EIGA雾化法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末工艺研究
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摘要
采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末(15～45μm)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、粉体特性综合测试仪等设备,对粉末的形貌、物相组成、粒度分布、松装密度及流动性进行表征,同时研究了雾化气体压力和熔体温度对激光3D打印TC4合金粉末收得率影响。结果表明:采用EIGA制备得到TC4合金粉末形貌为近规则球形,粉末表面存在少量"卫星球",粉末由α′-Ti相组成。TC4合金粉末收得率随着雾化气体压力和熔体温度的升高先增加后减小。最佳雾化工艺参数为:雾化气体压力5 MPa,熔体温度1 800℃,此条件下平均粒径D_(50)为81.2μm,15～45μmTC4钛合金粉末收得率为22.3%,流动性为42.5 s,松装密度为2.83 g/cm~3,氧含量1 260×10~(-6),符合激光3D打印用TC4钛合金粉末特征要求。
The preparation of TC4 alloy powders for laser 3 D printing(15～45 μm) via electrode induction melting gas atomization(EIGA) method was studied in this paper.The morphologies,phase compositions,particle size distributions,apparent densities and flowabilities of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),laser particle size analyzer(LPS) and powder comprehensive characteristics tester,respectively.Meanwhile,the effects of gas atomization pressure and melt temperature on the yield of TC4 alloy powders were studied.The results indicate that the TC4 alloy powders have nearly regular spherical morphology,with a small amount of satellite balls adhering on the surface.The powder is α′-Ti of a single phase solid solution.With the increase of atomizing gas pressure and melt temperature,the yield of TC4 alloy powders increases first and then decreases.The optimum parameters are gas atomization pressure of 5 MPa,melt temperature of 1 800 ℃.Under the optimized conditions,the average particle size D_(50) is 81.2 μm,the yield of 15～45 μm powders is 22.3%,the flowability is 42.5 s(50 g),the apparent density is 2.83 g/cm~3 with oxygen content of 1 260×10~(-6),which meet the requirements for laser 3 D printing.
The preparation of TC4 alloy powders for laser 3 D printing(15～45 μm) via electrode induction melting gas atomization(EIGA) method was studied in this paper.The morphologies,phase compositions,particle size distributions,apparent densities and flowabilities of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),laser particle size analyzer(LPS) and powder comprehensive characteristics tester,respectively.Meanwhile,the effects of gas atomization pressure and melt temperature on the yield of TC4 alloy powders were studied.The results indicate that the TC4 alloy powders have nearly regular spherical morphology,with a small amount of satellite balls adhering on the surface.The powder is α′-Ti of a single phase solid solution.With the increase of atomizing gas pressure and melt temperature,the yield of TC4 alloy powders increases first and then decreases.The optimum parameters are gas atomization pressure of 5 MPa,melt temperature of 1 800 ℃.Under the optimized conditions,the average particle size D_(50) is 81.2 μm,the yield of 15～45 μm powders is 22.3%,the flowability is 42.5 s(50 g),the apparent density is 2.83 g/cm~3 with oxygen content of 1 260×10~(-6),which meet the requirements for laser 3 D printing.
引文
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[18] Le Guomin,Li Qiang,Dong Xianfeng,et al.Fabrication techniques of spherical-shaped metal powders suitable for additive manufacturing[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017(4):1162-1168.(乐国敏,李强,董鲜峰,等.适用于金属增材制造的球形粉体制备技术[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017(4):1162-1168.)
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[20] Zhang Ning,Chen Suiyuan ,Yu Xiao,et al.Preparation of TC4 alloy powder for laser 3D printing[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2016,15(4):277-284.(张宁,陈岁元,于笑,等.激光3D打印TC4球形合金粉末的制备[J].材料与冶金学报,2016,15(4):277-284.)
[2] Liao Xianjie,Lai Qi,Zhang Shuli.Current situation and development prospect of preparation technologies for spherical titanium and titanium alloy powders[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,2017,38(5):1-8.(廖先杰,赖奇,张树立.球形钛及钛合金粉制备技术现状及展望[J].钢铁钒钛,2017,38(5):1-8.)
[3] Seifi M,Salem A,Beuth J,et al.Overview of materials qualification needs for metal additive manufacturing[J].JOM,2016,68(3):747-764.
[4] Lu Liangliang,Zhang Shaoming,Xu Jun,et al.Review on advanced preparation technology of spherical titanium powders[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017(1):94-101.(陆亮亮,张少明,徐骏,等.球形钛粉先进制备技术研究进展[J].稀有金属,2017(1):94-101.)
[5] Wang Qi,Li Shenggang,Lv Hongjun,et al.Research on high quality titanium alloy powder production by atomization technology[J].Titanium Industry Progress,2010,27(5):16-18.(王琪,李圣刚,吕宏军,等.雾化法制备高品质钛合金粉末技术研究[J].钛工业进展,2010,27(5):16-18.)
[6] Zhang Tao.OSAKA Titanium technologies introduced GA titanium powder specially for additive manufacturing TILOP64[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,2016,37(6):50.(张涛.日本大阪钛推出专用于增材制造的气雾化钛粉TILOP64[J].钢铁钒钛,2016,37(6):50.)
[7] Zhang Shuguang,Yang Bicheng,Yang Bo,et al.A novel ultrasonic atomization process for producing spherical metal powder[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinaca,2002,38(8):888-892.(张曙光,杨必成,杨博,等.新型超声雾化技术制备球形金属粉末[J].金属学报,2002,38(8):888-892.)
[8] Wu Shengju,Wang Zhigang,Ren Jinlian,et al.Experimental study of ultrasonic atomization method for manufactruing titanic metallic powder[J].Piezoelectrics & Acoustoo Ptics,2001,23(6):490-492.(吴胜举,王志刚,任金莲,等.功率超声雾化制备钛金属粉末的实验研究[J].压电与声光,2001,23(6):490-492.)
[9] Wei W H,Wang L Z,Chen T,et al.Study on the flow properties of Ti-6Al-4V powders prepared by radio-frequency plasma spheroidization[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2017,28(9):2431-2437.
[10] Chen G,Zhao S Y,Tan P,et al.A comparative study of Ti-6Al-4V powders for additive manufacturing by gas atomization,plasma rotating electrode process and plasma atomization[J].Powder Technology,2018,333:38-46.
[11] Lu Liangliang,Liu Xuefeng,Zhang Shaoming,et al.A combinatorial technique incorporating high frequency inductive heating and gas atomization for preparing spherical titanium powders from titanium wires[J].Material Review,2018,32(8):1267-1270.(陆亮亮,刘雪峰,张少明,等.高频感应熔化金属丝气雾化制备球形钛粉[J].材料导报,2018,32(8):1267-1270.)
[12] Zhao Shaoyang,Chen Gang,Tan Ping,et al.Characterization of spherical TC4 powders by gas atomization and its interstitial elemental control [J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(5):980-987.(赵少阳,陈刚,谈萍,等.球形TC4粉末的气雾化制备、表征及间隙元素控制[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(5):980-987.)
[13] Yin J O,Chen G,Zhao S Y,et al.Microstructural characterization and properties of Ti-28Ta at.% powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process[J].Journal of Alloys & Compounds,2017,713:222-228.
[14] Sheng Yanwei,Guo Zhimeng,Hao Junjie,et al.Preparation of micro-spherical titanium powder by RF plasma[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2013,42(6):1291-1294.(盛艳伟,郭志猛,郝俊杰,等.射频等离子体制备球形钛粉[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2013,42(6):1291-1294.)
[15] Hu Chunlian,Hou Shanglin.Effect of atomizing nozzle structure on properties of spray-welded alloy powder[J].Materials Protection,2002,35(12):53-54.(胡春莲,侯尚林.雾化喷嘴结构对喷焊合金粉末性能的影响[J].材料保护,2002,35(12):53-54.)
[16] Chen Suiyuan,Dong Huanhuan,Liu Changsheng,et al.TC4 alloy powder prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization for laser 3D printing [J].Journal of Northeastern University,2017,38(4):497-501.(陈岁元,董欢欢,刘常升,等.EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(4):497-501.)
[17] Guo Kuaikuai,Liu Changsheng,Chen Suiyuan,et al.Effect of EIGA power parameter on characteristics of TC4 alloy powder for 3D printing[J].Materials Science and Technology,2017,25(1):16-22.(郭快快,刘常升,陈岁元,等.功率对EIGA制备3D打印用TC4合金粉末特性的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2017,25(1):16-22.)
[18] Le Guomin,Li Qiang,Dong Xianfeng,et al.Fabrication techniques of spherical-shaped metal powders suitable for additive manufacturing[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017(4):1162-1168.(乐国敏,李强,董鲜峰,等.适用于金属增材制造的球形粉体制备技术[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017(4):1162-1168.)
[19] Cherevko A G.The independent scale of critical clusters as a basis for the calculation of surface tension of elementary substances[J].High Temperature,2009,47(6):920-923.
[20] Zhang Ning,Chen Suiyuan ,Yu Xiao,et al.Preparation of TC4 alloy powder for laser 3D printing[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2016,15(4):277-284.(张宁,陈岁元,于笑,等.激光3D打印TC4球形合金粉末的制备[J].材料与冶金学报,2016,15(4):277-284.)