土质边坡的饱和-非饱和渗流分析及特殊应力修正
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摘要
基于连续多孔介质原理与混合体原理引入流-固耦合模型,采用FISH语言编制程序,建立了初始渗流场设置函数、饱和-非饱和渗流分析模块、特殊应力修正模块以及非饱和单元抗剪强度修正模块,实现了利用FLAC3D进行饱和-非饱和渗流分析,同时基于饱和-非饱和渗流场修正非饱和区土体单元的有效应力以及抗剪强度,完成了将FLAC3D中饱和土流-固耦合计算原理扩展到非饱和土中。在二次开发的分析模块基础上对Liakopoulos砂柱排水试验进行数值模拟,验证了计算模型和计算程序的正确性。同时也研究了降雨入渗对土质边坡的渗流场、位移场以及稳定性演变过程的影响,揭示了降雨诱发边坡失稳的机制。
Introducing the fluid-mechanical interaction model based on continuous porous media theory and mixture theory, applying FISH language to program, the initial seepage field setting function, the saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis module, the special stress-correction module and shear strength correction module are established. Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis is conducted with FLAC3 D. The effective stress and shear strength of soil zone in the semi-saturated region is modified based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage field and the principle of fluid-mechanical coupling for completely saturated element and extended to unsaturated soil element in FLAC3 D. Based on these analysis modules from secondary development, the water drainage experiment from a sand column conducted by Liakopoulos is numerically simulated to verify the correctness of the model and program. The effect of rainfall infiltration on the seepage field, displacement field and stability evolution of soil slope reveals the mechanism of rainfall-induced failure of slope.
Introducing the fluid-mechanical interaction model based on continuous porous media theory and mixture theory, applying FISH language to program, the initial seepage field setting function, the saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis module, the special stress-correction module and shear strength correction module are established. Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis is conducted with FLAC3 D. The effective stress and shear strength of soil zone in the semi-saturated region is modified based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage field and the principle of fluid-mechanical coupling for completely saturated element and extended to unsaturated soil element in FLAC3 D. Based on these analysis modules from secondary development, the water drainage experiment from a sand column conducted by Liakopoulos is numerically simulated to verify the correctness of the model and program. The effect of rainfall infiltration on the seepage field, displacement field and stability evolution of soil slope reveals the mechanism of rainfall-induced failure of slope.
引文
[1]胡冉,陈益峰,周创兵.降雨入渗过程中土质边坡的固-液-气三相耦合分析[J].中国科学技术,2011,41(11):1469-1482.HU Ran,CHEN Yi-feng,ZHOU Chuang-bing.Modeling of coupled deformation,water flow and gas transport in soil slopes subjected to rain infiltration[J].Scientia Sincia Technologica,2011,41(11):1469-1482.
[2]覃小华,刘东升,宋强辉,等.强降雨条件下基岩型层状边坡入渗模型及稳定性研究入渗过程中土质边坡的固-液-气三相耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(11):3157-3163.QIN Xiao-hua,LIU Dong-sheng,SONG Qiang-hui,et al.Infiltration model of bedrock laminar slope under heavy rainfall and its instability analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(11):3157-3163.
[3]SCHREFLER B A,ZHAN X.A fully coupled model for water flow and airflow in deformable porous media[J].Water Resource Research,1993,29(1):155-167.
[4]SCHREFLER B A,SCOTTA R.A fully coupled dynamic model for two-phase fluid flow in deformable porous media[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics&Engineering,2001,190(24):3223-3246.
[5]D.G弗雷德隆德,H.拉哈尔佐.非饱和土土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.FREDLUND D G.LAHARS H.Unsaturated soil mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1997.
[6]ZIENKIEWICZ O C,XIE Y M,SCHREFLER B A,et al.Static and dynamic behavior of soils:a rational approach to quantitativeⅡ--semi-saturated problems[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering,1990,429(1877):311-321.
[7]CHO S E,LEE S R.Instability of unsaturated soil slopes due to infiltration[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28(3):185-208.
[8]徐晗,朱以文,蔡元奇,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1957-1962.XU Han,ZHU Yi-wen,CAI Yuan-qi,et al.Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes under rainfall infiltration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1957-1962.
[9]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.CHEN Yu-min,XU Ding-ping.Foundation and engineering examples of FLAC/FLAC3D[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2013.
[10]李毅,伍嘉,李坤.基于FLAC3D的饱和-非饱和渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):617-623.LI Yi,WU Jia,LI Kun.Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis based on FLAC3D[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):617-623.
[11]蒋中明,熊小虎,曾玲.基于FLAC3D平台的边坡非饱和降雨入渗分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):855-862.JIANG Zhong-ming,XIONG Xiao-hu,ZENG Ling.Unsaturated seepage analysis of slope under rainfall condition based on FLAC3D[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):855-862.
[12]蒋中明,曾玲,付宏渊,等.极端久雨条件下软岩边坡动态稳定性分析[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(2):27-34.JIANG Zhong-ming,ZENG Ling,FU Hong-yuan.Dynamic stability analysis of soft rock slope under rainfall infiltration[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(2):27-34.
[13]付宏渊,曾玲,王桂尧,等.降雨入渗条件下软岩边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(8):2359-2365.FU Hong-yuan,ZENG Ling,WANG Gui-yao,et al.Stability analysis of soft rock slope due to extremely prolonged rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(8):2359-2365.
[14]ZIENKIEWICZ O C,CHAN A H,PASTOR M,et al.Static and dynamic behavior of soils:a rational approach to quantitative--fully saturated problems[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society:A Mathematical Physical&Engineering,1990,429(1877):285-309.
[15]LIAKOPOULOS A C.Transient flow through unsaturated porous media[D].Berkeley:University of California,1965.
[16]ALONSON E E,GENS A,HIGHT D W.Special problems of soil:general report[C]//Proceedings of Ninth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Dublin:[s.n.],1987.
[17]VAN GENUCHTEN M T.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[18]NUTH M,LALOUI L.Effective stress concept in unsaturated soils:clarification and validation of a unified framework[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2008,32(7):771-801.
[19]汤明高,许强,黄润秋,等.滑坡体基质吸力的观测试验及变化特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):356-362.TANG Ming-gao,XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Experiment and analysis of suction of unsaturated soil in slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(2):356-362.
[20]吴俊杰,王成华,李广信.非饱和土基质吸力对边坡稳定的影响[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):733-736.WU Jun-jie,WANG Cheng-hua,LI Guang-xin.Influence of matric suction in unsaturated soils on slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(5):733-736.
[21]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Online manual of Flac3Dfast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimension[M].Version3.0.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2003.
[22]GAWIN D,SCHREFLER B A.Thermo-hydromechanical analysis of partially saturated porous materials[J].Engineering Computations,1996,13(7):113-143.
[23]JOMMI C,VAUNAT J.Numerical benchmark on multiphase flow[C]//Alert Geomeaterials,Group 4:Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling.[S.l.]:UPCBarcelona,1997.
[24]钱纪芸,张嘎,张建民.降雨条件下土坡变形机制的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):398-402.QIAN Ji-yun,ZHANG Ga,ZHANG Jian-min.Centrifuge model tests for deformation mechanism of soil slope during rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):398-402.
[25]谭新,陈善雄,杨明.降雨条件下土坡饱和-非饱和渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):381-385.TAN Xin,CHEN Shan-xiong,YANG Ming.Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis of slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2l003,24(3):381-385.
[26]MEIN R G,LARSON C L.Modeling infiltration during a steady rain[J].Water Resources Research,1973,9(2):384-394.
[27]戚国庆,黄润秋,速宝云,等.岩质边坡降雨入渗过程的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):625-629.QI Guo-qing,HUANG Run-qiu,SU Bao-yu,et al.Numerical simulation on rainfall infiltration on rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):625-629.
[2]覃小华,刘东升,宋强辉,等.强降雨条件下基岩型层状边坡入渗模型及稳定性研究入渗过程中土质边坡的固-液-气三相耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(11):3157-3163.QIN Xiao-hua,LIU Dong-sheng,SONG Qiang-hui,et al.Infiltration model of bedrock laminar slope under heavy rainfall and its instability analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(11):3157-3163.
[3]SCHREFLER B A,ZHAN X.A fully coupled model for water flow and airflow in deformable porous media[J].Water Resource Research,1993,29(1):155-167.
[4]SCHREFLER B A,SCOTTA R.A fully coupled dynamic model for two-phase fluid flow in deformable porous media[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics&Engineering,2001,190(24):3223-3246.
[5]D.G弗雷德隆德,H.拉哈尔佐.非饱和土土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.FREDLUND D G.LAHARS H.Unsaturated soil mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1997.
[6]ZIENKIEWICZ O C,XIE Y M,SCHREFLER B A,et al.Static and dynamic behavior of soils:a rational approach to quantitativeⅡ--semi-saturated problems[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering,1990,429(1877):311-321.
[7]CHO S E,LEE S R.Instability of unsaturated soil slopes due to infiltration[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28(3):185-208.
[8]徐晗,朱以文,蔡元奇,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1957-1962.XU Han,ZHU Yi-wen,CAI Yuan-qi,et al.Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes under rainfall infiltration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1957-1962.
[9]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.CHEN Yu-min,XU Ding-ping.Foundation and engineering examples of FLAC/FLAC3D[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2013.
[10]李毅,伍嘉,李坤.基于FLAC3D的饱和-非饱和渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):617-623.LI Yi,WU Jia,LI Kun.Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis based on FLAC3D[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):617-623.
[11]蒋中明,熊小虎,曾玲.基于FLAC3D平台的边坡非饱和降雨入渗分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):855-862.JIANG Zhong-ming,XIONG Xiao-hu,ZENG Ling.Unsaturated seepage analysis of slope under rainfall condition based on FLAC3D[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):855-862.
[12]蒋中明,曾玲,付宏渊,等.极端久雨条件下软岩边坡动态稳定性分析[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(2):27-34.JIANG Zhong-ming,ZENG Ling,FU Hong-yuan.Dynamic stability analysis of soft rock slope under rainfall infiltration[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(2):27-34.
[13]付宏渊,曾玲,王桂尧,等.降雨入渗条件下软岩边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(8):2359-2365.FU Hong-yuan,ZENG Ling,WANG Gui-yao,et al.Stability analysis of soft rock slope due to extremely prolonged rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(8):2359-2365.
[14]ZIENKIEWICZ O C,CHAN A H,PASTOR M,et al.Static and dynamic behavior of soils:a rational approach to quantitative--fully saturated problems[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society:A Mathematical Physical&Engineering,1990,429(1877):285-309.
[15]LIAKOPOULOS A C.Transient flow through unsaturated porous media[D].Berkeley:University of California,1965.
[16]ALONSON E E,GENS A,HIGHT D W.Special problems of soil:general report[C]//Proceedings of Ninth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Dublin:[s.n.],1987.
[17]VAN GENUCHTEN M T.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[18]NUTH M,LALOUI L.Effective stress concept in unsaturated soils:clarification and validation of a unified framework[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2008,32(7):771-801.
[19]汤明高,许强,黄润秋,等.滑坡体基质吸力的观测试验及变化特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):356-362.TANG Ming-gao,XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Experiment and analysis of suction of unsaturated soil in slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(2):356-362.
[20]吴俊杰,王成华,李广信.非饱和土基质吸力对边坡稳定的影响[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):733-736.WU Jun-jie,WANG Cheng-hua,LI Guang-xin.Influence of matric suction in unsaturated soils on slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(5):733-736.
[21]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Online manual of Flac3Dfast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimension[M].Version3.0.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2003.
[22]GAWIN D,SCHREFLER B A.Thermo-hydromechanical analysis of partially saturated porous materials[J].Engineering Computations,1996,13(7):113-143.
[23]JOMMI C,VAUNAT J.Numerical benchmark on multiphase flow[C]//Alert Geomeaterials,Group 4:Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling.[S.l.]:UPCBarcelona,1997.
[24]钱纪芸,张嘎,张建民.降雨条件下土坡变形机制的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):398-402.QIAN Ji-yun,ZHANG Ga,ZHANG Jian-min.Centrifuge model tests for deformation mechanism of soil slope during rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):398-402.
[25]谭新,陈善雄,杨明.降雨条件下土坡饱和-非饱和渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):381-385.TAN Xin,CHEN Shan-xiong,YANG Ming.Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis of slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2l003,24(3):381-385.
[26]MEIN R G,LARSON C L.Modeling infiltration during a steady rain[J].Water Resources Research,1973,9(2):384-394.
[27]戚国庆,黄润秋,速宝云,等.岩质边坡降雨入渗过程的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):625-629.QI Guo-qing,HUANG Run-qiu,SU Bao-yu,et al.Numerical simulation on rainfall infiltration on rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):625-629.