等通道转角挤压对铝硅合金的硅形态及力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用等通道转角挤压工艺(ECAP)对两种铸造铝硅合金(ZL101和ZL102)进行不同道次的加工,研究晶粒细化及硅形态对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:多道次ECAP能有效细化针状共晶硅相并改善其在铝基体中分布的均匀性,具有尺寸细小、分布弥散且棱角钝化共晶硅的铝硅合金具有更优的力学性能;铸态合金ECAP加工后强度和韧性均获提高,固溶+16道次ECAP加工后ZL102合金的伸长率和抗拉强度约为铸态的5.04倍和1.39倍;随挤压道次的增加,两种合金的断裂方式均由脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变;固溶后挤压可获得优良的强韧组合,满足制造行业需要。
Two casting Al-Si alloys(ZL101 and ZL102) were processed by multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP) for grain refinement,and the effects of morphology change of Si particles on their mechanical behaviors were studied.The results show that ECAP could effectively reduce the size of needle-like eutectic silicon and homogeneously disperse it in the Al matrix.The alloy with small and obtuse silicon particles dispersed in the Al matrix has better mechanical behaviors.ECAP can simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity of the as-cast alloys.The elongation and the tensile strength of the ZL102 alloy after solution-treatment plus 16 ECAP passes are 5.04 and 1.39 times as much as those of the as-cast sample,respectively.With the increase of the pressing pass,the fracture mechanism of two alloys changes from brittle fracture to ductile fracture.The combination of solution treatment and ECAP can obtain excellent strength and plasticity of the Al-Si alloys,which can meet the needs of manufacturing industry.
Two casting Al-Si alloys(ZL101 and ZL102) were processed by multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP) for grain refinement,and the effects of morphology change of Si particles on their mechanical behaviors were studied.The results show that ECAP could effectively reduce the size of needle-like eutectic silicon and homogeneously disperse it in the Al matrix.The alloy with small and obtuse silicon particles dispersed in the Al matrix has better mechanical behaviors.ECAP can simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity of the as-cast alloys.The elongation and the tensile strength of the ZL102 alloy after solution-treatment plus 16 ECAP passes are 5.04 and 1.39 times as much as those of the as-cast sample,respectively.With the increase of the pressing pass,the fracture mechanism of two alloys changes from brittle fracture to ductile fracture.The combination of solution treatment and ECAP can obtain excellent strength and plasticity of the Al-Si alloys,which can meet the needs of manufacturing industry.
引文
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[15]曾斌.过共晶铝硅合金的变质处理及其性能的研究[J].轻金属,2012,(11):56-58.ZENG Bin.Research on modification processing and performance in hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Light Metals,2012,(11):56-58.
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[19]刘扭参,刘忠侠.复合变质对Al-20Si合金冲击性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2008,28(12):975-977.LIU Niu-can,LIU Zhong-xia.Influence of mixed modification on impact toughness of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2008,28(12):975-977.
[20]陈鼎,陈振华.铝合金在低温下的力学性能[J].宇航材料工艺,2000,30(4):1-7.CHEN Ding,CHEN Zhen-hua.Mechanical properties of pure aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2000,30(4):1-7.
[2]赵志龙,刘林.ZL102铝硅合金的脉冲电变质处理及其对力学性能的影响[J].铸造,2005,54(9):892-894.ZHAO Zhi-long,LIU Lin.The effect of pulse electric discharging modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL102 Al-Si alloy[J].Foundry,2005,54(9):892-894.
[3]黄晓锋,冯凯,谢锐.Mg及Mn元素对Al-Si合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(8):2196-2204.HUANG Xiao-feng,FENG Kai,XIE Rui.Effects of Mg and Mn element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(8):2196-2204.
[4]张金山,许春香,韩富银.复合变质对过共晶高硅铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2002,12(S1):s107-s110.ZHANG Jin-shan,XU Chun-xiang,HAN Fu-yin.Effect of composite modifier on structures and properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2002,12(S1):s107-s110.
[5]赵爱民,毛卫民,甄子胜,姜春梅,钟雪友.冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织和耐磨性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(5):827-834.ZHAO Ai-Min,MAO Wei-min,ZHEN Zi-sheng,JIANGChun-mei,ZHONG Xue-you.Effects of cooling rate on solidification microstructures and wear resistance of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(5):827-834.
[6]LU Shu-zu,ANGUS H.Growth mechanisms of silicon in AL-Si alloys[J].Journal of Crystal Growth,1985,73(2):316-328.
[7]姚书芳,毛卫民,赵爱明,钟雪友.铸造铝硅合金细化变质处理的研究进展[J].铸造,2000,49(9):512-515.YAO Shu-fang,MAO Wei-min,ZHAO Ai-ming,ZHONGXue-you.The development of refining and modification of cast Al-Si alloy[J].Foundry,2000,49(9):512-515.
[8]MA Ai-bin,SUZUKI K,SAITO N,NISHIDA Y,TAKAGI M,SHIGEMATSU I,IWATA H.Impact toughness of an ingot hypereutectic Al-23 mass%Si alloy improved by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,399(1/2):181-189.
[9]高雷雷,程先华.等通道转角挤压对铝青铜合金组织及摩擦学性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(9):1420-1423.GAO Lei-lei,CHENG Xian-hua.Microstructure and tribological properties of aluminum bronze alloy produced by equal channel angular extrusion[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008,42(9):1420-1423.
[10]何运斌,潘清林,覃银江,刘晓艳,李文斌,CHIU Y L,CHENJ J J.等通道角挤压制备细晶ZK60镁合金的组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(12):2274-2282.HE Yun-bin,PAN Qing-lin,QIN Yin-jiang,LIU Xiao-Yan,LIWen-bin,CHIU Y L,CHEN J J J.Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grain ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(12):2274-2282.
[11]韩富银,王萍,田林海,梁伟,游家学,钟茜婷.等通道转角挤压对耐热镁合金AZ61-4Si组织及性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2013,42(7):1497-1501.HAN Fu-yin,WANG Ping,TIAN Lin-hai,LIANG Wei,YOUJia-xue,ZHONG Xi-ting.Effect of equal channel angular pressing on microstructure and properties of AZ61-4Si heat-resistant magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2013,42(7):1497-1501.
[12]龙慧池,陈江华,刘春辉,李祥亮.Al-7Si合金在热处理过程中的显微结构演变[J].电子显微学报,2013,32(1):18-24.LONG Hui-chi,CHEN Jiang-hua,LIU Chun-hui,LI Xiang-liang.Microstructure development during heat treatment in an Al-7Si alloy[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2013,32(1):18-24.
[13]LIU Chun-hui,CHEN Jiang-hua,LI Cong,WU Cui-lan,LIDian-zhong,LI Yi-yi.Multiple silicon nanotwins formed on the eutectic silicon particles in Al-Si alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2011,64(4):339-342.
[14]PENG Ji-hua,TANG Xiao-long,HE Jian-ting,XU De-ying.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of A356 alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(9):1950-1956.
[15]曾斌.过共晶铝硅合金的变质处理及其性能的研究[J].轻金属,2012,(11):56-58.ZENG Bin.Research on modification processing and performance in hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Light Metals,2012,(11):56-58.
[16]KIM J C,NISHIDA Y,ARIMA H,ANDO T.Microstructure of Al-Si-Mg alloy processed by rotary-die equal channel angular pressing[J].Materials Letters,2003,57(11):1689-1695.
[17]NIINOMI M,KOBAYASHI T.Fracture characteristics analysis related to the microstructures in titanium alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1996,213(1):16-24.
[18]丁雨田,刘博,郭廷彪,胡勇,李海龙,赵珺媛.等通道转角挤压过程中纯铜位错密度变化和力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(8):2057-2064.DING Yu-tian,LIU Bo,GUO Ting-biao,HU Yong,LI Hai-long,ZHAO Jun-yuan.Dislocation density variation and mechanical properties of pure copper via equal channel angular pressing[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(8):2057-2064.
[19]刘扭参,刘忠侠.复合变质对Al-20Si合金冲击性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2008,28(12):975-977.LIU Niu-can,LIU Zhong-xia.Influence of mixed modification on impact toughness of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2008,28(12):975-977.
[20]陈鼎,陈振华.铝合金在低温下的力学性能[J].宇航材料工艺,2000,30(4):1-7.CHEN Ding,CHEN Zhen-hua.Mechanical properties of pure aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2000,30(4):1-7.