深部采动围岩宏观变形破坏的力学演化规律
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摘要
为了研究深部采动围岩变形失稳的宏观破坏特征和应力分布的时空演化过程,文章采用计算机数值模拟和实验室相似模型试验方法,探讨了深部采场顶板裂隙场、覆岩位移场和围岩应力场的力学演化规律。结果表明:深部采动围岩经历了瞬时突变、间跃发展、循序卸载、连续传递的渐变破坏过程,覆岩裂隙场具有卸压失稳、起裂张开、萌芽发育、渗透贯通、萎缩拟合、封闭稳定的时空演化特征。岩层运移呈现出较强的"临位空间效应":顶板围岩离煤层越近,位移测线的影响越为强烈,空间影响的范围越为集中,岩层连续移动的阶段可控性越弱;反之顶板岩层距离煤层越远,临位空间的影响机制减弱,覆岩下沉量变小,应力传递与荷载转移的灵动性渐趋惰性。深部采动围岩的应力分布具有近场力学效应影响显著、远场力链承载体系减弱的区间性演化特点,围岩应力短时间内的骤然增大和不规则开采引起的高应力集中叠加效应是诱发采场冲击性动力失稳灾害事故的力学根源。
In order to study the macroscopic deformation-failure characteristics and time-space evolution rules of stress distribution of surrounding rocks in deep mining,mechanical evolution laws of roof crack field,overlying rock displacement field and surrounding rock stress field in deep mining were studied by using the methods of computer numerical simulation and laboratory similar model test.The results show that the surrounding rock has experienced gradual failure process of transient mutation,jump development,sequential unloading and continuous transmission,overlying rock fissure field has the time and space evolution characteristics of pressure relief induced instability,crack opening,crack development,through-penetration,shrinking fitting and closed stability.The migration of strata has a strong influence on"adjacent space effect":the roof surrounding rock is closer to the coal seam,the influence of displacement measurement line is stronger,and the range of spatial effect is more concentrated,the stage controllability of the strata movement becomes weaker,otherwise when the distance between the roof layer and the coal seam is larger,the impact mechanism of adjacent space decreases,overburden subsidence is smaller,the stress transfer and load transfer mobility is inert.The stress distribution of surrounding rock in deep mining has interval evolutionary characteristics of the significant influence on the near field mechanical effect and the weakening of the far field force chain bearing system.The sudden increase in stress of surrounding rock in short time and superposition effect of high stress concentration caused by irregular mining are the mechanical causes of impact dynamic instability of mining field.
In order to study the macroscopic deformation-failure characteristics and time-space evolution rules of stress distribution of surrounding rocks in deep mining,mechanical evolution laws of roof crack field,overlying rock displacement field and surrounding rock stress field in deep mining were studied by using the methods of computer numerical simulation and laboratory similar model test.The results show that the surrounding rock has experienced gradual failure process of transient mutation,jump development,sequential unloading and continuous transmission,overlying rock fissure field has the time and space evolution characteristics of pressure relief induced instability,crack opening,crack development,through-penetration,shrinking fitting and closed stability.The migration of strata has a strong influence on"adjacent space effect":the roof surrounding rock is closer to the coal seam,the influence of displacement measurement line is stronger,and the range of spatial effect is more concentrated,the stage controllability of the strata movement becomes weaker,otherwise when the distance between the roof layer and the coal seam is larger,the impact mechanism of adjacent space decreases,overburden subsidence is smaller,the stress transfer and load transfer mobility is inert.The stress distribution of surrounding rock in deep mining has interval evolutionary characteristics of the significant influence on the near field mechanical effect and the weakening of the far field force chain bearing system.The sudden increase in stress of surrounding rock in short time and superposition effect of high stress concentration caused by irregular mining are the mechanical causes of impact dynamic instability of mining field.
引文
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[9]常聚才,谢广祥.深部巷道围岩力学特征及其稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报, 2009, 34(7):881-886.CHANG Jucai, XIE Guangxiang. Mechanical Characteristics and Stability Control of Rock Roadway Surrounding Rock in Deep Mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2009, 34(7):881-886.
[10]谢广祥,常聚才.超挖锚注回填控制深部巷道底臌研究[J].煤炭学报, 2010, 35(8):1242-1246.XIE Guangxiang, CHANG Jucai. Study on Overcutting-bolting and Grouting-backfilling Concrete to Control the Floor Heave ofDeep Mine Roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(8):1242-1246.
[11]常聚才,谢广祥.深部岩巷底鼓机理及底板超挖锚注回填技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2011, 28(3):361-369.CHANG Jucai, XIE Guangxiang. Floor Heave Mechanism and Over-excavation&Grouting-backfilling Technology in Rock Road?way of Deep Mine[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2011, 28(3):361-369.
[12]王汉鹏,李术才,李为腾,等.深部厚煤层回采巷道围岩破坏机制及支护优化[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2012, 29(5):631-636.WANG Hanpeng, LI Shucai, LI Weiteng, et al. Failure Mechanism of Roadway Surrounding Rock in Deep Thick Coal Seam and ItsSupport Optimization[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2012, 29(5):631-636.
[13]谢生荣,谢国强,何尚森,等.深部软岩巷道锚喷注强化承压拱支护机理及其应用[J].煤炭学报, 2014, 39(3):404-409.XIE Shengrong, XIE Guoqiang, HE Shangsen, et al. Anchor-spray-injection Strengthened Bearing Arch Supporting Mechanism ofDeep Soft Rock Roadway and Its Application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(3):404-409.
[14]王连国,陆银龙,黄耀光,等.深部软岩巷道深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2016, 45(1):11-18.WANG Lianguo, LU Yinlong, HUANG Yaoguang, et al. Deep-shallow Coupled Bolt-grouting Support Technology for Soft RockRoadway in Deep Mine[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2016, 45(1):11-18.
[15]王卫军,郭罡业,朱永建,等.高应力软岩巷道围岩塑性区恶性扩展过程及其控制[J].煤炭学报, 2015, 40(12):2747-2754.WANG Weijun, GUO Gangye, ZHU Yongjian, et al. Malignant Development Process of Plastic Zone and Control Technology ofHigh Stress and Soft Rock Roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2015, 40(12):2747-2754.
[16]陈上元,宋常胜,郭志飚,等.深部动压巷道非对称变形力学机制及控制对策[J].煤炭学报, 2016, 41(1):246-254.CHEN Shangyuan, SONG Changsheng, GUO Zhibiao, et al. Asymmetric Deformation Mechanical Mechanism and Control Counter?measure for Deep Roadway Affected by Mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(1):246-254.
[17]闫书缘,杨科,廖斌琛,等.潘二矿下向卸压开采高应力演化特征试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2013, 34(9):2551-2556.YAN Shuyuan, YANG Ke, LIAO Binchen, et al. Experimental Study of High Mining-induced Stress Evolution Characteristics ofDownward Relieving Mining in Paner Coal Mine[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(9):2551-2556.
[18]刘杰,王恩元,赵恩来,等.深部工作面采动应力场分布变化规律实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2014, 31(1):60-65.LIU Jie, WANG Enyuan,ZHAOEnlai,et al.Distributionand Variation of Mining-induced Stress Fieldin DeepWorkface[J]. Journalof Mining and Safety Engineering, 2014, 31(1):60-65.
[19]司荣军,王春秋,谭云亮.采场支承压力分布规律的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28(2):351-354.SI Rongjun, WANG Chunqiu, TAN Yunliang. Numerical Simulation of Abutment Pressure Distribution Laws of Working Faces[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(2):351-354.
[2]何满潮.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[C]//中国岩石力学与工程学会.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社, 2004.HEManchao.PresentSituationandProspectofRockMechanicsinDeepMiningEngineering[C]//ChineseSocietyforRockMechanicsand Engineering. Proceedings of the 8thNational Conference on Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Beijing:Science Press, 2004.
[3] SHEMYAKIN E I, FISENKO G L, KURLENYA M V, et al. Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around Underground Workings, PartⅢ:Theoretical Concepts[J]. Journal of Mining Science, 1987, 23(1):1-6.
[4] SHEMYASKIN E I, KURLENYA M V, OPARIN V N, et al. Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around Underground Workings, PartⅣ:Practical Applications[J]. Journal of Mining Science, 1989, 25(4):297-302.
[5] SHARAN S K. Exact and Approximate Solutions for Displacements around Circular Openings in Elastic-brittle-plastic Hoek-Brown Rock[J]. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2005,42(4):542-549.
[6] KYUNG H P, YONG J K. Analytical Solution for a Circular Opening in an Elastic-brittle-plastic Rock[J]. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min.Sci., 2006, 43(4):616-622.
[7]袁亮,薛俊华,刘泉声,等.煤矿深部岩巷围岩控制理论与支护技术[J].煤炭学报, 2011, 36(4):535-543.YUAN Liang, XUE Junhua, LIU Quansheng, et al. Surrounding Rock Stability Control Theory and Support Technique in Deep RockRoadway for Coal Mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2011, 36(4):535-543.
[8]谢广祥,常聚才.深井巷道控制围岩最小变形时空耦合一体化支护[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2013, 42(2):183-187.XIE Guangxiang, CHANG Jucai. Study of space-time Coupled and Integrative Supporting Method of Controlling the Minimum Defor?mation of Surrounding Rock in Deep Mine Roadway[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2013, 42(2):183-187.
[9]常聚才,谢广祥.深部巷道围岩力学特征及其稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报, 2009, 34(7):881-886.CHANG Jucai, XIE Guangxiang. Mechanical Characteristics and Stability Control of Rock Roadway Surrounding Rock in Deep Mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2009, 34(7):881-886.
[10]谢广祥,常聚才.超挖锚注回填控制深部巷道底臌研究[J].煤炭学报, 2010, 35(8):1242-1246.XIE Guangxiang, CHANG Jucai. Study on Overcutting-bolting and Grouting-backfilling Concrete to Control the Floor Heave ofDeep Mine Roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(8):1242-1246.
[11]常聚才,谢广祥.深部岩巷底鼓机理及底板超挖锚注回填技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2011, 28(3):361-369.CHANG Jucai, XIE Guangxiang. Floor Heave Mechanism and Over-excavation&Grouting-backfilling Technology in Rock Road?way of Deep Mine[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2011, 28(3):361-369.
[12]王汉鹏,李术才,李为腾,等.深部厚煤层回采巷道围岩破坏机制及支护优化[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2012, 29(5):631-636.WANG Hanpeng, LI Shucai, LI Weiteng, et al. Failure Mechanism of Roadway Surrounding Rock in Deep Thick Coal Seam and ItsSupport Optimization[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2012, 29(5):631-636.
[13]谢生荣,谢国强,何尚森,等.深部软岩巷道锚喷注强化承压拱支护机理及其应用[J].煤炭学报, 2014, 39(3):404-409.XIE Shengrong, XIE Guoqiang, HE Shangsen, et al. Anchor-spray-injection Strengthened Bearing Arch Supporting Mechanism ofDeep Soft Rock Roadway and Its Application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(3):404-409.
[14]王连国,陆银龙,黄耀光,等.深部软岩巷道深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2016, 45(1):11-18.WANG Lianguo, LU Yinlong, HUANG Yaoguang, et al. Deep-shallow Coupled Bolt-grouting Support Technology for Soft RockRoadway in Deep Mine[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2016, 45(1):11-18.
[15]王卫军,郭罡业,朱永建,等.高应力软岩巷道围岩塑性区恶性扩展过程及其控制[J].煤炭学报, 2015, 40(12):2747-2754.WANG Weijun, GUO Gangye, ZHU Yongjian, et al. Malignant Development Process of Plastic Zone and Control Technology ofHigh Stress and Soft Rock Roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2015, 40(12):2747-2754.
[16]陈上元,宋常胜,郭志飚,等.深部动压巷道非对称变形力学机制及控制对策[J].煤炭学报, 2016, 41(1):246-254.CHEN Shangyuan, SONG Changsheng, GUO Zhibiao, et al. Asymmetric Deformation Mechanical Mechanism and Control Counter?measure for Deep Roadway Affected by Mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(1):246-254.
[17]闫书缘,杨科,廖斌琛,等.潘二矿下向卸压开采高应力演化特征试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2013, 34(9):2551-2556.YAN Shuyuan, YANG Ke, LIAO Binchen, et al. Experimental Study of High Mining-induced Stress Evolution Characteristics ofDownward Relieving Mining in Paner Coal Mine[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(9):2551-2556.
[18]刘杰,王恩元,赵恩来,等.深部工作面采动应力场分布变化规律实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2014, 31(1):60-65.LIU Jie, WANG Enyuan,ZHAOEnlai,et al.Distributionand Variation of Mining-induced Stress Fieldin DeepWorkface[J]. Journalof Mining and Safety Engineering, 2014, 31(1):60-65.
[19]司荣军,王春秋,谭云亮.采场支承压力分布规律的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28(2):351-354.SI Rongjun, WANG Chunqiu, TAN Yunliang. Numerical Simulation of Abutment Pressure Distribution Laws of Working Faces[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(2):351-354.
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