部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺处理低氨氮废水研究进展
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摘要
厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术是一种高效、低耗的自养型脱氮工艺。通过文献调研,介绍了厌氧氨氧化细菌的分类与相关功能基因,综述了通过部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺处理低氨氮废水的控制参数,包括溶解氧、C/N、pH值、污泥龄等,反应器类型以及实际工程应用案例,表明厌氧氨氧化工艺应用于低氨氮废水处理具有广阔前景,并提出了亟需突破的关键技术难题,为采用厌氧氨氧化工艺处理城市低氨氮废水提供科学借鉴。
Anammox is a high-efficient autotrophic nitrogen removal process with low energy cost. Through massive literature research, classification of anammox bacteria and relevant functional genes are represented in this article, as well as some of the operational parameters such as dissolved oxygen, C/N ratio, pH, sludge age, reactor type, and practical engineering applications. All above indicates that low ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment using anammox process has a promising prospect. Some key technical problems need to be resolved urgently that are presented. This article provides scientific bases for processing municipal wastewater containing low ammonia nitrogen.
Anammox is a high-efficient autotrophic nitrogen removal process with low energy cost. Through massive literature research, classification of anammox bacteria and relevant functional genes are represented in this article, as well as some of the operational parameters such as dissolved oxygen, C/N ratio, pH, sludge age, reactor type, and practical engineering applications. All above indicates that low ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment using anammox process has a promising prospect. Some key technical problems need to be resolved urgently that are presented. This article provides scientific bases for processing municipal wastewater containing low ammonia nitrogen.
引文
[1] Mulder A, van de Graaf A A, Robertson L A, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J]. Fems Microbiology Ecology, 1995, 16(3): 177-184.
[2] Siegrist H, Salzgeber D, Eugster J, et al. Anammox brings WWTP closer to energy autarky due to increased biogas production and reduced aeration energy for N-removal[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2008, 57(3): 383-388.
[3] Kartal B, Maalcke W J, Almeida N M D, et al. Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Nature, 2011, 479(7371): 127.
[4] Ali M, Chai L Y, Tang C J, et al. The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China: bacteria, process development, and application[J]. Biomed Research International, 2013(6): 134914.
[5] Susanne L, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10): 292.
[6] Vlaeminck S E, De C H, Verstraete W. Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[J]. Microbial Biotechnology, 2012, 5(3): 433.
[7] Bo T, Dalsgaard T, Jensen M M, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the oxygen-deficient waters of Northern Chile[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2006, 51(5): 2145-2156.
[8] 胡倩怡, 郑平, 康达. 厌氧氨氧化菌的种类、特性与检测[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(2): 384-391.
[9] Kuenen J G. Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2008, 6(4): 320-326.
[10] Kartal B, Rattray J, Van Niftrik L A, et al. Candidatus “Anammoxoglobus propionicus” a new propionate oxidizing species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J]. Systematic & Applied Microbiology, 2007, 30(1): 39-49.
[11] Kartal B, Niftrik L V, Rattray J, et al. Candidatus ‘Brocadia fulgida’: an autofluorescent anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium[J]. Fems Microbiology Ecology, 2008, 63(1): 46-55.
[12] Quan Z X, Rhee S K, Zuo J E, et al. Diversity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in a granular sludge anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) reactor[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2008, 10(11): 3130-3139.
[13] Schmid M, Twachtmann U, Klein M, et al. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable ofcatalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Systematic & Applied Microbiology, 2000, 23(1): 93-106.
[14] Schmid M, Schmitzesser S, Jetten M, et al. 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer and 23S rDNA of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: implications for phylogeny and in situ detection[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2001, 3(7): 450-459.
[15] 郑平, 张蕾. 厌氧氨氧化菌的特性与分类[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2009, 35(5): 473-481.
[16] Zhang J, Wang Y, Yu D, et al. Who contributes more to N2O emission during sludge bio-drying with two different aeration strategies, nitrifiers or denitrifiers?[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2016, 101(8): 1-12.
[17] 金仁村, 阳广凤, 马春, 等. 乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化反应器运行性能的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(3): 504-512.
[18] 王宽伦. 城市污水亚硝化性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2009.
[19] 赵志瑞, 侯彦林. 半短程亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化联合脱氮工艺微生物特征研究进展[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(7): 2834-2842.
[20] Pérez J, Costa E, Kreft J U. Conditions for partial nitrification in biofilm reactors and a kinetic explanation[J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2009, 103(2): 282-295.
[21] Kornaros M, Dokianakis S N, Lyberatos G. Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(19): 7245.
[22] Peng Y, Zhu G. Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2006, 73(1): 15-26.
[23] Anthonisen A C, Loehr R C, Prakasam T B, et al. Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J]. Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation, 1976, 48(5): 835.
[24] Sinha B, Annachhatre A P. Partial nitrification:operational parameters and microorganisms involved[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science & Bio/technology, 2007, 6(4): 285-313.
[25] Zhou Y, Oehmen A, Lim M, et al. The role of nitrite and free nitrous acid (FNA) in wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research, 2011, 45(15): 4672-4682.
[26] Torà J A, Lafuente J, Baeza J A, et al. Combined effect of inorganic carbon limitation and inhibition by free ammonia and free nitrous acid on ammonia oxidizing bacteria[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2010, 101(15): 6051-6058.
[27] Hellinga C, Schellen A a J C, Mulder J W, et al. The sharon process: An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science & Technology, 1998, 37(9): 135-142.
[28] Paredes D, Kuschk P, Mbwette T S A, et al. New aspects of microbial nitrogen transformations in the context of wastewater treatment: a review[J]. Engineering in Life Sciences, 2007, 7(1): 13-25.
[29] 祖波, 张代钧, 祖建, 等. 硝化过程中影响亚硝酸盐积累的因素[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2009, 32(4): 1-5.
[30] Molinuevo B, Garcia M, Karakashev D, et al. Anammox for ammonia removal from pig manure effluents: effect of organic matter content on process performance[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(7): 2171.
[31] Tang C J, Zheng P, Wang C H, et al. Suppression of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers under high organic content in high-rate Anammox UASB reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(6): 1762-1768.
[32] 富冰冰, 刘吉文, 高铭鸿, 等. 厌氧氨氧化细菌物种组成对环境因子响应的研究进展[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2014, 32(3): 427-434.
[33] Rysgaard S, Glud R N. Anaerobic N2 production in Arctic sea ice[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2004, 49(1): 86-94.
[34] Byrne N, Strous M, Crépeau V, et al. Presence and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents[J]. Isme Journal, 2009, 3(1): 117.
[35] 宋成康, 王亚宜, 韩海成, 等. 温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(7): 2006-2013.
[36] Zhu G, Peng Y, Li B, et al. Biological removal of nitrogen from wastewater[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2008, 192: 159.
[37] Vlaeminck S E, Clippeleir H D, Verstraete W. Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[C]//IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition 2010: Water: the Lifeblood of the World, 2010: 433-448.
[38] Kartal B, Kuenen J G, Loosdrecht M C M V. Sewage treatment with anammox[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5979): 702-703.
[39] Strous M. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(7): 3248-3250.
[40] 陈旭良, 郑平, 金仁村, 等. 味精废水厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(5): 747-752.
[41] 王衫允. 低氨氮浓度厌氧氨氧化工艺强化及颗粒污泥菌群特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
[42] Liang Z, Liu J. Landfill leachate treatment with a novel process: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) combined with soil infiltration system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 151(1): 202.
[43] 王元月. 一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化SBR脱氮新技术及其应用研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2015.
[44] 完颜德卿, 袁怡, 李祥, 等. 一种CANON工艺处理低氨氮废水的新模式[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(3): 1122-1129.
[45] Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:An application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10): 292-303.
[46] Ma B, Wang S, Cao S, et al. Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox: Recent advances[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200: 981-990.
[47] Wett B, Omari A, Podmirseg S M, et al. Going for mainstream deammonification from bench to full scale for maximized resource efficiency[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2013, 68(2): 283-289.
[48] Cao Y S, Hong K B, Zhou Y, et al. 新加坡最大回用水处理厂污水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2015(10): 1441-1454.
[2] Siegrist H, Salzgeber D, Eugster J, et al. Anammox brings WWTP closer to energy autarky due to increased biogas production and reduced aeration energy for N-removal[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2008, 57(3): 383-388.
[3] Kartal B, Maalcke W J, Almeida N M D, et al. Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Nature, 2011, 479(7371): 127.
[4] Ali M, Chai L Y, Tang C J, et al. The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China: bacteria, process development, and application[J]. Biomed Research International, 2013(6): 134914.
[5] Susanne L, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10): 292.
[6] Vlaeminck S E, De C H, Verstraete W. Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[J]. Microbial Biotechnology, 2012, 5(3): 433.
[7] Bo T, Dalsgaard T, Jensen M M, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the oxygen-deficient waters of Northern Chile[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2006, 51(5): 2145-2156.
[8] 胡倩怡, 郑平, 康达. 厌氧氨氧化菌的种类、特性与检测[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(2): 384-391.
[9] Kuenen J G. Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2008, 6(4): 320-326.
[10] Kartal B, Rattray J, Van Niftrik L A, et al. Candidatus “Anammoxoglobus propionicus” a new propionate oxidizing species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J]. Systematic & Applied Microbiology, 2007, 30(1): 39-49.
[11] Kartal B, Niftrik L V, Rattray J, et al. Candidatus ‘Brocadia fulgida’: an autofluorescent anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium[J]. Fems Microbiology Ecology, 2008, 63(1): 46-55.
[12] Quan Z X, Rhee S K, Zuo J E, et al. Diversity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in a granular sludge anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) reactor[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2008, 10(11): 3130-3139.
[13] Schmid M, Twachtmann U, Klein M, et al. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable ofcatalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Systematic & Applied Microbiology, 2000, 23(1): 93-106.
[14] Schmid M, Schmitzesser S, Jetten M, et al. 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer and 23S rDNA of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: implications for phylogeny and in situ detection[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2001, 3(7): 450-459.
[15] 郑平, 张蕾. 厌氧氨氧化菌的特性与分类[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2009, 35(5): 473-481.
[16] Zhang J, Wang Y, Yu D, et al. Who contributes more to N2O emission during sludge bio-drying with two different aeration strategies, nitrifiers or denitrifiers?[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2016, 101(8): 1-12.
[17] 金仁村, 阳广凤, 马春, 等. 乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化反应器运行性能的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(3): 504-512.
[18] 王宽伦. 城市污水亚硝化性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2009.
[19] 赵志瑞, 侯彦林. 半短程亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化联合脱氮工艺微生物特征研究进展[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(7): 2834-2842.
[20] Pérez J, Costa E, Kreft J U. Conditions for partial nitrification in biofilm reactors and a kinetic explanation[J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2009, 103(2): 282-295.
[21] Kornaros M, Dokianakis S N, Lyberatos G. Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(19): 7245.
[22] Peng Y, Zhu G. Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2006, 73(1): 15-26.
[23] Anthonisen A C, Loehr R C, Prakasam T B, et al. Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J]. Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation, 1976, 48(5): 835.
[24] Sinha B, Annachhatre A P. Partial nitrification:operational parameters and microorganisms involved[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science & Bio/technology, 2007, 6(4): 285-313.
[25] Zhou Y, Oehmen A, Lim M, et al. The role of nitrite and free nitrous acid (FNA) in wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research, 2011, 45(15): 4672-4682.
[26] Torà J A, Lafuente J, Baeza J A, et al. Combined effect of inorganic carbon limitation and inhibition by free ammonia and free nitrous acid on ammonia oxidizing bacteria[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2010, 101(15): 6051-6058.
[27] Hellinga C, Schellen A a J C, Mulder J W, et al. The sharon process: An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science & Technology, 1998, 37(9): 135-142.
[28] Paredes D, Kuschk P, Mbwette T S A, et al. New aspects of microbial nitrogen transformations in the context of wastewater treatment: a review[J]. Engineering in Life Sciences, 2007, 7(1): 13-25.
[29] 祖波, 张代钧, 祖建, 等. 硝化过程中影响亚硝酸盐积累的因素[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2009, 32(4): 1-5.
[30] Molinuevo B, Garcia M, Karakashev D, et al. Anammox for ammonia removal from pig manure effluents: effect of organic matter content on process performance[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(7): 2171.
[31] Tang C J, Zheng P, Wang C H, et al. Suppression of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers under high organic content in high-rate Anammox UASB reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(6): 1762-1768.
[32] 富冰冰, 刘吉文, 高铭鸿, 等. 厌氧氨氧化细菌物种组成对环境因子响应的研究进展[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2014, 32(3): 427-434.
[33] Rysgaard S, Glud R N. Anaerobic N2 production in Arctic sea ice[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2004, 49(1): 86-94.
[34] Byrne N, Strous M, Crépeau V, et al. Presence and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents[J]. Isme Journal, 2009, 3(1): 117.
[35] 宋成康, 王亚宜, 韩海成, 等. 温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(7): 2006-2013.
[36] Zhu G, Peng Y, Li B, et al. Biological removal of nitrogen from wastewater[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2008, 192: 159.
[37] Vlaeminck S E, Clippeleir H D, Verstraete W. Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[C]//IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition 2010: Water: the Lifeblood of the World, 2010: 433-448.
[38] Kartal B, Kuenen J G, Loosdrecht M C M V. Sewage treatment with anammox[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5979): 702-703.
[39] Strous M. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(7): 3248-3250.
[40] 陈旭良, 郑平, 金仁村, 等. 味精废水厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(5): 747-752.
[41] 王衫允. 低氨氮浓度厌氧氨氧化工艺强化及颗粒污泥菌群特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
[42] Liang Z, Liu J. Landfill leachate treatment with a novel process: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) combined with soil infiltration system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 151(1): 202.
[43] 王元月. 一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化SBR脱氮新技术及其应用研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2015.
[44] 完颜德卿, 袁怡, 李祥, 等. 一种CANON工艺处理低氨氮废水的新模式[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(3): 1122-1129.
[45] Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:An application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10): 292-303.
[46] Ma B, Wang S, Cao S, et al. Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox: Recent advances[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200: 981-990.
[47] Wett B, Omari A, Podmirseg S M, et al. Going for mainstream deammonification from bench to full scale for maximized resource efficiency[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2013, 68(2): 283-289.
[48] Cao Y S, Hong K B, Zhou Y, et al. 新加坡最大回用水处理厂污水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2015(10): 1441-1454.
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