大电流真空电弧阳极熔蚀过程的数值仿真与分析
|
摘要
真空断路器在开断大电流时,阳极活动对于断路器的成功开断具有重要影响。在大电流电弧的作用下,阳极表面温度逐渐升高,当温度达到阳极材料熔点时,阳极表面开始熔化,并形成熔池。熔池蒸发产生的金属蒸气会进入真空断路器的触头间隙,可能使电弧重燃,从而导致开断失败。对真空断路器建立了二维的流体模型和传热模型,研究了在真空电弧作用下的阳极熔蚀现象、相变过程以及阳极温度随时间的变化规律。所用模型考虑了电弧中离子和电子对阳极的传热和阳极蒸发时阳极损失的热量,并采用经典Stefan公式跟踪了熔化前沿,仿真获得了阳极相变过程以及温度分布规律,为准确评估断路器开断能力提供了理论依据。
Anode activity has important influence on the vacuum interrupter when the vacuum interrupter breaks large current.Under the action of large current arc, the anode surface temperature gradually increases. When the temperature reaches the anode material melting point, the anode surface begins to melt and forming a molten pool. The evaporation of metal vapor from the molten pool will enter the contact gap of the vacuum interrupter, possibly reigniting the arc again, thus causing the failure of breaking.In this paper, a two-dimensional fluid model and a heat transfer model for vacuum interrupter are established. The phenomena of anode erosion,phase change and the change of anode temperature with time are studied. The heat transfer of ions and electrons to the anode and the loss of anode in the arc are taken into account, and the melting front is tracked by using Stefan function. The process of anode phase transition and temperature distribution are simulated to provide theoretical basis for the accurate evaluation of interrupter breaking ability.
Anode activity has important influence on the vacuum interrupter when the vacuum interrupter breaks large current.Under the action of large current arc, the anode surface temperature gradually increases. When the temperature reaches the anode material melting point, the anode surface begins to melt and forming a molten pool. The evaporation of metal vapor from the molten pool will enter the contact gap of the vacuum interrupter, possibly reigniting the arc again, thus causing the failure of breaking.In this paper, a two-dimensional fluid model and a heat transfer model for vacuum interrupter are established. The phenomena of anode erosion,phase change and the change of anode temperature with time are studied. The heat transfer of ions and electrons to the anode and the loss of anode in the arc are taken into account, and the melting front is tracked by using Stefan function. The process of anode phase transition and temperature distribution are simulated to provide theoretical basis for the accurate evaluation of interrupter breaking ability.
引文
[1]王毅,王季梅.真空电弧等离子体弧柱现象模型分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1992,9(2):32-41.Wang Yi,Wang Jimei.Analysis of vacuum arc plasma arc column phenomenon model[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,1992,9(2):32-41.
[2]Kimblin C W.Anode voltage drop and anode sport formation in DC vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1969,40(4):1744-1752.
[3]王振兴.真空断路器弧后介质恢复特性研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2012.
[4]Boxman R L.Measurement of anode surface temperature during a high-current vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1975,46(11):4701-4704.
[5]Gellert B,Egli W.Melting of copper by an intense and pulsed heat source[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1988,21(12):1721-1726.
[6]Niwa Y,Sato J,Yokokura K.The effect of contact material on temperature and melting of anode surface in the vacuum interrupter[C].IEEE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Xi'an,China,2000:524-527.
[7]Schade E,Shmelev D,Kleberg I.Numerical modeling of the heat flux to the anode of high-current vacuum arcs[C].IEEE 21st International Conference on Electrical Contacts(ICEC2002),Zurich,Switzerland,2002:518-525.
[8]Watanabe K,Sato J.The anode surface temperature of CuCr contacts at the limit of current interruption[J].IEEETrans.Plasma Science,1997,25(4):637-641.
[9]Wang Lijun,Jia shenli,Liu Yu,et al.Modeling and simulation of anode melting pool flow under the action of high-current vacuum arc[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2010,107(11):113-306.
[10]王立军,贾申利,史宗谦,等.大电流真空断路器磁流体动力学模型与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(22):174-176.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Shi Zongqian,et al.Magnetic fluid dynamics model and simulation of high-current vacuum circuit breaker[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2006,26(22):174-176.
[11]王立军,贾申利,史宗谦,等.真空电弧磁流体动力学模型与仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):113-118.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Shi Zongqian,et al.Research on the model and simulation of vacuum arc magnetohydrodynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2005,25(4):113-118.
[12]王立军,贾申利,陈斌,等.不同纵向磁场对大电流真空电弧中阳极活动影响的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):131-137.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Chen Bin,et al.Simulation study on the influence of different longitudinal magnetic fields on anode activity in high-current vacuum arc[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2012,32(13):131-137.
[13]Wang Zhenxing,Tian Yunbo,Ma Hui,et al.Decay modes of anode surface temperature after current zero in vacuum arcs-part II:theoretical study of dielectric recovery strength[J].IEEE transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(10):3734-3743.
[14]Ma Hui,Tian Yunbo,Geng Yingsan,et al.Anode erosion pattern caused by blowing effect in constricted vacuum arcs subjected to axial magnetic field[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(8):2329-2334.
[2]Kimblin C W.Anode voltage drop and anode sport formation in DC vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1969,40(4):1744-1752.
[3]王振兴.真空断路器弧后介质恢复特性研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2012.
[4]Boxman R L.Measurement of anode surface temperature during a high-current vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1975,46(11):4701-4704.
[5]Gellert B,Egli W.Melting of copper by an intense and pulsed heat source[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1988,21(12):1721-1726.
[6]Niwa Y,Sato J,Yokokura K.The effect of contact material on temperature and melting of anode surface in the vacuum interrupter[C].IEEE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Xi'an,China,2000:524-527.
[7]Schade E,Shmelev D,Kleberg I.Numerical modeling of the heat flux to the anode of high-current vacuum arcs[C].IEEE 21st International Conference on Electrical Contacts(ICEC2002),Zurich,Switzerland,2002:518-525.
[8]Watanabe K,Sato J.The anode surface temperature of CuCr contacts at the limit of current interruption[J].IEEETrans.Plasma Science,1997,25(4):637-641.
[9]Wang Lijun,Jia shenli,Liu Yu,et al.Modeling and simulation of anode melting pool flow under the action of high-current vacuum arc[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2010,107(11):113-306.
[10]王立军,贾申利,史宗谦,等.大电流真空断路器磁流体动力学模型与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(22):174-176.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Shi Zongqian,et al.Magnetic fluid dynamics model and simulation of high-current vacuum circuit breaker[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2006,26(22):174-176.
[11]王立军,贾申利,史宗谦,等.真空电弧磁流体动力学模型与仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):113-118.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Shi Zongqian,et al.Research on the model and simulation of vacuum arc magnetohydrodynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2005,25(4):113-118.
[12]王立军,贾申利,陈斌,等.不同纵向磁场对大电流真空电弧中阳极活动影响的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):131-137.Wang Lijun,Jia Shenli,Chen Bin,et al.Simulation study on the influence of different longitudinal magnetic fields on anode activity in high-current vacuum arc[J].Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2012,32(13):131-137.
[13]Wang Zhenxing,Tian Yunbo,Ma Hui,et al.Decay modes of anode surface temperature after current zero in vacuum arcs-part II:theoretical study of dielectric recovery strength[J].IEEE transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(10):3734-3743.
[14]Ma Hui,Tian Yunbo,Geng Yingsan,et al.Anode erosion pattern caused by blowing effect in constricted vacuum arcs subjected to axial magnetic field[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(8):2329-2334.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |