谁在从事农业规模化经营?——新型农业经营主体及其成长特征分析
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摘要
将各类新型农业经营主体置于同一框架下,利用实地调查数据对其核心成员及其成长特征进行分析。结果显示:新型经营农业主体的核心成员年轻化、本地化、职业化趋势日益明显,所在家庭的文化、收入、消费等水平普遍较高,具备良好的社会关系网络,所在村庄区位、经济和社会发展优势明显;新型经营农业主体的成功起步更多地有赖于适合农业发展的自然条件,多数主体的发展尚未进入成熟阶段,多要素驱动与多样化挑战并存,其规模扩张意愿较强,而"代际传承"意愿不高。
Based on field survey data,this paper analyzes the core members of new agricultural operators and their growth characteristics by placing various large-scaled agricultural operators under the same framework. The results show that the increasingly evident trend of youth,localization,and professionalization of core member whose family enjoy better education,higher income,and higher consumption level with good social network and obviously advantageous village location and economic and social development; the successful start of their business depends more on the natural conditions suitable for agriculture; most of their development have not yet entered the mature stage and multi-element driving and diversification challenges coexist; although they are willing to upgrade the scale of their business,they are not quite ready for "generational inheritance".
Based on field survey data,this paper analyzes the core members of new agricultural operators and their growth characteristics by placing various large-scaled agricultural operators under the same framework. The results show that the increasingly evident trend of youth,localization,and professionalization of core member whose family enjoy better education,higher income,and higher consumption level with good social network and obviously advantageous village location and economic and social development; the successful start of their business depends more on the natural conditions suitable for agriculture; most of their development have not yet entered the mature stage and multi-element driving and diversification challenges coexist; although they are willing to upgrade the scale of their business,they are not quite ready for "generational inheritance".
引文
[1]张晓山.创新农业基本经营制度发展现代农业[J].农业经济问题,2006(8):4-9,79.
[2]陈晓华.大力培育新型农业经营主体——在中国农业经济学会年会上的致辞[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(1):4-7.
[3]黄祖辉,俞宁.新型农业经营主体:现状、约束与发展思路——以浙江省为例的分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(10):16-26,56.
[4]孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的地位和顶层设计[J].改革,2014(5):32-34.
[5]张红宇.新型农业经营主体发展趋势研究[J].经济与管理评论,2015(1):104-109.
[6]鲁钊阳.新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(6):41-58.
[7]楼栋,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的多维发展形式和现实观照[J].改革,2013(2):65-77.
[8]郭庆海.新型农业经营主体功能定位及成长的制度供给[J].中国农村经济,2013(4):4-11.
[9]张红宇.深入实施培育新型农业经营主体重大战略[J].农村经营管理,2016(9):6-7.
[10]周应恒,胡凌啸,严斌剑.农业经营主体和经营规模演化的国际经验分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(9):80-95.
[11]AHEARN M C,EL-OSTA H,DEWBRE J.The impact of coupled and decoupled government subsidies on off-farm labor participation of U.S.farm operators[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2010,88(2):393-408.
[12]GOODWIN B K,MISHRA A K.Farming efficiency and the determinants of multiple job holding by farm operators[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2004,86(3):722-729.
[13]WEISS C R.Farm growth and survival:Econometric evidence for individual farms in upper Austria[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1999,81(1):103-116.
[14]El-OSTA H.A typology of socioeconomic disadvantage among farm operator households:Assessment of contributing factors using evidence from a national survey[J].Applied Research in Quality of Life,2014,9(1):15-44.
[15]RYLKO D,JOLLY R W.Russia’s new agricultural operators:Their emergence,growth and impact[J].Comparative Economic Studies,2005,47(1):115-126.
[16]于亢亢,朱信凯,王浩.现代农业经营主体的变化趋势与动因——基于全国范围县级问卷调查的分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(10):78-90.
[17]钱克明,彭廷军.关于现代农业经营主体的调研报告[J].农业经济问题,2013,34(8):60-61.
[18]郑风田,张璟,乔慧,等.我国新型经营主体发展现状、问题与对策——来自山东省496个调查样本分析[J].农业经济与管理,2016(1):28-35.
[19]刘景景,龙文军.新型渔业经营主体特征和现实约束[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(6):600-605.
[20]YU K,ZHU X,CHEN X.Transaction costs and performance variation of agricultural operators[J].China Agricultural Economic Review,2015,7(3):374-388.
[21]王慧敏,龙文军.新型农业经营主体的多元发展形式和制度供给[J].中国农村金融,2014(1):25-27.
[22]孟丽,钟永玲,李楠.我国新型农业经营主体功能定位及结构演变研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015(1):41-45.
[23]FEINERMAN E,FINKELSHTAIN I.Introducing socioeconomic characteristics into production analysis under risk[J].Agricultural Economics,1996,13(3):149-161.
[24]张扬.试论我国新型农业经营主体形成的条件与路径——基于农业要素集聚的视角分析[J].当代经济科学,2014,36(3):112-117.
[25]汪发元.新型农业经营主体成长面临的问题与化解对策[J].经济纵横,2015(2):31-35.
[26]韩振国,胥潇,汪力斌.关系型社会资本与家庭农场发展研究[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2015,29(6):30-35.
(1)抽样按照如下步骤进行,每省选择1个市,每个市随机抽取3个县,每个县先从农业部门获取该县新型农业经营主体的清单,然后随机选择清单中1/3的新型经营主体进行问卷调研。此外,鉴于现实中较难区分家庭农场和专业大户的区别,且两种类型的主体多表现为家庭经营的方式而不同于合作经营和企业经营,故课题组将两者视为同类主体合并统计并加以分析。
(1)打分排序的做法如下:先要求被访者从包括“其他”在内的上述六个因素中按照重要性的高低选出前三项的主要原因;然后在数据处理的过程中,对排首位的原因赋值为3,排第二位的原因赋值为2,排第三位的原因赋值为1;最后计算每个选项的得分均值并排序。结果如下:“当地有农业发展的自然基础”为1.19分,“有农业生产经营的技术或经验”为0.97分、“当时市场形势有利”为0.95,“有政府的优惠政策与支持”为0.63分,“个人社会关系较好”为0.22分,“其他”为0.63分(包含了个人兴趣、合作社等先行者引导、农业相对稳定等原因)
[2]陈晓华.大力培育新型农业经营主体——在中国农业经济学会年会上的致辞[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(1):4-7.
[3]黄祖辉,俞宁.新型农业经营主体:现状、约束与发展思路——以浙江省为例的分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(10):16-26,56.
[4]孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的地位和顶层设计[J].改革,2014(5):32-34.
[5]张红宇.新型农业经营主体发展趋势研究[J].经济与管理评论,2015(1):104-109.
[6]鲁钊阳.新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(6):41-58.
[7]楼栋,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的多维发展形式和现实观照[J].改革,2013(2):65-77.
[8]郭庆海.新型农业经营主体功能定位及成长的制度供给[J].中国农村经济,2013(4):4-11.
[9]张红宇.深入实施培育新型农业经营主体重大战略[J].农村经营管理,2016(9):6-7.
[10]周应恒,胡凌啸,严斌剑.农业经营主体和经营规模演化的国际经验分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(9):80-95.
[11]AHEARN M C,EL-OSTA H,DEWBRE J.The impact of coupled and decoupled government subsidies on off-farm labor participation of U.S.farm operators[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2010,88(2):393-408.
[12]GOODWIN B K,MISHRA A K.Farming efficiency and the determinants of multiple job holding by farm operators[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2004,86(3):722-729.
[13]WEISS C R.Farm growth and survival:Econometric evidence for individual farms in upper Austria[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1999,81(1):103-116.
[14]El-OSTA H.A typology of socioeconomic disadvantage among farm operator households:Assessment of contributing factors using evidence from a national survey[J].Applied Research in Quality of Life,2014,9(1):15-44.
[15]RYLKO D,JOLLY R W.Russia’s new agricultural operators:Their emergence,growth and impact[J].Comparative Economic Studies,2005,47(1):115-126.
[16]于亢亢,朱信凯,王浩.现代农业经营主体的变化趋势与动因——基于全国范围县级问卷调查的分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(10):78-90.
[17]钱克明,彭廷军.关于现代农业经营主体的调研报告[J].农业经济问题,2013,34(8):60-61.
[18]郑风田,张璟,乔慧,等.我国新型经营主体发展现状、问题与对策——来自山东省496个调查样本分析[J].农业经济与管理,2016(1):28-35.
[19]刘景景,龙文军.新型渔业经营主体特征和现实约束[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(6):600-605.
[20]YU K,ZHU X,CHEN X.Transaction costs and performance variation of agricultural operators[J].China Agricultural Economic Review,2015,7(3):374-388.
[21]王慧敏,龙文军.新型农业经营主体的多元发展形式和制度供给[J].中国农村金融,2014(1):25-27.
[22]孟丽,钟永玲,李楠.我国新型农业经营主体功能定位及结构演变研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015(1):41-45.
[23]FEINERMAN E,FINKELSHTAIN I.Introducing socioeconomic characteristics into production analysis under risk[J].Agricultural Economics,1996,13(3):149-161.
[24]张扬.试论我国新型农业经营主体形成的条件与路径——基于农业要素集聚的视角分析[J].当代经济科学,2014,36(3):112-117.
[25]汪发元.新型农业经营主体成长面临的问题与化解对策[J].经济纵横,2015(2):31-35.
[26]韩振国,胥潇,汪力斌.关系型社会资本与家庭农场发展研究[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2015,29(6):30-35.
(1)抽样按照如下步骤进行,每省选择1个市,每个市随机抽取3个县,每个县先从农业部门获取该县新型农业经营主体的清单,然后随机选择清单中1/3的新型经营主体进行问卷调研。此外,鉴于现实中较难区分家庭农场和专业大户的区别,且两种类型的主体多表现为家庭经营的方式而不同于合作经营和企业经营,故课题组将两者视为同类主体合并统计并加以分析。
(1)打分排序的做法如下:先要求被访者从包括“其他”在内的上述六个因素中按照重要性的高低选出前三项的主要原因;然后在数据处理的过程中,对排首位的原因赋值为3,排第二位的原因赋值为2,排第三位的原因赋值为1;最后计算每个选项的得分均值并排序。结果如下:“当地有农业发展的自然基础”为1.19分,“有农业生产经营的技术或经验”为0.97分、“当时市场形势有利”为0.95,“有政府的优惠政策与支持”为0.63分,“个人社会关系较好”为0.22分,“其他”为0.63分(包含了个人兴趣、合作社等先行者引导、农业相对稳定等原因)