罗源湾春季和秋季游泳动物多样性分析
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摘要
根据2016年4月和11月在罗源湾进行的底层单拖网调查资料,对该海域游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,该海域共捕获游泳动物94种,以暖水性和暖温性种类为主,两者占总种数的87.2%,具有典型的亚热带区系特点。罗源湾内春季和秋季的相对渔业资源生物量均值分别为130.0 kg·km~(-2)和175.3 kg·km~(-2),属渔业资源量相对较差的海域。以生物量为单位计算生物群落多样性,Shannon-Weaver种类多样性指数H′的春季和秋季平均值分别为2.62和2.84;Margalef种类丰富度指数D的春季和秋季平均值为1.52和1.64;Pielou种类均匀度指数J′的春季和秋季平均值分别为0.66和0.75,生物多样性处于偏低水平。优势种有细巧仿对虾、孔虾虎鱼、褐菖鲉、龙头鱼、大黄鱼和日本蟳,优势种季节更替明显。与历史资料相比,罗源湾游泳动物种类数明显减少,经济种无法形成产量,渔业资源呈现出小型化和低质化状态。
Based on the date of bottom trawl surveys in April and November of 2016, the biodiversity of nekton in Luoyuan bay were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that 94 species of nekton were collected from the bottom trawl surveying. There were mainly warm-water and warm-temperature species of nekton in Luoyuan bay, both of which account for 87.2% of the total number of species. It can be seen that there had typical subtropical features in Luoyuan bay. The mean relative resource density for spring and autumn were 130.0 kg·km~(-2) and 175.3 kg·km~(-2) respectively. Luoyuan bay belonged to a relatively poor fishery resource area. The Shannon diversity index H′ for spring and autumn were 2.62 and 2.84 respectively. The species richness d for spring and autumn were 1.52 and 1.64 respectively. The evenness index J′ for spring and autumn were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. Biodiversity were on the low level. The dominant species were Parapenaeopsis tenella, Trypauchen vagina, Sebastiscus marmoratus, Harpadon nehereus, Larimichthys crocea and Charybdis japonica. It was obvious for seasonal change of dominant species. Compared with historical data,nekton resources were obviously declining, economic species can not formed yield, the fishery resources were characterized by small-scale fishes and low values.
Based on the date of bottom trawl surveys in April and November of 2016, the biodiversity of nekton in Luoyuan bay were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that 94 species of nekton were collected from the bottom trawl surveying. There were mainly warm-water and warm-temperature species of nekton in Luoyuan bay, both of which account for 87.2% of the total number of species. It can be seen that there had typical subtropical features in Luoyuan bay. The mean relative resource density for spring and autumn were 130.0 kg·km~(-2) and 175.3 kg·km~(-2) respectively. Luoyuan bay belonged to a relatively poor fishery resource area. The Shannon diversity index H′ for spring and autumn were 2.62 and 2.84 respectively. The species richness d for spring and autumn were 1.52 and 1.64 respectively. The evenness index J′ for spring and autumn were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. Biodiversity were on the low level. The dominant species were Parapenaeopsis tenella, Trypauchen vagina, Sebastiscus marmoratus, Harpadon nehereus, Larimichthys crocea and Charybdis japonica. It was obvious for seasonal change of dominant species. Compared with historical data,nekton resources were obviously declining, economic species can not formed yield, the fishery resources were characterized by small-scale fishes and low values.
引文
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[23]陈志梅,余兴光,陈克亮,等.基于多级模糊识别模型的罗源湾生态风险综合评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(4):568-576.
[24]SIMIER M,BLANC L,ALIAUME C,et al.Spatial and temporal structure of fish assemblages in an“inverse estuary”,the Sine Saloum system(Senegal)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59:69-86.
[25]王伟定,俞国平,梁君,等.东海区适宜增殖放流种类的筛选与应用[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(4):379-383.
[26]罗海舟,张华东,李鹏飞,等.东海区龙头鱼数量分布与渔业生物学现状分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(3):202-205.
[2]蔡爱萍,洪雄业,杨玉波.福建省近岸海域海洋生态健康评价与分析[J].海峡科学,2011(12):30-34.
[3]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[4]马超,沈长春,刘勇.罗源湾夏季游泳动物种类组成及其多样性[J].福建水产,2012,34(6):449-454.
[5]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所.GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[6]PINKAS L,OLIPHAMT M S,IVERSON I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters[J].Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[7]韩洁,张志南,于子山.渤海中、南部大型底栖动物的群落结构[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):531-537.
[8]WILHM J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon’s formula[J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156.
[9]MARGALEF R.Perspective in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1968.
[10]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana IL:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[11]PIELOU E C.Ecological Diversity[M].New York:John Wiley,1975.
[12]朱元鼎.福建鱼类志(上卷)[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1984.
[13]朱元鼎.福建鱼类志(下卷)[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1985.
[14]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅,等.东海大陆架生物资源与环境[M].上海:科技出版社,2003.
[15]2016年福建省海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2017-10-10].http://www.fjof.gov.cn/xxgk/tzgg/201710/P020171010322542168715.
[16]余东,张民生,林建国,等.罗源湾水体重金属现场调查与浓度数值模拟分析[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(2):248-252.
[17]蔡雷鸣,翁蓁洲,吴品煌.罗源湾海水中粪大肠菌群的来源及空间分布[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(4):414-420.
[18]林志兰,余兴光,刘希等.罗源湾区域入海非点源污染COD排放量估算[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(2):209-215.
[19]基于3S技术的环罗源湾区域氮磷污染物入海通量研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2011,22(4):97-102.
[20]邵崴.环罗源湾区域土地利用变化研究峡[J].化学工程与装备,2015(9):256-257.
[21]王勇智,马林娜,谷东起,等.罗源湾围填海的海洋环境影响分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(11):129-133.
[22]王勇智,孙惠凤,谷东起,等.罗源湾多年围填海工程对水动力环境的积累影响研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(3):16-24.
[23]陈志梅,余兴光,陈克亮,等.基于多级模糊识别模型的罗源湾生态风险综合评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(4):568-576.
[24]SIMIER M,BLANC L,ALIAUME C,et al.Spatial and temporal structure of fish assemblages in an“inverse estuary”,the Sine Saloum system(Senegal)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59:69-86.
[25]王伟定,俞国平,梁君,等.东海区适宜增殖放流种类的筛选与应用[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(4):379-383.
[26]罗海舟,张华东,李鹏飞,等.东海区龙头鱼数量分布与渔业生物学现状分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(3):202-205.
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