涠洲岛湿地对鸻鹬类水鸟的承载力评估
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摘要
【目的】评估候鸟迁徙季节涠洲岛湿地对鸻鹬类水鸟的承载力。【方法】调查监测候鸟迁徙季节涠洲岛湿地生物量和鸻鹬类水鸟群落,由水生生物热量和鸻鹬类群落的综合代谢率估算涠洲岛湿地食物量对鸻鹬类水鸟的承载力。【结果】鸻鹬类水鸟在涠洲岛的觅食地面积为158.54hm~2,包括库塘面积40.58hm~2,沼泽面积69.56hm~2以及涠洲岛东岸潮间带面积48.40hm~2。鸻鹬类群落由35种鸟类组成,涠洲岛湿地对鸻鹬鸟类春秋季承载力分别为874~1 236只和1 001~1 302只。觅食地承载力密度(只/hm~2)春季库塘10.7>沼泽5.6>潮间带4.8,秋季沼泽6.8>库塘4.3>潮间带3.6。淡水湿地密度高于潮间带密度。1990年以来潮间带觅食地面积损失了86%,单位面积平均生物量下降了55%。【结论】湿地面积、水生生物丰度影响涠洲岛湿地对鸻鹬类的承载力,修复湿地可提高承载力。
【Objective】To evaluate the carrying capacity of shorebirds in the Weizhou Island wetland during the migration season.【Methods】A survey was conducted to monitor the biomass of aquatic organisms and shorebirds communities in the Weizhou Island wetland during the migratory season.The amount of food on the shorebirds carrying capacity of the Weizhou Island wetland was estimated according to the calories of aquatic organisms and the shorebirds comprehensive metabolic rate.【Results】Feeding size for shorebirds on Weizhou Island was 158.54 hm~2 including 40.58 hm~2 of ponds,69.56 hm~2 of marsh and 48.40 hm~2 of intertidal zone inthe east coast of Weizhou Island.The shorebirds community consisted of 35 species of birds.The carrying capacity of shorebirds was 874～1 236 birds in spring and 1 001～1 302 birds in autumn.The carrying capacity density of feeding sites(birds per hectare)was ponds 10.7>marsh 5.6>intertidal zone 4.8 in spring and marsh 6.8>ponds 4.3>intertidal zone 3.6 in autumn respectively.The carrying capacity density in fresh wetland was higher than that in intertidal zone.【Conclusion】The carrying capacity of shorebirds depends on the size of wetland and the abundance of aquatic organisms in Weizhou Island wetland.Wetland restoration will help to increase the carrying capacity.
【Objective】To evaluate the carrying capacity of shorebirds in the Weizhou Island wetland during the migration season.【Methods】A survey was conducted to monitor the biomass of aquatic organisms and shorebirds communities in the Weizhou Island wetland during the migratory season.The amount of food on the shorebirds carrying capacity of the Weizhou Island wetland was estimated according to the calories of aquatic organisms and the shorebirds comprehensive metabolic rate.【Results】Feeding size for shorebirds on Weizhou Island was 158.54 hm~2 including 40.58 hm~2 of ponds,69.56 hm~2 of marsh and 48.40 hm~2 of intertidal zone inthe east coast of Weizhou Island.The shorebirds community consisted of 35 species of birds.The carrying capacity of shorebirds was 874～1 236 birds in spring and 1 001～1 302 birds in autumn.The carrying capacity density of feeding sites(birds per hectare)was ponds 10.7>marsh 5.6>intertidal zone 4.8 in spring and marsh 6.8>ponds 4.3>intertidal zone 3.6 in autumn respectively.The carrying capacity density in fresh wetland was higher than that in intertidal zone.【Conclusion】The carrying capacity of shorebirds depends on the size of wetland and the abundance of aquatic organisms in Weizhou Island wetland.Wetland restoration will help to increase the carrying capacity.
引文
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[16]ZWARTS L,BLOMERT A M.Selectivity of whimbrels feeding on fiddler crabs explained by component specific digestibilities[J].Ardea,1990,78:193-208.
[17]中国野生动物保护协会.中国鸟类图鉴[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1995.China Wildlife Conservation Association.Atlas of birds of China[M].Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,1995.
[18]尹琏,费嘉伦,林超英.香港及南华鸟类[M].香港:香港特别行政区政府新闻处,2006.YI L,FEI J L,LIN C Y.Avifauna of Hongkong and south China[M].Hongkong:Information Services Department of the Hongkong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,2006.
[19]姚海峰,薛巍,邹广明,等.中街山列岛岩礁潮间带春季大型底栖动物的群落结构[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(17):9282-9284.YAO H F,XUE W,ZOU G M,et al.Community structure of macrobenthos in the rocky intertidal zone of Zhongjieshan archipelago in spring[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci.2012,40(17):9282-9284.
[20]张虎,郭仲仁,刘培廷.江苏省海岛潮间带底栖生物分布特征[J].南方水产,2010,6(4):49-55.ZHANG H,GUO Z R,LIU P T.Distribution characteristics of intertidal macrobenthos around Jiangsu islands[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(4):49-55.
[21]BRAND L A,TAKEKAWA J Y,SHINN J,et al.Effects of wetland management on carrying capacity of diving ducks and shorebirds in a coastal estuary[J].Waterbirds,2014,37(1):52-67.
[22]GE Z M,ZHOU X,WANG T H,et al.Effects of vegetative cover changes on the carrying capacity of migratory shorebirds in a newly formed wetland,Yangtze River estuary,China[J].Zoological Studies,2009,48(6):769-779.
[2]舒晓莲,李一琳,杜寅,等.广西涠洲岛鸟类自然保护区的鸟类资源[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(6):54-63.SHU X L,LI Y L,DU Y,et al.Birds in Weizhou Island bird nature reserve,Guangxi,China[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2009,44(6):54-63.
[3]ORIANE W T,SUSAN M H.Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley[J].Biological Conservation,2006,128:298-307.
[4]倪永明,李湘涛.北戴河地区鸻形目鸟类觅食生境动态变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):1731-1737.NI Y M,LI X T.Suitability evaluation of plover birds’foraging habitat in Beidaihe areas based on GIS[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):1731-1737.
[5]王增礼,张伟.曲阜河滨两种鸻形目鸟类觅食行为对人为干扰的响应[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(4):1586-1587,1590.WANG Z L,ZHANG W.The effect of human disturbance on foraging behaviors of two kinds of charadriiformes in Qufu streamside[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2009,37(4):1586-1587,1590.
[6]ANDERSON J T,SMITH L M.Carrying capacity and diel use of managed playa wetlands by nonbreeding waterbirds[J].Wildlife Society Bulletin,1999,27(2):281-291.
[7]SCHOENER T W.Sizes of feeding territories among birds[J].Ecology,1968,49(1):123-141.
[8]MEIRE P M,SCHEKKERMAN H,MEININGER P L.Consumption of benthic invertebrates by waterbirds in the Oosterschelde estuary,SW Netherlands[J].Hydrobiologia,1994,282/283(1):525-546.
[9]广西海洋开发保护管理委员会.广西海岛资源综合调查报告[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,1996.Guangxi Oceanic Development and Protect Management Communittee.Comprehensive survey report of Guangxi island resources[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press,1996.
[10]况雪源,苏志,涂方旭.广西气候区划[J].广西科学,2007,14(3):278-283.KUANG X Y,SU Z,TU F X.Climate regionalization of Guangxi[J].Guangxi Sciences,2007,14(3):278-283.
[11]廖秋香,尤明双,刘旭.涠洲岛旅游气候资源的评价及利用[J].贵州气象,2012,36(2):38-39,51.LIAO Q X,YOU M S,LIU X.Evaluation and utilization on tourism climate resource of Weizhou Island[J].Journal of Guizhou Meteorology,2012,36(2):38-39,51.
[12]GOSS-CUSTARD J D,STILLMAN R A,CALDOW RW G,et al.Carrying capacity in the overwintering birds:When are spatial models needed?[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,40(1):176-187.
[13]陈进树.浅析林德曼效率的适用前提和对象[J].中国科技信息,2010(17):24,26.CHEN J S.Brief analysis of application conditions and objects of Lindeman Law[J].China Science and Technology Information,2010(17):24,26.
[14]葛振鸣,周晓,施文彧,等.九段沙湿地鸻形目鸟类迁徙季节环境容纳量[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):90-96.GE Z M,ZHOU X,SHI W Y,et al.Carrying capacity of shorebirds at Jiuduansha wetland during the migratory seasons[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):90-96.
[15]沙怡梅.图说食物热量与运动健康[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2013.SHA Y M.Illustrated book of food heat and sport&health[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2013.
[16]ZWARTS L,BLOMERT A M.Selectivity of whimbrels feeding on fiddler crabs explained by component specific digestibilities[J].Ardea,1990,78:193-208.
[17]中国野生动物保护协会.中国鸟类图鉴[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1995.China Wildlife Conservation Association.Atlas of birds of China[M].Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,1995.
[18]尹琏,费嘉伦,林超英.香港及南华鸟类[M].香港:香港特别行政区政府新闻处,2006.YI L,FEI J L,LIN C Y.Avifauna of Hongkong and south China[M].Hongkong:Information Services Department of the Hongkong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,2006.
[19]姚海峰,薛巍,邹广明,等.中街山列岛岩礁潮间带春季大型底栖动物的群落结构[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(17):9282-9284.YAO H F,XUE W,ZOU G M,et al.Community structure of macrobenthos in the rocky intertidal zone of Zhongjieshan archipelago in spring[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci.2012,40(17):9282-9284.
[20]张虎,郭仲仁,刘培廷.江苏省海岛潮间带底栖生物分布特征[J].南方水产,2010,6(4):49-55.ZHANG H,GUO Z R,LIU P T.Distribution characteristics of intertidal macrobenthos around Jiangsu islands[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(4):49-55.
[21]BRAND L A,TAKEKAWA J Y,SHINN J,et al.Effects of wetland management on carrying capacity of diving ducks and shorebirds in a coastal estuary[J].Waterbirds,2014,37(1):52-67.
[22]GE Z M,ZHOU X,WANG T H,et al.Effects of vegetative cover changes on the carrying capacity of migratory shorebirds in a newly formed wetland,Yangtze River estuary,China[J].Zoological Studies,2009,48(6):769-779.
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