模拟SO_4~(2-)沉降对闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地N_2O通量的影响
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摘要
选取闽江口塔礁洲淡水感潮野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月,每月小潮日原位定期向实验样地施加2个沉降量水平的硫酸钾溶液:S60(60 kg·hm-2·a-1)和S120(120 kg·hm-2·a-1),运用静态箱-气相色谱法研究模拟硫酸根沉降对河口区淡水感潮湿地N2O通量的影响及主要环境影响因子.对照、S60和S120 3个处理下N2O通量分别为(58.06±23.07)、(23.50±22.85)和(20.75±7.83)μg·m-2·h-1,年尺度上,S120处理显著降低N2O通量(p<0.05),S60处理与CK处理差异不显著(p>0.05).闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地整体上表现为大气中N2O源.野慈姑湿地N2O排放通量与间隙水盐度呈显著负相关关系.研究表明,对于亚热带河口区淡水感潮野慈姑湿地,施加量为120 kg·hm-2·a-1的模拟硫沉降显著降低其N2O排放通量.
The effects of simulated sulfate deposition on N_2O fluxes were investigated in the freshwater tidal Sagittaria trifolia wetland in the Tajiaozhou of the Min River estuary. Monthly pulses of dissolved K_2SO_4 were added to the experiment sites on the neap days from December 2015 to October 2016. The treatments included the additions of dissolved K2 SO4 at rates of 60,120 kg·hm-2·a-1 and the control( CK). The averaged N_2O fluxes were( 58.06±23.07),( 23.50±22.85) and( 20.75±7.83) μg·m-2·h-1,respectively,in CK,60 and 120 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatments. On the annual scale,120 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatment significantly decrease the N_2O flux,however the 60 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatment had no significant inhibitory effect on N_2O flux. In whole the freshwater tidal Sagittaria trifolia wetland in the Tajiaozhou of the Min River estuary is a source of N_2O in the atmosphere. Simulated sulfate deposition increased the pore water SO2-4 concentration. N_2O fluxes from the S. trifolia with simulated sulfate deposition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with pore water conductivity. The results indicate that higher dose of sulfate deposition( 120 kg·hm-2·a-1) on the neap days suppresses N_2O flux from freshwater tidal S. trifolia wetland in subtropical estuary,and exerts a positive feedback in relation to acid rain problem.
The effects of simulated sulfate deposition on N_2O fluxes were investigated in the freshwater tidal Sagittaria trifolia wetland in the Tajiaozhou of the Min River estuary. Monthly pulses of dissolved K_2SO_4 were added to the experiment sites on the neap days from December 2015 to October 2016. The treatments included the additions of dissolved K2 SO4 at rates of 60,120 kg·hm-2·a-1 and the control( CK). The averaged N_2O fluxes were( 58.06±23.07),( 23.50±22.85) and( 20.75±7.83) μg·m-2·h-1,respectively,in CK,60 and 120 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatments. On the annual scale,120 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatment significantly decrease the N_2O flux,however the 60 kg·hm-2·a-1 treatment had no significant inhibitory effect on N_2O flux. In whole the freshwater tidal Sagittaria trifolia wetland in the Tajiaozhou of the Min River estuary is a source of N_2O in the atmosphere. Simulated sulfate deposition increased the pore water SO2-4 concentration. N_2O fluxes from the S. trifolia with simulated sulfate deposition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with pore water conductivity. The results indicate that higher dose of sulfate deposition( 120 kg·hm-2·a-1) on the neap days suppresses N_2O flux from freshwater tidal S. trifolia wetland in subtropical estuary,and exerts a positive feedback in relation to acid rain problem.
引文
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李爱萍,黄广华,高人,等.2015.福州、建瓯和武夷山大气氮/硫湿沉降特征分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,10(3):33-40
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宋长春,张丽华,王毅勇,等.2006.淡水沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量年际变化及其对氮输入的响应[J].环境科学,27(12):2369-2375
施瑾欢.2009.崇明东滩氨氧化、反硝化微生物群落初步研究[D].上海:复旦大学
Seitzinger S,Harrison J A,Bohlke J K,et al.2006.Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes:a synthesis[J].Ecological Application,16(6):2064-2090
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Sun W G,Sun Z G,Mou X J,et al.2017.Nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal zone of the Yellow River Estuary in autumn and winter during 2011-2012[J].Estuaries and Coasts,40(1):145-159
仝川,柳铮铮,曾从盛,等.2010.模拟SO2-4沉降对河口潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量的影响[J].中国环境科学,30(3):302-308
王纯,王维奇,曾从盛,等.2011.闽江河口区盐-淡水梯度下湿地土壤氮形态及储量特征[J].水土保持学报,25(5):147-153
汪旭明.2015.闽江口淡水和半咸水短叶茳芏潮汐湿地N2O通量研究[D].福州:福建师范大学
谢文霞,赵全升,张芳,等.2011.胶州湾河口湿地秋冬季N2O气体排放通量特征[J].地理科学,31(4):464-469
张彪.2010.不同植被类型土壤氮氧化物排放及其对硫沉降的响应[D].福州:福建师范大学
庄世坚.2004.福建省酸雨形势与污染损耗及其控制对策[J].应用海洋学学报,23(1):101-106
赵卫红.2008.福建省主要城市降水离子特征及沉降量现状分析[J]亚热带资源与环境学报,3(3):19-24
曾从盛.2006.福建典型区生态环境研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
郑彩红,曾从盛,陈志强,等.2006.闽江河口区湿地景观格局演变研究[J].湿地科学,4(1):29-35
章宪,马永跃,王维奇.2014.外源硫酸盐添加对福州平原稻田甲烷与氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].福建师大学报(自然科学版),30(4):111-117
朱兆良,文孝启.1992.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.97-160
郑循华,王明星.1997.温度对农田N2O产生与排放的影响[J].环境科学,18(5):1-5
朱永官,王晓辉,杨小茹,等.2014.农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施[J].环境科学,35(2):792-800
Bouwman A F.1990.Exchange of greenhouse gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere[A].In:Bouwan A F.Soils and the Greenhouse Effect.[C].Chichester:Wiley and Dond,1990:60-66
Brunet R C,Garcia-Gil L J.1996.Sulfide-induced dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia in anaerobic freshwater sediments[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,21(2):131-138
Ballantine K A,Groffman P M,Lehmann J,et al.2014.Stimulating nitrate removal processes of restored wetlands[J].Environmental Science and Technology,48(13):7365-7373
Braker G,Conrad R.2011.Diversity,structure,and size of N2O-producing microbial communities in soils-what matters for their functioning?[J].Advances in Applied Microbiology,75:33-70
Cai Z,Zhang J,Zhu T,et al.2012.Stimulation of NO,and N2O,emissions from soils by SO2,deposition[J].Global Change Biology,18(7):2280-2291
Cai Z,Xing G,Yan X,et al.1997.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management[J].Plant and Soil,196(1):7-14
Dausse A,Garbutt A,Norman L,et al.2012.Biogeochemical functioning of grazed estuarine tidal marshes along a salinity gradient[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,100:83-92
Dise N B,Verry E S.2001.Suppression of peatland methane emission by cumulative sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain[J].Biogeochemistry,53(2):143-160
Eyre B D,Rysgaard S,Dalsgaard T,et al.2002.Comparison of isotope pairing and N2:Ar methods for measuring sediment denitrificationAssumption,modifications,and implications[J].Estuaries,25(6):1077-1087
郭宁,张建,孔强,等.2013.温度对亚硝化及氧化亚氮释放的影响[J].环境工程学报,7(4):1308-1312
Granberg G,Sundh I,Svensson B H,et al.2001.Effects of temperature,and nitrogen and sulfur deposition,on methane emission from a boreal mire[J].Ecology,82(7):1982-1998
Gauci V,Dise N,Fowler D.2002.Controls on suppression of methane flux from a peat bog subjected to simulated acid rain sulfate deposition[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,16(1):4-1-4-12
Gon H A D V D.2001.Sulfate-containing amendments to reduce methane emissions from rice fields:mechanisms,effectiveness and costs[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,6(1):71-89
黄耀,焦燕,宗良钢,等.2002.土壤理化特性对麦田N2O排放影响的研究[J].环境科学学报,22(5):598-603
Hirota M,Senga Y,Seike Y,et al.2007.Fluxes of carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide in two contrastive fringing zones of coastal lagoon,Lake Nakaumi,Japan[J].Chemosphere,68(3):597-603
Howarth R W,Billen G,Swaney D,et al.1996.Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean:natural and human influences[J].Biogeochemistry,35:75-139
Jordan S J,Nestlerode J A.2011.Wetlands as sinks for reactive nitrogen at continental and global scales:A meta-analysis[J].Ecosystems,14(1):144-155
Krauss K W,Whitbeck J L.2012.Soil greenhouse gas fluxes during wetland forest retreat along the lower Savannah River,Georgia(USA)[J].Wetlands,32(1):73-81
李爱萍,黄广华,高人,等.2015.福州、建瓯和武夷山大气氮/硫湿沉降特征分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,10(3):33-40
刘剑秋,曾从盛.2010.福建湿地及其生物多样性[M].北京:科学出版社
李佳霖.2009.典型河口区沉积物的硝化和反硝化过程[D].青岛:中国海洋大学
Liou R M,Huang S N,Lin C W.2003.Methane emission from fields with differences in nitrogen fertilizers and rice varieties in Taiwan paddy soils[J].Chemosphere,50(2):237-246
Larsen L,Moseman S,Santoro A E,et al.2010.A complex-systems approach to predicting effects of sea level rise and nitrogen loading on nitrogen cycling in coastal wetland ecosystems[J].Ecological Dissertations in the Aquatic Sciences Symposium Proceedings VⅢ,5:67-92
潘秀丽.2001.福建省酸雨成因分析及防治措施[J].水文,21(1):47-49
Prinn R,Cunnold D,Rasmussen R,et al.1990.Atmospheric emissions and trends of nitrous oxide deduced from 10 years of ALE-GAGEdata[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,95(D11):18369-18385
宋长春,王毅勇,王跃思,等.2005.季节性冻融期沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放动态[J].环境科学,26(4):7-12
宋长春,张丽华,王毅勇,等.2006.淡水沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量年际变化及其对氮输入的响应[J].环境科学,27(12):2369-2375
施瑾欢.2009.崇明东滩氨氧化、反硝化微生物群落初步研究[D].上海:复旦大学
Seitzinger S,Harrison J A,Bohlke J K,et al.2006.Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes:a synthesis[J].Ecological Application,16(6):2064-2090
Solomon S.2007.IPCC(2007):Climate Change The Physical Science Basis[J].American Geophysical Union,9(1):123-124
Sun W G,Sun Z G,Mou X J,et al.2017.Nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal zone of the Yellow River Estuary in autumn and winter during 2011-2012[J].Estuaries and Coasts,40(1):145-159
仝川,柳铮铮,曾从盛,等.2010.模拟SO2-4沉降对河口潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量的影响[J].中国环境科学,30(3):302-308
王纯,王维奇,曾从盛,等.2011.闽江河口区盐-淡水梯度下湿地土壤氮形态及储量特征[J].水土保持学报,25(5):147-153
汪旭明.2015.闽江口淡水和半咸水短叶茳芏潮汐湿地N2O通量研究[D].福州:福建师范大学
谢文霞,赵全升,张芳,等.2011.胶州湾河口湿地秋冬季N2O气体排放通量特征[J].地理科学,31(4):464-469
张彪.2010.不同植被类型土壤氮氧化物排放及其对硫沉降的响应[D].福州:福建师范大学
庄世坚.2004.福建省酸雨形势与污染损耗及其控制对策[J].应用海洋学学报,23(1):101-106
赵卫红.2008.福建省主要城市降水离子特征及沉降量现状分析[J]亚热带资源与环境学报,3(3):19-24
曾从盛.2006.福建典型区生态环境研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
郑彩红,曾从盛,陈志强,等.2006.闽江河口区湿地景观格局演变研究[J].湿地科学,4(1):29-35
章宪,马永跃,王维奇.2014.外源硫酸盐添加对福州平原稻田甲烷与氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].福建师大学报(自然科学版),30(4):111-117
朱兆良,文孝启.1992.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.97-160
郑循华,王明星.1997.温度对农田N2O产生与排放的影响[J].环境科学,18(5):1-5
朱永官,王晓辉,杨小茹,等.2014.农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施[J].环境科学,35(2):792-800
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