不同林龄杉木人工林植物-凋落叶-土壤C、N、P化学计量特征及互作关系
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摘要
以贵州8年、16年、28年生杉木人工林为研究对象,分析植物-凋落叶-土壤的C、N、P化学计量特征及其内在联系,探讨林龄对杉木人工林生态化学计量的影响,为杉木人工林可持续经营提供参考。结果表明:(1)杉木人工林植物-凋落叶-土壤均呈高C低N、P元素格局,两两组分间差异显著(P<0.05);成熟叶C/N(38.58)、C/P(376.67)偏低,其养分利用效率较低;与成熟叶相比,凋落叶N、P偏低,C/N、C/P偏高;土壤C/P、N/P偏低,C/N较高,说明土壤P素分解较快而N保存较好,反映了凋落叶分解不利。(2)成熟叶C、P以及根、凋落叶、土壤的C、N、P、C/N、C/P、N/P均受林龄的显著影响;从8年到28年,C、N、P含量在植物体呈先增后减趋势,而在土壤中相反,呈先减后增趋势,但在凋落物中C、P显著减小,且C/P,N/P显著增加,反映杉木林早期对养分需求旺盛,随年龄增大需求减小,凋落物分解受制于P素,加剧中幼期杉木生态系统养分供需矛盾。(3)成熟叶与凋落叶N、C/N、N/P之间显著正相关,凋落叶养分源自成熟叶;成熟叶重吸收率P(0.518—0.645)>N(0.292—0.488),即对P的利用效率高于N。凋落叶与土壤C、C/N之间显著负相关,表明土壤C、N来源于凋落叶分解,但凋落叶分解缓慢,导致大量元素滞留于凋落叶,土壤损耗元素得不到补给,两者间养分循环缓慢。土壤与根C、P、C/N、C/P、N/P之间均显著正相关,土壤与成熟叶的C、N、P均不相关,表明土壤养分是杉木生长养分的主要来源,但土壤C、N、P含量对成熟叶C、N、P含量影响不大。
In this study,three different stand ages of Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations in Guizhou Province,including8-year-old,16-year-old and 28-year-old,were selected as the objects. In order to provide the scientific basis for sustainable management of Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations,we explored carbon( C),nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P)ecological stoichiometry and their interaction of plant,litter and soil,to indicate the effects of stand ages on the stoichiometry. Our results showed that,( 1) The nutrient stucture of leaf,litter and soil presented high concentration of C and low concentration of N and P in Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations. The concentration and stoichiometric ratio of C,N,and P were significant different among plant,litter and soil( P< 0.05).The C/N( 38.58) and C/P( 376.67) of leaf were lower than those of other coniferous trees,demonstrating that nutrient use efficiency of Cunninghamia Lanceolata was poor. Conversely,C/N and C/P of litter were higher than those of leaf,on account of N and P concentrations of litter were lower than those of leaf. The soil C/P and N/P were lower and C/N was higher,indicated that N release was inhibited but P decomposition was reversely accelerated in soil,and it suggested that the condition would inhibit the litter decomposition and nutrients release.( 2) The C,N,and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of root,litter,and soil,as well as C and P concentrations of mature leaf,were significantly different among the three age groups. From 8 to 28 years old,the C,N and P concentrations of plant increased firstly and then decreased,but the results were converse in soil,suggesting that plant nutrient uptake significantly increased firstly and then decreased. This could result in soil nutrients being transformed from consumption to accumulation. The C and P concentrations of litter significantly decreased,and litter C/P and N/P ratios significantly increased,suggesting that P was the main factor that constrains litter decomposition. Thus,P may have inhibited nutrient return and intensified the contradiction between the nutrients supply and demand in young and middle aged forests.( 3) N concentration,C/N and N/P of matured leaf had significantly positive correlations with those of litter,indicating that the nutrients of litter were sourced from the matured leaf. Resorption efficiency of P( 0.518—0.645) was significantly greater than that of N( 0.292—0.488)( P<0.05),indicating that utilizing efficiency of P was greater than that of N in the plantations. C concentration and C/N of litter had significant negative correlations with those of soil,suggesting that C and N concentrations of soil was sourced from litter decomposition. However,litter decomposition was a slow process,accompanied with a plentiful nutrients reserved in litter,which delayed nutrient return from litter to soil. Concentrations of C and P,C/N,C/P and N/P of root had significantly positive correlations with those of soil,meanwhile,concentrations of C,P and N of soil had no significant correlations with those of matured leaf,suggesting that soil nutrients were the main sources of plant nutrients,but had less influence on concentrations of C,N,and P of matured leaf.
In this study,three different stand ages of Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations in Guizhou Province,including8-year-old,16-year-old and 28-year-old,were selected as the objects. In order to provide the scientific basis for sustainable management of Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations,we explored carbon( C),nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P)ecological stoichiometry and their interaction of plant,litter and soil,to indicate the effects of stand ages on the stoichiometry. Our results showed that,( 1) The nutrient stucture of leaf,litter and soil presented high concentration of C and low concentration of N and P in Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantations. The concentration and stoichiometric ratio of C,N,and P were significant different among plant,litter and soil( P< 0.05).The C/N( 38.58) and C/P( 376.67) of leaf were lower than those of other coniferous trees,demonstrating that nutrient use efficiency of Cunninghamia Lanceolata was poor. Conversely,C/N and C/P of litter were higher than those of leaf,on account of N and P concentrations of litter were lower than those of leaf. The soil C/P and N/P were lower and C/N was higher,indicated that N release was inhibited but P decomposition was reversely accelerated in soil,and it suggested that the condition would inhibit the litter decomposition and nutrients release.( 2) The C,N,and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of root,litter,and soil,as well as C and P concentrations of mature leaf,were significantly different among the three age groups. From 8 to 28 years old,the C,N and P concentrations of plant increased firstly and then decreased,but the results were converse in soil,suggesting that plant nutrient uptake significantly increased firstly and then decreased. This could result in soil nutrients being transformed from consumption to accumulation. The C and P concentrations of litter significantly decreased,and litter C/P and N/P ratios significantly increased,suggesting that P was the main factor that constrains litter decomposition. Thus,P may have inhibited nutrient return and intensified the contradiction between the nutrients supply and demand in young and middle aged forests.( 3) N concentration,C/N and N/P of matured leaf had significantly positive correlations with those of litter,indicating that the nutrients of litter were sourced from the matured leaf. Resorption efficiency of P( 0.518—0.645) was significantly greater than that of N( 0.292—0.488)( P<0.05),indicating that utilizing efficiency of P was greater than that of N in the plantations. C concentration and C/N of litter had significant negative correlations with those of soil,suggesting that C and N concentrations of soil was sourced from litter decomposition. However,litter decomposition was a slow process,accompanied with a plentiful nutrients reserved in litter,which delayed nutrient return from litter to soil. Concentrations of C and P,C/N,C/P and N/P of root had significantly positive correlations with those of soil,meanwhile,concentrations of C,P and N of soil had no significant correlations with those of matured leaf,suggesting that soil nutrients were the main sources of plant nutrients,but had less influence on concentrations of C,N,and P of matured leaf.
引文
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[2]俞月凤,彭晚霞,宋同清,曾馥平,王克林,文丽,范夫静.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同森林类型植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.应用生态学报,2014,25(4):947-954.
[3]李从娟,徐新文,孙永强,邱永志,李生宇,高培,钟显彬,闫健,王桂芬.不同生境下三种荒漠植物叶片及土壤C、N、P的化学计量特征.干旱区地理,2014,37(5):996-1004.
[4]王维奇,徐玲琳,曾从盛,仝川,张林海.河口湿地植物活体-枯落物-土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征.生态学报,2011,31(23):7119-7124.
[5]Elser J J,Fagan W F,Denno R F,Dobberfuhl D R,Folarin A,Huberty A,Interlandi S,Kilham S S,Mc Cauley E,Schulz K L,Siemann E H,Sterner R W.Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs.Nature,2000,408(6812):578-580.
[6]宾振钧,王静静,张文鹏,徐当会,程雪寒,李柯杰,曹德昊.氮肥添加对青藏高原高寒草甸6个群落优势种生态化学计量学特征的影响.植物生态学报,2014,38(3):231-237.
[7]陆晓辉,丁贵杰,陆德辉.人工调控措施下马尾松凋落叶化学质量变化及与分解速率的关系.生态学报,2017,37(7):2325-2333.
[8]陈婵,王光军,赵月,周国新,李栎,高吉权.会同杉木器官间C、N、P化学计量比的季节动态与异速生长关系.生态学报,2016,36(23):7614-7623.
[9]曹娟,闫文德,项文化,谌小勇,雷丕锋.湖南会同3个林龄杉木人工林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征.林业科学,2015,51(7):1-8.
[10]喻林华,方晰,项文化,石俊,刘兆丹,李雷达.亚热带4种林分类型枯落物层和土壤层的碳氮磷化学计量特征.林业科学,2016,52(10):10-21.
[11]Wardle D A,Walker L R,Bardgett R D.Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences.Science,2004,305(5683):509-513.
[12]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,曾馥平,宋同清,彭晚霞,张浩,杜虎.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征.植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[13]Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,Zhang Y.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China.New Phytologist,2005,168(2):377-385.
[14]刘万德,苏建荣,李帅锋,张志钧,李忠文.云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林演替系列植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.生态学报,2010,30(23):6581-6590.
[15]Liu C J,Berg B,Kutsch W,Westman C J,Ilvesniemi H,Shen X H,Shen G R,Chen X B.Leaf litter nitrogen concentration as related to climatic factors in Eurasian forests.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2006,15(5):438-444.
[16]田秀玲,夏婧,夏焕柏,倪健.贵州省森林生物量及其空间格局.应用生态学报,2011,22(2):287-294.
[17]王晶苑,王绍强,李纫兰,闫俊华,沙丽清,韩士杰.中国四种森林类型主要优势植物的C:N:P化学计量学特征.植物生态学报,2011,35(6):587-595.
[18]Mc Groddy M E,Daufresne T,Hedin L O.Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in forests worldwide:implications of terrestrial redfield-type ratios.Ecology,2004,85(9):2390-2401.
[19]姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,王芳.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.生态学报,2016,36(19):6188-6197.
[20]Gholz H L,Wedin D A,Smitherman S M,Harmon M E,Parton W J.Long-term dynamics of pine and hardwood litter in contrasting environments:toward a global model of decomposition.Global Change Biology,2000,6(7):751-765.
[21]马文济,赵延涛,张晴晴,Arshad A,史青茹,阎恩荣.浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C:N:P化学计量特征.植物生态学报,2014,38(8):833-842.
[22]郭剑芬,杨玉盛,陈光水,林鹏,谢锦升.森林凋落物分解研究进展.林业科学,2006,42(4):93-100.
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