新疆博尔塔拉河冬季鱼类群落空间分布及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为完善新疆博尔塔拉河流域的渔业生态评估及体系养护,2016年11月在博尔塔拉河流域展开资源调查,于干流设置4个监测断面,对该水域鱼类群落结构进行研究。本调查共采集鱼类1515尾,隶属于3目5科14属,共计15种,均为硬骨鱼类;通过相对重要性指数(IRI指数)获得的博尔塔拉河干流的鱼类优势种共计3种,分别为麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)和新疆高原鳅(Triplophysastrauchii)。基于Bray-Curtis相似性指数的二维聚类分析结果显示,在60%相似水平上空间聚类,可将博尔塔拉河分为上游及下游2组,物种聚类在50%相似水平上可分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ共计4组。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,影响冬季鱼类群落空间结构的主要环境因子为海拔、温度和溶氧。对照历史资料结果表明,博尔塔拉河流域的土著鱼类种类减少;外来鱼类种类逐年增加;经济鱼种减少;鱼类群落小型化明显。本研究可为该流域生态环境评估、水资源开发利用及渔业资源养护提供基础数据,具有一定的参考价值。
Knowledge about the differences or variations in the fish community is important to assess and predict the effects of habitat loss or environment degradation on the river ecosystems. The Bortala River is an important interior river in Xinjiang, China. Although research regarding spring and summer fish communities has been reported, that regarding winter fish communities is lacking. Based on fishery resource surveys in November 2016 at the mainstream of the Bortala River, the fish community structure and diversity of the river were analyzed. The results indicated that a total of 1515 fishes were collected at4 representative sections, which belonged to 3 orders, 4 families, 14 genera, and 15 species. The dominant species(IRI?1000) in the mainstream of the Bortala River were Pseudorasbora parva, Abbottina rivularis,and Triplophysa strauchii. A group-averaged hierarchical cluster based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index identified two spatial patterns of the fish assemblage at the 60% similarity level and four patterns of species composition at the 50% similarity level. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) suggested that altitude, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were the major environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of fish assemblages in winter. The results of this study indicated that the species of native fish have declined, and the species of fish with low economic value have increased significantly. The aquatic ecosystem will be destroyed unless effective measures are taken to protect the native fish. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms by which these factors operate together upon the fish assembles in the Bortala River in winter.
Knowledge about the differences or variations in the fish community is important to assess and predict the effects of habitat loss or environment degradation on the river ecosystems. The Bortala River is an important interior river in Xinjiang, China. Although research regarding spring and summer fish communities has been reported, that regarding winter fish communities is lacking. Based on fishery resource surveys in November 2016 at the mainstream of the Bortala River, the fish community structure and diversity of the river were analyzed. The results indicated that a total of 1515 fishes were collected at4 representative sections, which belonged to 3 orders, 4 families, 14 genera, and 15 species. The dominant species(IRI?1000) in the mainstream of the Bortala River were Pseudorasbora parva, Abbottina rivularis,and Triplophysa strauchii. A group-averaged hierarchical cluster based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index identified two spatial patterns of the fish assemblage at the 60% similarity level and four patterns of species composition at the 50% similarity level. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) suggested that altitude, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were the major environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of fish assemblages in winter. The results of this study indicated that the species of native fish have declined, and the species of fish with low economic value have increased significantly. The aquatic ecosystem will be destroyed unless effective measures are taken to protect the native fish. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms by which these factors operate together upon the fish assembles in the Bortala River in winter.
引文
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Braak CJFT.Correspondence analysis of incidence and abundance data:Properties in terms of a unimodal response model.Biometrics,1985,41(4):859-873
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Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Fauna Xinjiang.Urumqi:Xinjiang People's Publishing Press,1979[中国科学院动物研究所.新疆鱼类志(第Ⅰ版).乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1979,71]
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Shan XJ,Jin XS,Zhou Z,et al.Fish community diversity in the middle continental shelf of the East China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,29(6):1199-1208
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Yang YY,Li ZY,Wu Q,et al.Interannual variations in community structure and species diversity of fishery resources in the Laizhou Bay.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(1):22-29[杨尧尧,李忠义,吴强,等.莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和多样性的年际变化.渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):22-29]
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Bilali,Yi M,Wang YH,et al.Riparian zone of lower reaches of the Bortala River.Arid Zone Research,2014,31(2):216-221[比拉力,依明,王勇辉,等.博尔塔拉河下游河岸带土壤养分特征及其相关性分析.干旱区研究,2014,31(2):216-221]
Borcard D,Gillet F,Legendre P,et al.Lai JS(Translated by).Numerical ecology with R.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2014[博卡德,吉莱,勒让德,等.赖江山(译).数量生态学:R语言的应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2014]
Bray JR,Curtis JT.An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin.Ecological Monographs,1957(27):325-349
Braak CJFT.Correspondence analysis of incidence and abundance data:Properties in terms of a unimodal response model.Biometrics,1985,41(4):859-873
Braak CJFT.Canonical correspondence analysis:A new eigenvector method for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology,1986,67(5):1167-1179
Cai LG,Li H,Han SW,et al.The river ecosystem and fish resources of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang.Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Press,2009[蔡林钢,李红,韩生玮,等.新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州河流生态与鱼类资源(第Ⅰ版).乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2009,173]
Chambers CA,Dick TA.Trophic structure of one deep-sea benthic fish community in the Eastern Canadian Arctic:Application of food,parasites and multivariate analysis.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2005,74(3-4):365-378
Chen YY.Fauna Sinica,Osteichthyes,CypriniformesⅡ.Beijing:Science Press,1998[陈宜瑜.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(中卷)(第Ⅰ版).北京:科学出版社,1998,531]
Chen YY.Fauna Sinica,Osteichthyes,CypriniformesⅢ.Beijing:Science Press,2000[陈宜瑜.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(下卷)(第Ⅰ版).北京:科学出版社,2000,661]
Dong Y,Haimiti Y,Ba Y,et al.Analysis on concentration and correlation of runoff and precipitation in Bortala River basin.Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering.2014,25(4):28-34[董煜,海米提·依米提,巴音查汗,等.博尔塔拉河径流与降水的集中性及关联性分析.水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(4):28-34]
Gulijimi A.Climate change in Xinjiang Bortala River basin and its effects on runoff Bortala River in recent 50 years.Master′s Thesis of Xinjiang Normal University,2012,63[古丽吉米丽·艾尼.近50年博尔塔拉河流域气候变化对径流量的影响研究.新疆师范大学硕士研究生学位论文,2012,63]
Guo Y,Cai LG,Zhang RM,et al.The native fisher distributed and made of evolution in the Yili River(China’s Section).Arid Zone Research,1999,16(2):31-35[郭焱,蔡林刚,张人铭,等.伊犁河(中国境内)土著鱼类的分布与演化.干旱区研究,1999,16(2):31-35]
Guo Y,Cai LG,Zhang RM,et al.Preliminary study on the biological properties of Leuciscus merzbacheri Zugmayer in the Sayram Lake,Xinjiang.Arid Zone Research,2005,22(2):197-200[郭焱,蔡林钢,张人铭,吐尔逊,张北平.新疆赛里木湖准噶尔雅罗鱼生物学特征观测.干旱区研究,2005,22(2):197-200]
Guo Y,Zhang RM,Cai LG,et al.Fauna Xinjiang.Urumqi:Xinjiang People's Publishing Press,2012[郭焱,张人铭,蔡林钢,等.新疆鱼类志(第Ⅰ版).乌鲁木齐:新疆科技出版社,2012,220]
Han Q.Evaluation of fragile environment and study of typical region.Master′s Thesis of Xinjiang University,2005[韩茜.新疆脆弱生态区评价及典型区研究.新疆大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005,75]
Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Fauna Xinjiang.Urumqi:Xinjiang People's Publishing Press,1979[中国科学院动物研究所.新疆鱼类志(第Ⅰ版).乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1979,71]
Ka ML.The hydrological characteristics of Bortala River.Beijing:the 5th youth academic annual meeting of the China association of science and technology,2004,139-140[卡米拉.博尔塔拉河水文特性.北京:中国科协第五届青年学术年会,2004,139-140]
Li GG,Feng CG,Tang YT,et al.Survey of native fish resources in inland river system in Xinjiang.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2017,52(3):22-27[李国刚,冯晨光,汤永涛,等.新疆内陆河土著鱼类资源调查.甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(3):22-27]
Li J,Li XH,Jia XP,et al.Evolvement and diversity of fish community in Xijiang River.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(2):298-311[李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.西江鱼类群落多样性及其演变.中国水产科学,2010,17(2):298-311]
Li J,Li XH,Jia XP,et al.Relationship between fish community diversity and environmental factors in the Lianjiang River,Guangdong,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(18):5795-5805[李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.连江鱼类群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2012,32(18):5795-5805]
Li SZ,Dai DY,Zhang SY,et al.Notes on a collection of fishes from north Sinkiang,China.Acta Zoologica Sinica,1966,18(1):41-56[李思忠,戴定远,张世义,等.新疆北部鱼类的调查研究.动物学报,1966,18(1):41-56]
Liu H,Niu JG,Liu CC,et al.Fish community structure and relationship with environmental factors of mainstream,Emin River,Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(12):3558-3563[刘鸿,牛建功,刘春池,等.新疆额敏河干流鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,2017,36(12):1-6]
Mao ZG,Gu XH,Zeng QF,et al.Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Tai.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2836-2842[毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842]
Shan XJ,Jin XS,Zhou Z,et al.Fish community diversity in the middle continental shelf of the East China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,29(6):1199-1208
Su HC,Ba Y,Pang CH,et al.Change in Ebinur Lake area and its impact on eco-environment.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(6):941-949[苏宏超,巴音查汗,庞春花,等.艾比湖面积变化及对生态环境影响.冰川冻土,2006,28(6):941-949]
Sun PF,Dai FQ,Chen YL,et al.Seasonal variations in structure of fishery resource in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(6):8-16[孙鹏飞,戴芳群,陈云龙,等.长江口及其邻近海域渔业资源结构的季节变化.渔业科学进展,2015,36(6):8-16]
Wilhm JL.Use of biomass units in Shannon's formula.Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156
Wu YF,Wu CZ.The fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1992[武云飞,吴翠珍.青藏高原鱼类(第Ⅰ版).成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992]
Yang YF,Wang Q,Chen JF,et al.Research advance in estuarine zooplankton ecology.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(2):576-585[杨宇峰,王庆,陈菊芳,等.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展.生态学报,2006,26(2):576-585]
Yang YY,Li ZY,Wu Q,et al.Interannual variations in community structure and species diversity of fishery resources in the Laizhou Bay.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(1):22-29[杨尧尧,李忠义,吴强,等.莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和多样性的年际变化.渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):22-29]
Ye FL.Fish ecology.Guangzhou:Guangdong Higher Education Press,2002[叶富良.鱼类生态学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,2002]
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