84[J].J Meteorolog Soc Japan,1986,64(4):493-503.
[10]黄荣辉,李维京.夏季热带西太平洋上空的热源异常对东亚上空副热带高压的影响及其物理机制[J].大气科学,1988(特刊):107-115.
[11]黄荣辉,孙凤英.热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响[J].大气科学,1994,18(2):141-151.
[12]黄露,金海,卢楚翰.关于西太平洋副热带高压研究的回顾与展望[J].干旱气象,2012,30(2):255-260.
[13]ZHANG L L,SUN C.Relationship between oceanic heat content and sea surface height on inter annual time scale[J].Chinese J Oceanol Limnol,2012,30(6):1 026-1 032.
[14]WHITE W,TAI C.Inferring inter annual changes in global upper ocean heat storage from TOPEX altimetry[J].J Geophys Res:Oceans(1978—2012),1995,100(C12):24 943-24 954.
[15]CHAMBERS D,TAPLEY B,STEWART R.Measuring heat storage changes in the equatorial Pacific:A comparison between TOPEX altimetry and tropical atmosphere-ocean buoys[J].J Geophys Res:Oceans(1978—2012),1998,103(C9):18 591-18 597.
[16]WILLIS J,ROEMMICH D,CORNUELLE B.Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content,temperature,and thermosteric expansion on global scales[J].J Geophys Res:Oceans(1978—2012),2004,109(C12):1 017-1 029.
[17]LIU K X,JIRUI M,JIANPING X,et al.Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic circulation variations in the South China Sea from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry[J].Acta Oceanolog Sin,2002,21(3):345-354.
[18]任倩,何金海,祁莉,等.中国南方冬季降水与前期暖池热含量异常的关系及可能机制[J].高原气象,2014,33(6):1-11.
[19]FU L L,SMITH R D.Global ocean circulation from satellite altimetry and high-resolution computer simulation[J].Bull Am Meteorolog Soc,1996,77(11):2 625-2 636.
[20]马慧,王谦谦,陈桢华.华南前汛期降水异常的时空变化特征[J].高原气象,2006,25(2):325-329.
[21]WEI J,LIN Z,XIA J,et al.Interannual and interdecadal variability of atmospheric water vapor transport in the Haihe River basin[J].Pedosph,2005,15(5):585-594.
[22]LU R Y.Indices of the summertime Western North Pacific subtropical high[J].Adv Atmos Sci,2002,19(6):1 004-1 028.
[23]王启,韩永清.850 h Pa夏季西太平洋副热带高压的年际变化特征[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(12):1-7.
[24]HOSODA S,OHIRA T,NALAMURA T.A monthly mean dataset of global oceanic temperature and salinity derived from Argo float observations[R].Jamstec Report of Research and Development,2008,8:47-59.
[25]李秀珍,梁卫,温之平.华南秋、冬、春季水汽输送特征及其与降水异常的联系[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(5):626-632.
[26]林爱兰,谷德军,郑彬,等.广东前汛期暴雨水汽输送异常变化特征[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(6):1 001-1 010.
[27]万日金,吴国雄.江南春雨的时空分布[J].气象学报,2007,66(3):310-319.
[28]罗绍华,金祖辉.南海海温变化与初夏西太平洋副高活动及长江中、下游汛期降水关系的分析[J].大气科学,1986,10(4):409-418.
[29]李永华,卢楚翰,徐海明,等.热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度变化及其对西南地区东部夏季旱涝的影响[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(2):145-156.
[30]佟景全,王静,齐义泉.基于卫星高度计资料分析南海热含量的年际变化特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1 651-1 656.
[31]SONG D,HU D.Sea surface height variations in the Mindanao Dome region in response to the northern tropical Pacific winds[J].Chinese J Oceanol Limnol,2012,30(4):675-683.
[32]TOZUKA T,KAGIMOTO T,MASUMOTO Y,et al.Simulated multiscale variations in the western tropical Pacific:The Mindanao Dome revisited[J].J Physic Oceanogr,2002,32(5):1 338-1 359.
[33]KASHINO Y,ISHIDA A,HOSODA S.Observed ocean variability in the Mindanao Dome region[J].J Physic Oceanogr,2011,41(2):287-302.
[34]洪洁莉.淮河流域和长江流域梅雨洪涝期大气环流差异及其机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所博士论文,2012:121.
[35]刘屹岷,洪洁莉,刘超,等.淮河梅雨洪涝与西太平洋副热带高压季节推进异常[J].大气科学,2013,37(2):439-450.
[36]张良瑜,王黎娟,韩世茹,等.西太平洋暖池混合层热力异常与我国东部夏季降水的关系[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(3):355-363.
[37]卢楚翰,黄露,何金海,等.西太平洋暖池热含量年际变化及其对东亚气候的异常影响[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(1):64-72.
[38]许晨海,倪允琪,朱福康.OLR资料描述西太平洋副热带高压的一种方法[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(3):377-382.
[39]黄荣辉,孙凤英.热带西太平洋暖池上空对流活动对东亚夏季风季节内变化的影响[J].大气科学,1994,18(4):456-465.
[40]TAO S Y,CHEN L X.A review of recent research on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in China[M]//Monsoon Meterorlogy.CHANG C P,KRISHNAMURTI T N.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[41]祁莉,何金海.青藏高原东南侧南风的季节演变特征分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1 139-1 147.
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