敞开式TBM施工隧道掘进段空气温度计算方法
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摘要
以敞开式隧道掘进机(TBM)施工隧道为研究对象,基于热力学原理,分析掘进段热害影响因素,建立敞开式TBM掘进段空气温度的计算模型,对不同围岩级别、不同岩温下掘进段内空气温度进行计算研究。结果表明:自掘进开始,TBM掘进段内空气温度迅速升高,在掘进20min时升高至接近最大值并保持基本稳定,停机后空气温度迅速下降;掘进段空气温度随围岩温度的升高和围岩级别的提高显著上升;通风对掘进段内空气有明显的降温效果;围岩温度为18℃,Ⅱ级围岩无通风时掘进段空气温度为39.9℃,通风量为60m3·s-1时下降至27.9℃,通风控制空气温度低于28℃规范限值;围岩级别Ⅱ级,60℃岩温无通风时掘进段空气温度为81.9℃,通风量为60m3·s-1时下降至46.9℃,但空气温度仍然较高,可采用在正常施工通风基础上增加洞内局部降温措施。
The construction tunnel of open-type tunnel boring machine(TBM)was studied.After analyzing the factors affecting the thermal damage of excavation section,the calculation model for the air temperature in open-type TBM excavation section was established based on thermodynamic principle.The air temperatures in the excavation section of different surrounding rock grades and different rock temperatures were calculated.Results show that,the air temperature in TBM excavation section rises rapidly from the beginning of excavation.It rises to the maximum value and keeps basically stable after 20 minutes of excavation.After the TBM machine is shut down,the air temperature drops rapidly.In addition,the air temperature in excavation section increases significantly with the increase of surrounding rock temperature and surrounding rock grade.Ventilation has an obvious cooling effect on the air in excavation section.When the surrounding rock temperature is 18 ℃,the surrounding rock grade isⅡ and ventilation is not available,the air temperature in excavation section is 39.9 ℃.When the ventilation is 60 m3·s-1,it drops to 27.9℃.The ventilation controlled air temperature is lower than the specification limit of 28℃.Moreover,when the surrounding rock grade isⅡand surrounding rock temperature is 60 ℃ and ventilation is not available,the air temperature in excavation section is 81.9℃.When the ventilation is 60 m3·s-1,it drops to 46.9℃,but the air temperature is still high.It is recommended to use the local cooling measures in the tunnel on the basis of normal construction ventilation.
The construction tunnel of open-type tunnel boring machine(TBM)was studied.After analyzing the factors affecting the thermal damage of excavation section,the calculation model for the air temperature in open-type TBM excavation section was established based on thermodynamic principle.The air temperatures in the excavation section of different surrounding rock grades and different rock temperatures were calculated.Results show that,the air temperature in TBM excavation section rises rapidly from the beginning of excavation.It rises to the maximum value and keeps basically stable after 20 minutes of excavation.After the TBM machine is shut down,the air temperature drops rapidly.In addition,the air temperature in excavation section increases significantly with the increase of surrounding rock temperature and surrounding rock grade.Ventilation has an obvious cooling effect on the air in excavation section.When the surrounding rock temperature is 18 ℃,the surrounding rock grade isⅡ and ventilation is not available,the air temperature in excavation section is 39.9 ℃.When the ventilation is 60 m3·s-1,it drops to 27.9℃.The ventilation controlled air temperature is lower than the specification limit of 28℃.Moreover,when the surrounding rock grade isⅡand surrounding rock temperature is 60 ℃ and ventilation is not available,the air temperature in excavation section is 81.9℃.When the ventilation is 60 m3·s-1,it drops to 46.9℃,but the air temperature is still high.It is recommended to use the local cooling measures in the tunnel on the basis of normal construction ventilation.
引文
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[9]王尽忠.中天山特长隧道TBM施工湿热环境控制技术研究[J].隧道建设,2014,34(3):212-215.(WANG Jinzhong.Study on Control of Hot and Humid Environment in TBM Driving of Zhongtianshan Extra-Long Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(3):212-215.in Chinese)
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[11]HARGREAVES D M,LOWNDES I S.The Computational Modeling of the Ventilation Flows within a Rapid Development Drivage[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(2):150-160.
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[13]高建良,徐文,张学博.围岩散热风流温度、湿度计算时水分蒸发的处理[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):951-955.(GAO Jianliang,XU Wen,ZHANG Xuebo.Treatment of Water Evaporation during Calculation of Temperature and Humidity of Air Flow Caused by Heat Release from Surrounding Rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):951-955.in Chinese)
[14]岑衍强,胡春胜,侯祺棕.井巷围岩与风流间不稳定换热系数的探讨[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1987,6(3):105-114.(CEN Yanqiang,HU Chunsheng,HOU Qizhong.Investigation into Unsteady Heat Transfer Coefficient Kbetween the Surrounding Rock of Mine Wells or Lanes and Airflow[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute,1987,6(3):105-114.in Chinese)
[15]杜士斌,揣连成.开敞式TBM的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[16]铁道部经济规划研究院.TZ 204-2008铁路隧道工程施工技术指南[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.(Economic Planning Research Institute of Ministry of Railways.TZ 204-2008Technical Guide for Construction of Railway Tunnel Engineering[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2009.in Chinese)
[2]雷波,邓志辉,柯玲.秦岭特长隧道施工通风降温研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1997,19(5):126-130.(LEI Bo,DENG Zhihui,KE Ling.Study on Lowering the Air Temperature in Qinling Tunnel under Construction with Ventilation[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,1997,19(5):126-130.in Chinese)
[3]周小涵,曾艳华,范磊,等.寒区隧道温度场的时空演化规律及温控措施研究[J].中国铁道科学,2016,37(3):46-52.(ZHOU Xiaohan,ZENG Yanhua,FAN Lei,et al.Temporal-Spatial Evolution Laws of Temperature Field in Cold Region Tunnel and Temperature Control Measures[J].China Railway Science,2016,37(3):46-52.in Chinese)
[4]谭贤君,陈卫忠,于洪丹,等.考虑通风影响的寒区隧道围岩温度场及防寒保温材料敷设长度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1400-1409.(TAN Xianjun,CHEN Weizhong,YU Hongdan,et al.Study of Temperature Field of Tunnel Surrounding Rock in Cold Regions Considering Effect of Ventilation and Length Design of Insulation Material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7),1400-1409.in Chinese)
[5]孙文昊.城市道路隧道空气温度计算方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(5):1106-1110.(SUN Wenhao.Calculation Method of Air Temperature Inside Urban Road Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(5):1106-1110.in Chinese)
[6]朱齐平,郭京波,赖涤泉.辽宁大伙房输水隧洞TBM1段通风技术研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004,17(4):13-16,56.(ZHU Qiping,GUO Jingbo,LAI Diquan.Research on Ventilation Technology for TBM1Section of Dahuofang Reservoir Water Diversion Tunnel in Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,2004,17(4):13-16,56.in Chinese)
[7]张建.TBM施工中的通风和散热问题研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.(ZHANG Jian.Study on Ventilation and Heat Elimination in TBM Construction[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004.in Chinese)
[8]曹正卯,杨其新,郭春.敞开式TBM掘进工作面通风环境研究[J].铁道建筑,2014(9):47-51.
[9]王尽忠.中天山特长隧道TBM施工湿热环境控制技术研究[J].隧道建设,2014,34(3):212-215.(WANG Jinzhong.Study on Control of Hot and Humid Environment in TBM Driving of Zhongtianshan Extra-Long Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(3):212-215.in Chinese)
[10]GLEHN F H von,BLUHM S J.Practical Aspects of the Ventilation of High-Speed Developing Tunnels in Hot Working Environments[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2000,15(4):471-475.
[11]HARGREAVES D M,LOWNDES I S.The Computational Modeling of the Ventilation Flows within a Rapid Development Drivage[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(2):150-160.
[12]杨立新.现代隧道施工通风技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(YANG Lixin.Modern Tunneling Ventilation Technology[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2012.in Chinese)
[13]高建良,徐文,张学博.围岩散热风流温度、湿度计算时水分蒸发的处理[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):951-955.(GAO Jianliang,XU Wen,ZHANG Xuebo.Treatment of Water Evaporation during Calculation of Temperature and Humidity of Air Flow Caused by Heat Release from Surrounding Rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):951-955.in Chinese)
[14]岑衍强,胡春胜,侯祺棕.井巷围岩与风流间不稳定换热系数的探讨[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1987,6(3):105-114.(CEN Yanqiang,HU Chunsheng,HOU Qizhong.Investigation into Unsteady Heat Transfer Coefficient Kbetween the Surrounding Rock of Mine Wells or Lanes and Airflow[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute,1987,6(3):105-114.in Chinese)
[15]杜士斌,揣连成.开敞式TBM的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[16]铁道部经济规划研究院.TZ 204-2008铁路隧道工程施工技术指南[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.(Economic Planning Research Institute of Ministry of Railways.TZ 204-2008Technical Guide for Construction of Railway Tunnel Engineering[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2009.in Chinese)