河西走廊绿洲面积动态及其驱动因素
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摘要
绿洲是干旱区脆弱生态体系中由人类活动与自然因素综合作用形成的、能够为人类生存与发展提供物源基础和生态服务功能的重要地理单元,其动态变化能够反映区域内生态、经济以及社会的演替方向。以第四次和第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测数据为基础,结合同期气象与人类活动数据,应用转移矩阵与灰色关联度分析法,分析了河西走廊绿洲土地利用类型的转移规律和环境因素对绿洲动态变化的影响程度。结果表明:(1)研究时段内,河西走廊绿洲内部土地利用类型动态转移明显,相互间转化剧烈的地类包括耕地、居民工矿交通用地、有林地、灌木林地和草地;(2)河西走廊5个地级行政区绿洲面积均呈增加趋势,增加幅度最大的为嘉峪关市(51.97%),最小的为武威市(3.68%);(3)驱动河西走廊5个地级行政区绿洲面积动态变化的主导因子与农耕产业关系密切,预示河西走廊水资源利用与农业生产效率仍需提高。
Oasis is an important geographical unit that is formed by the combination of human activities and natural factors in a fragile ecosystem of arid regions, which has certain ecological service functions and can provide a material basis for human survival and development, and its dynamic changes can reflect the direction of succession in ecology, economy and society within the region. Based on the fourth and fifth national desertification and sandification monitoring data and combined with the meteorological and human activity data, our study used the transfer matrix and the grey correlation analysis method to analyze the transfer law of land use types in the Hexi Corridor oasis and explore the impact of environmental factors on the dynamic changes of oasis. The results showed that:(1) During the study period, the dynamic transfer of land use types in the Hexi Corridor were obviously, and the land types that were drastically transformed with each other included cultivated land, residential land, industrial land, transportation land, forest land, shrub land and grassland;(2) the area of the oasis in all the five prefecture-level administrative regions of the Hexi Corridor showed an increasing trend, the largest increase was in Jiayuguan City(51.97%), while the smallest increase was in Wuwei City(3.68%);(3) the leading factors driving the dynamic change of the oasis area in the five prefecture-level administrative regions of the Hexi Corridor are closely related to the farming industry, indicating that the water use and agricultural production efficiency of the Hexi Corridor still needs to be further improved.
Oasis is an important geographical unit that is formed by the combination of human activities and natural factors in a fragile ecosystem of arid regions, which has certain ecological service functions and can provide a material basis for human survival and development, and its dynamic changes can reflect the direction of succession in ecology, economy and society within the region. Based on the fourth and fifth national desertification and sandification monitoring data and combined with the meteorological and human activity data, our study used the transfer matrix and the grey correlation analysis method to analyze the transfer law of land use types in the Hexi Corridor oasis and explore the impact of environmental factors on the dynamic changes of oasis. The results showed that:(1) During the study period, the dynamic transfer of land use types in the Hexi Corridor were obviously, and the land types that were drastically transformed with each other included cultivated land, residential land, industrial land, transportation land, forest land, shrub land and grassland;(2) the area of the oasis in all the five prefecture-level administrative regions of the Hexi Corridor showed an increasing trend, the largest increase was in Jiayuguan City(51.97%), while the smallest increase was in Wuwei City(3.68%);(3) the leading factors driving the dynamic change of the oasis area in the five prefecture-level administrative regions of the Hexi Corridor are closely related to the farming industry, indicating that the water use and agricultural production efficiency of the Hexi Corridor still needs to be further improved.
引文
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[15] 张北赢,徐学选,刘文兆,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用的土壤水分灰色关联度[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):361-366.
[16] 陈文业,张瑾,戚登臣,等.黄河首曲——玛曲县高寒草甸沙化动态演变趋势及其驱动因子定量分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):11-27.
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[21] 胡梦珺,潘宁惠,左海玲,等.基于RS和GIS的玛曲高原土地沙漠化时空演变研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):922-931.
[22] 董玉祥.我国半干旱地区现代沙漠化驱动因素的定量辨识[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(4):412-417.
[23] 杨汝荣.我国西部草地退化原因及可持续发展分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):23-27.
[24] 王辉.玛曲高寒草甸沙化特征及沙化驱动机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[25] 王新源,连杰,杨小鹏,等.玛曲县植被覆被变化及其对环境要素的响应[J].生态学报,2019,39(3):923-935.
[26] 苏芳,尚海洋,张志强.1980—2010年石羊河流域生态服务类型变化与分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(4):917-925.
[27] 曲玮,李振涛,AARNOUDSE E,等.甘肃河西走廊内陆河流域节水战略选择——地表水与地下水联合管理[J].冰川冻土,2018,40(1):145-155.
[28] 赵明瑞,徐天军,彭祥荣,等.石羊河流域综合治理前后民勤水资源变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(5):55-59.
[29] 张戬,陈佳,黄馨,等.水资源约束下的河西走廊城市经济脆弱性时空演变及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2019,39(1):203-211.
[30] Dunkerley D L.Intra-event intermittency of rainfall:an analysis of the metrics of rain and no-rain periods[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29:3294-3305.
[31] 李卓仑,王乃昂,李育,等.近50年来黑河出山径流对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):7-11.
[32] 聂晓英,石培基,吕蕊,等.基于生态位理论的河西走廊县域城市竞合关系研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):841-851.
[2] 李森,颜长珍.近20年来河西走廊人工绿洲演变及人为因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(4):92-98.
[3] 郭铌,王小平,蔡迪花,等.近20多年来西北绿洲植被指数的变化及其成因[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):75-82.
[4] 王金凤.气候变化和人类活动影响下的北大河流域径流变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(3):86-91.
[5] 傅伯杰,刘国华,孟庆华.中国西部生态区划及其区域发展对策[J].干旱区地理,2000,23(4):289-297.
[6] 高振荣,刘晓云,杨庆华,等.河西走廊荒漠-绿洲区气候环境演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):31-38.
[7] 李晓婧,白艳萍,李萌,等.河西走廊水资源变化与生态环境时空关联分析[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(2):1-8.
[8] 胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等.黄河源区1975—2005年沙漠化时空演变及其成因分析[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1079-1086.
[9] 吴薇.土地沙漠化监测中TM影像的利用[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,16(2):86-90.
[10] 马仲武,王新源,王小军,等.甘肃省酒泉市土地沙漠化现状及动态分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018:141-147.
[11] 国家林业局.第四次全国荒漠化和沙化监测技术规定[Z].北京,2008.
[12] 国家林业局.第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测技术规定[Z].北京,2013.
[13] 甘肃发展年鉴编委会.甘肃发展年鉴[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[14] 袁嘉祖.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:12-45.
[15] 张北赢,徐学选,刘文兆,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用的土壤水分灰色关联度[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):361-366.
[16] 陈文业,张瑾,戚登臣,等.黄河首曲——玛曲县高寒草甸沙化动态演变趋势及其驱动因子定量分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):11-27.
[17] 王涛,刘树林.中国干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化调控区划(纲要)[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):959-966.
[18] 王新源,陈翔舜,丁乾平,等.不同荒漠化阶段植被生态特征对土壤环境因子的响应——以民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1569-1580.
[19] Hu G Y,Dong Z B,Wei Z H,et al.Spatial and temporal change of desertification land of Zoige Basin in recent 30 years and its cause analysis[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(8):908-916.
[20] 樊亚辉,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,王宏,等.艾比湖地区土地沙漠化遥感动态监测[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):161-167.
[21] 胡梦珺,潘宁惠,左海玲,等.基于RS和GIS的玛曲高原土地沙漠化时空演变研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):922-931.
[22] 董玉祥.我国半干旱地区现代沙漠化驱动因素的定量辨识[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(4):412-417.
[23] 杨汝荣.我国西部草地退化原因及可持续发展分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):23-27.
[24] 王辉.玛曲高寒草甸沙化特征及沙化驱动机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[25] 王新源,连杰,杨小鹏,等.玛曲县植被覆被变化及其对环境要素的响应[J].生态学报,2019,39(3):923-935.
[26] 苏芳,尚海洋,张志强.1980—2010年石羊河流域生态服务类型变化与分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(4):917-925.
[27] 曲玮,李振涛,AARNOUDSE E,等.甘肃河西走廊内陆河流域节水战略选择——地表水与地下水联合管理[J].冰川冻土,2018,40(1):145-155.
[28] 赵明瑞,徐天军,彭祥荣,等.石羊河流域综合治理前后民勤水资源变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(5):55-59.
[29] 张戬,陈佳,黄馨,等.水资源约束下的河西走廊城市经济脆弱性时空演变及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2019,39(1):203-211.
[30] Dunkerley D L.Intra-event intermittency of rainfall:an analysis of the metrics of rain and no-rain periods[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29:3294-3305.
[31] 李卓仑,王乃昂,李育,等.近50年来黑河出山径流对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):7-11.
[32] 聂晓英,石培基,吕蕊,等.基于生态位理论的河西走廊县域城市竞合关系研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):841-851.