2017年冬季长沙一次重度霾污染天气过程气象成因分析
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摘要
利用空气质量监测资料、常规气象资料,根据气象条件的水平和垂直扩散能力,以及地面湿度和动力条件等分析了2017年1月27—29日长沙地区这次严重空气污染事件的污染特征。结果表明:污染发生时段,南支槽不断加深东移,槽前势力强盛的西南气流将孟加拉湾一带的水汽向长沙地区输送,进一步增加了该地区的空气湿度。同时,持续东移的脊前暖平流对长沙中低层大气增温有显著影响,为稳定的大气层结创造了有利条件。长沙处于弱高压的底后部,受大范围的弱鞍型场及均压场控制,地面有暖倒槽发展,且由于高压较弱,导致地面和低空的风速较小,不利于污染物的水平扩散,同时有利于夜间地面的辐射降温。稳定的大气环流形势为霾天气和严重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境场,逆温结构和稳定温度层结在一定程度上减弱了大气在垂直方向上的湍流交换和热力对流,大气中的污染颗粒不易扩散,为此次污染事件的维持、加剧提供了重要的气象条件。长沙地区处在罗霄山脉和雪峰山脉之间的湘江故地,受周边地形阻挡的影响,污染物在下沉气流的控制下聚集到长沙地区后,很难通过水平输送离开,这也是造成此次霾污染的原因之一。
Based on air quality monitoring data and conventional meteorological observations,the characteristics of a heavy haze event in Changsha region on January 27 to 29,2017 was analyzed,including the vertical and horizontal dispersion,surface humidity and dynamical conditions.The results showed that a southern branch trough deepens and moves eastwards during the pollution period, and strong southwesterly flows ahead of the trough transport water vapor from the Bay of Bengal to Changsha,which further increases air humidity in this region.Meanwhile,warm advection ahead of a ridge that continuously moves eastwards greatly impacts on the increase of temperature in the middle and lower levels of atmosphere,which is favorable for the formation of the stable atmospheric stratification.Changsha is located at the bottom of a weak high pressure and controlled by a weak saddle pattern of pressure field,leading to the development of a warm inverted surface trough.Weak winds at the surface and in the lowlevel atmosphere due to the weak high pressure suppress the horizontal dispersion of air pollutants and favors the surface radiation cooling at night.Stable atmospheric circulation provides steady and stable atmospheric environment for the formation of severe haze pollution.Temperature inversion and stable stratification weaken vertical turbulence exchange and turbulent convection.The weak dilution of particle favors the persistence and enhancement of this pollution event.In addition,Changsha is located between the Luoxiao mountains and the Xuefeng mountains.Such a local surrounding terrain blocks the subsequently horizontal transport of air pollutants after accumulating in Changsha region due to the descending airflows,which is also a major reason for the occurrence of this haze pollution event.
Based on air quality monitoring data and conventional meteorological observations,the characteristics of a heavy haze event in Changsha region on January 27 to 29,2017 was analyzed,including the vertical and horizontal dispersion,surface humidity and dynamical conditions.The results showed that a southern branch trough deepens and moves eastwards during the pollution period, and strong southwesterly flows ahead of the trough transport water vapor from the Bay of Bengal to Changsha,which further increases air humidity in this region.Meanwhile,warm advection ahead of a ridge that continuously moves eastwards greatly impacts on the increase of temperature in the middle and lower levels of atmosphere,which is favorable for the formation of the stable atmospheric stratification.Changsha is located at the bottom of a weak high pressure and controlled by a weak saddle pattern of pressure field,leading to the development of a warm inverted surface trough.Weak winds at the surface and in the lowlevel atmosphere due to the weak high pressure suppress the horizontal dispersion of air pollutants and favors the surface radiation cooling at night.Stable atmospheric circulation provides steady and stable atmospheric environment for the formation of severe haze pollution.Temperature inversion and stable stratification weaken vertical turbulence exchange and turbulent convection.The weak dilution of particle favors the persistence and enhancement of this pollution event.In addition,Changsha is located between the Luoxiao mountains and the Xuefeng mountains.Such a local surrounding terrain blocks the subsequently horizontal transport of air pollutants after accumulating in Changsha region due to the descending airflows,which is also a major reason for the occurrence of this haze pollution event.
引文
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[19]王珊,廖婷婷,王莉莉,等.西安一次霾重污染过程大气环境特征及气象条件影响分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3452-3462.
[20]张琴,彭庆庆,罗岳平,等.长沙市一次重霾污染条件下环境空气质量预报研究[J].绿色科技,2016(20):20-24.
[2]肖红,张保森,魏云慧.霾天气的危害与预防途径[J].湖北气象,2006(3):44.
[3]李红看,曾凡刚,邵龙义,等.可吸入颗粒物对人体健康危害的研究进展[J].环境与健康,2002,19(1):85-87.
[4]白志鹏,蔡斌彬,董海燕,等.灰霾的健康效应[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(3):198-201.
[5]Crutzen P J,Andreae M O.Biomass burning in the tropics:impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles[J].Science,1990,250(4988):1669-1678.
[6]Tie X X,Wu D,Brasseur G,et al.Lung cancer mortality and exposure to atmospheric aerosol particles in Guangzhou,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(7):2375-2377
[7]吴兑.大城市区域霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警信号发布[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(9):1-7.
[8]李正强,许华,张莹,等.北京区域2013严重灰霾污染的主被动遥感监测[J].遥感学报,2013,17(4):919-928.
[9]胡荣章,刘红年,张美根,等.南京地区大气灰霾的数值模拟[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):808-814.
[10]郭军.天津地区灰霾天气的气候特征分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2008,21(3):12-14.
[11]李丽光,丁抗抗,王宏博,等.辽宁省城郊霾日变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(6):125-132.
[12]朱佳雷,王体健,邢莉等.江苏省一次重霾污染天气的特征和机理分析[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):1943-1950.
[13]董贞花,齐伊玲,孔海江.河南省三次重污染过程的对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2019,35(1):18-25.
[14]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中的PM2.5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[15]胡晓,徐璐,蒋飞燕,等.宁波地区不同季节不同强度霾天气变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(6):31-38.
[16]王珊,修天阳,孙扬,等.1960-2012年西安地区雾霾日数与气象因素变化规律分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):19-26.
[17]过宇飞,刘端阳,周彬,等.无锡市霾天气特征及影响因子研究[J].气象,2013,39(10):1314-1324.
[18]赵子菁,魏永杰,张祥志,等.南京市霾天气与主要气象条件的相关分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3570-3580.
[19]王珊,廖婷婷,王莉莉,等.西安一次霾重污染过程大气环境特征及气象条件影响分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3452-3462.
[20]张琴,彭庆庆,罗岳平,等.长沙市一次重霾污染条件下环境空气质量预报研究[J].绿色科技,2016(20):20-24.
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