煤矿采空区强制放顶爆破技术
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摘要
为了研究采空区上方突发大面积的顶板垮落现象,结合昊达煤矿采空区顶板不能自然垮落且不具备良好作业条件的情况,提出了一种新的采空区顶板强制放顶方法——地表钻孔预留采空区顶板强制放顶爆破方法,包括采用3项关键技术:从地表向下垂直钻孔,不扩孔进行强制放顶爆破;采空区顶板预留的安全厚度由集中药包爆炸后内部作用裂隙区半径的计算公式算出;炮孔底部装填燃烧过的蜂窝煤碎渣且孔内分3段起爆,减少对炮孔底部岩石的破坏。工程实践证明,地表钻孔预留采空区顶板强制放顶爆破方法可有效预防采空区顶板大面积垮落,降低了人员作业风险,实现了煤矿安全生产。
In order to study the phenomenon of a large area collapse of gob roof,combined with the situation that the roof of the coal mine cannot collapse naturally and have no good working conditions,a new gob roof forced caving method called"Ground drilling reserved gob roof forced caving blasting"is put forward.Three key techniques include drilling from the surface downwards and without forced expansion of the hole,the safety thickness of the gob roof is calculated by calculating the radius of the internal friction zone after the explosion of the concentrated charge and the bottom of the blasting hole is filled with the burned honeycomb briquet slag and the hole is divided into three sections to initiate to reduce the damage to the bottom rock.The engineering practice proves that the " Ground drilling reserved gob roof forced caving blasting" method can effectively prevent a large area collapse of gob roof,reduce the risk of personnel operation and realize the safe production of coal mine.
In order to study the phenomenon of a large area collapse of gob roof,combined with the situation that the roof of the coal mine cannot collapse naturally and have no good working conditions,a new gob roof forced caving method called"Ground drilling reserved gob roof forced caving blasting"is put forward.Three key techniques include drilling from the surface downwards and without forced expansion of the hole,the safety thickness of the gob roof is calculated by calculating the radius of the internal friction zone after the explosion of the concentrated charge and the bottom of the blasting hole is filled with the burned honeycomb briquet slag and the hole is divided into three sections to initiate to reduce the damage to the bottom rock.The engineering practice proves that the " Ground drilling reserved gob roof forced caving blasting" method can effectively prevent a large area collapse of gob roof,reduce the risk of personnel operation and realize the safe production of coal mine.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].2版.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:13-18.QIAN M G,SHI P W,XU J L.Mining pressure and strata control[M].2nd edition.Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2010:13-18.
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[9]陈学华,徐翔,李宁.坚硬顶板深孔爆破卸压技术的研究[J].爆破,2013,30(4):66-70.CHEN X H,XU X,LI N.Research on pressure relief technology of deep hole blasting with hard roof[J].Blasting,2013,30(4):66-70.
[10]李地元,李夕兵,赵国彦.露天开采下地下采空区顶板安全厚度的确定[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):17-20.LI D Y,LI X B,ZHAO G Y.Determination of safety thickness of roof in underground[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2005(5):17-20.
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[12]钱七虎.防护结构计算原理[M].南京:工程兵工程学院,1981:185-214.QIAN Q H.Principle of protection structure calculation[M].Nanjing:Engineering Corps Engineering Institute,1981:185-214.
[13]罗勇,沈兆武,夏红兵.炮孔装药量与炮孔间距关系的研究[J].含能材料,2006(2):151-154.LUO Y,SHEN Z W,XIA H B.Study on the relationship between the volume of blasting and the spacing of blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2006(2):151-154.
[14]姚尧,李鹏,秦明武.深孔孔底柔性垫层的减震作用[C]//冯叔瑜.第七届全国工程爆破学术会议论文集.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001:231-236.YAO Y,LI P,QIN M W.Damping effect of flexible cushion in deep hole[C]//FENG S Y.Proceedings of the 7th national conference on engineering blasting.Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2001:231-236.
[15]李治国,吴全立,汪旭光.钻孔与装药平行作业中的安全性研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(3):9-14.LI Z G,WU Q L,WANG X G.Study on the safety of parallel operation of drilling and charge[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(3):9-14.
[16]国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB 6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.
[2]任玉民.冲击矿压的产生机理与岩石巷道卸压爆破影响参数[J].山东煤炭科技,2010(3):169-169.REN Y M.The mechanism of rock burst and the influence parameters of rock roadway pressure relief blasting[J].Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2010(3):169-169.
[3]高冬,姚刚.浅谈深孔卸压爆破技术的理论研究现状和方向[C]//公茂泉.山东省煤矿冲击地压防治研讨会议论文集.济南:山东科学技术出版社,2007:335-341.GAO D,YAO G.Present situation and direction of theoretical research on deep-hole pressure relieving blasting technology[C]//GONG M Q.Discussion on proposals on prevention and control of rock burst in Shandong Province.Jinan:Shandong Science and Technology Press,2007:335-341.
[4]黄浩,陈清国,秦奋,等.煤体卸压爆破技术在冲击地压区的应用[J].煤矿安全,2008,39(8):57-60.HUANG H,CHEN Q G,QIN F,et al.Application of coal pressure relief blasting technology in rockburst[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,39(8):57-60.
[5]高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1 588-1 594.GAO K,LIU Z G,LIU J,et al.Application of deep hole blasting in forced caving of goaf in roadway with hard compound composite roof in deep mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1 588-1 594.
[6]王应启.济三煤矿6303工作面巷帮煤体冲击矿压机理研究[J].煤炭工程,2007(1):60-62.WANG Y Q.Study on rock burst mechanism of 6303working face in Jisan coal mine[J].Coal Engineering,2007(1):60-62.
[7]吴兆华,于海勇.官地矿28412工作面初采强制放顶技术实践[J].煤矿开采,2013(1):77-79,53.WU Z H,YU H Y.Practice of forced caving in early mining of 28412 working face in Guandi coal mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2013(1):77-79,53.
[8]岳中文,杨仁树,闫振东,等.复合顶板大断面煤巷围岩稳定性实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S1):47-52.YUE Z W,YANG R S,YAN Z D,et al.Experimental study on surrounding rock stability of largescale coal roadway with composite roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S1):47-52.
[9]陈学华,徐翔,李宁.坚硬顶板深孔爆破卸压技术的研究[J].爆破,2013,30(4):66-70.CHEN X H,XU X,LI N.Research on pressure relief technology of deep hole blasting with hard roof[J].Blasting,2013,30(4):66-70.
[10]李地元,李夕兵,赵国彦.露天开采下地下采空区顶板安全厚度的确定[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):17-20.LI D Y,LI X B,ZHAO G Y.Determination of safety thickness of roof in underground[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2005(5):17-20.
[11]SELLERS E J,KLERCK P.Modeling of the effect of discontinuities on the extent of the fracture zone surrounding deep tunnels[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):463-469.
[12]钱七虎.防护结构计算原理[M].南京:工程兵工程学院,1981:185-214.QIAN Q H.Principle of protection structure calculation[M].Nanjing:Engineering Corps Engineering Institute,1981:185-214.
[13]罗勇,沈兆武,夏红兵.炮孔装药量与炮孔间距关系的研究[J].含能材料,2006(2):151-154.LUO Y,SHEN Z W,XIA H B.Study on the relationship between the volume of blasting and the spacing of blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2006(2):151-154.
[14]姚尧,李鹏,秦明武.深孔孔底柔性垫层的减震作用[C]//冯叔瑜.第七届全国工程爆破学术会议论文集.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001:231-236.YAO Y,LI P,QIN M W.Damping effect of flexible cushion in deep hole[C]//FENG S Y.Proceedings of the 7th national conference on engineering blasting.Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2001:231-236.
[15]李治国,吴全立,汪旭光.钻孔与装药平行作业中的安全性研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(3):9-14.LI Z G,WU Q L,WANG X G.Study on the safety of parallel operation of drilling and charge[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(3):9-14.
[16]国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB 6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.