超声速燃烧火焰放热区结构CH-PLIF成像技术
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摘要
超燃冲压发动机是吸气式高超声速飞行器的关键部件之一,超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内火焰结构的研究对揭示超声速燃烧的稳焰机理具有重要意义。利用平面激光诱导荧光(Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence,PLIF)技术测量了超声速燃烧直连式试验台燃烧过程中重要自由基CH的二维分布,实现了超声速燃烧火焰放热区结构的可视化。在开敞空间的低速射流火焰炉中使用甲烷/空气预混火焰对CH-PLIF技术进行了初步验证和系统优化,再利用CH-PLIF技术在凹腔稳焰的超燃直连台上实现了超声速燃烧火焰放热区结构的二维可视化,并与OH-PLIF和CH自发辐射测量结果进行了对比。实验结果表明,在开敞空间的低速射流预混火焰中,火焰放热区会发生扭曲、褶皱和分裂等现象,随着雷诺数的增大,火焰锋面褶皱程度更加显著;在凹腔稳焰的超声速燃烧中,火焰放热区高度褶皱和破碎,放热区结构的厚度为0.5～6.5 mm,同时也存在放热区的分裂与剥离等现象。CH-PLIF技术能够以较高的空间分辨率更准确地呈现凹腔超声速火焰放热区的结构,其在凹腔稳焰的超声速燃烧诊断中具有重要的应用价值。
Scramjet engine is one of the most important components of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles, and the research on flame structures in the combustion chamber of scramjet engines plays a significant role in studying the mechanism of flame stabilization of the supersonic combustion. Two-dimensional distributions of CH were measured at a direct connect test facility using the PLIF(planar laser-induced fluorescence) technique to visualize the flame heat-release structures in a cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor. Verification and optimization of the CH-PLIF technique were conducted in a methane/air premixed low-speed flame generated by a jet flame burner. Two-dimensional distributions of flame heat-release structures in the scramjet combustor were achieved by using the CH-PLIF technique. OH-PLIF images and CH chemiluminescence images were also performed in the scramjet combustor to compare these images with the CH-PLIF images. Experimental results show that the heat-release zones of the low-speed premixed jet flames can become distorted, wrinkled and separated. The heat-release zones are highly wrinkled with the increasing Reynolds numbers. The heat-release zones with a thickness of 0.5～6.5 mm in the cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor become highly distorted and wrinkled, and the separation of the heat-release zones can be observed. It is found that the CH-PLIF technique is able to visualize the heat-release zones in cavity-stabilized scramjet combustors and can play a promising role in understanding cavity stabilization mechanisms of the supersonic combustion.
Scramjet engine is one of the most important components of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles, and the research on flame structures in the combustion chamber of scramjet engines plays a significant role in studying the mechanism of flame stabilization of the supersonic combustion. Two-dimensional distributions of CH were measured at a direct connect test facility using the PLIF(planar laser-induced fluorescence) technique to visualize the flame heat-release structures in a cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor. Verification and optimization of the CH-PLIF technique were conducted in a methane/air premixed low-speed flame generated by a jet flame burner. Two-dimensional distributions of flame heat-release structures in the scramjet combustor were achieved by using the CH-PLIF technique. OH-PLIF images and CH chemiluminescence images were also performed in the scramjet combustor to compare these images with the CH-PLIF images. Experimental results show that the heat-release zones of the low-speed premixed jet flames can become distorted, wrinkled and separated. The heat-release zones are highly wrinkled with the increasing Reynolds numbers. The heat-release zones with a thickness of 0.5～6.5 mm in the cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor become highly distorted and wrinkled, and the separation of the heat-release zones can be observed. It is found that the CH-PLIF technique is able to visualize the heat-release zones in cavity-stabilized scramjet combustors and can play a promising role in understanding cavity stabilization mechanisms of the supersonic combustion.
引文
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[8] 李麦亮, 周进, 耿辉, 等. 测量火焰中氢氧基分布的激光诱导荧光技术 [J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2003, 25(3): 10-13, 23.LI Mailiang, ZHOU Jin, GENG Hui, et al. Laser induced fluorescence technology for measurements of OH distribution in flames [J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2003, 25(3): 10-13, 23. (in Chinese)
[9] 翁武斌, 王智化, 何勇, 等. 甲烷湍流射流火焰锋面结构的激光PLIF测量 [J]. 工程热物理学报, 2014(11): 2308-2312.WENG Wubin, WANG Zhihua, HE Yong, et al. The methane turbulent jet flame front structure measurement with PLIF technique [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014(11): 2308-2312. (in Chinese)
[10] Zhou B, Brackmann C, Li Z, et al. Simultaneous multi-species and temperature visualization of premixed flames in the distributed reaction zone regime [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2015, 35(2): 1409-1416.
[11] Zhou B. Advanced laser-based multi-scalar imaging for flame structure visualization towards a deepened understanding of premixed turbulent combustion [D]. USA:Lund University, 2015.
[12] 朱家健, 赵国焱, 龙铁汉, 等. OH和CH2O平面激光诱导荧光同时成像火焰结构 [J]. 实验流体力学, 2016, 30(5): 55-60, 87.ZHU Jiajian, ZHAO Guoyan, LONG Tiehan, et al. Simultaneous OH and CH2O PLIF imaging of flame structures [J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 30(5): 55-60, 87. (in Chinese)
[13] 耿辉, 翟振辰, 桑艳, 等. 利用OH-PLIF技术显示超声速燃烧的火焰结构 [J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2006, 28(2): 1-6.GENG Hui, ZHAI Zhenchen, SANG Yan, et al. Reveal the flame structure of supersonic combustion using OH-PLIF technology [J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2006, 28(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[14] 范周琴, 刘卫东, 林志勇, 等. 凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构实验研究 [J]. 推进技术, 2013, 34(1): 62-68. FAN Zhouqin, LIU Weidong, LIN Zhiyong, et al. Experimental investigation on supersonic combustion flame structure with cavity injectors [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2013, 34(1): 62-68. (in Chinese)
[15] 李麦亮, 周进, 耿辉, 等. 平面激光诱导荧光技术在超声速燃烧中的应用 [J]. 推进技术, 2004, 25(4): 381-384. LI Mailiang, ZHOU Jin, GENG Hui, et al. Application of PLIF in research on supersonic combustion [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2004, 25(4): 381-384. (in Chinese)
[16] Chen S, Su T, Yang F, et al. Calibration method for 2D instantaneous OH-PLIF temperature measurements in flame [J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2013, 11(5): 65-68.
[17] Rasmussen C C, Dhanuka S K, Driscoll J F. Visualization of flameholding mechanisms in a supersonic combustor using PLIF [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007, 31(2): 2505-2512.
[18] Micka D J, Driscoll J F. Reaction zone imaging in a dual-mode scramjet combustor using CH-PLIF[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2008.
[19] 钱伟新, 刘瑞根, 王婉丽. 边缘保持的各向异性扩散滤波方法[C]//全国信号与信息处理联合学术会议, 2005.QIAN Weixin, LIU Ruigen, WANG Wanli. A method of anisotropic diffusion filtering with edges-preserving[C]//Proceedings of National Joint Academic Conference on Signal and Information Processing F, 2005.(in Chinese)
[2] 王振国, 梁剑寒, 丁猛, 等. 高超声速飞行器动力系统研究进展 [J]. 力学进展, 2009, 39(6): 716-739.WANG Zhenguo, LIANG Jianhan, DING Meng, et al. A review on hypersonic airbreathing propulsion system [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2009, 39(6): 716-739.(in Chinese)
[3] 俞刚, 范学军. 超声速燃烧与高超声速推进 [J]. 力学进展, 2013, 43(5): 449-472.YU Gang, FAN Xuejun. Supersonic combustion and hypersonic propulsion [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2013, 43(5): 449-472. (in Chinese)
[4] 刘晶儒, 胡志云, 张振荣, 等. 激光光谱技术在燃烧流场诊断中的应用 [J]. 光学精密工程, 2011, 19(2): 284-296.LIU Jingru, HU Zhiyun, ZHANG Zhenrong, et al. Laser spectroscopy applied to combustion diagnostics [J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2011,19(2): 284-296. (in Chinese)
[5] Eckbreth A C. Laser diagnostics for combustion temperature species [M].Gordon & Breach Publishers, 1988.
[6] 胡志云, 刘晶儒, 关小伟, 等. 燃烧场参数的激光诊断技术研究 [J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2002, 14(5): 702-706.HU Zhiyun, LIU Jingru, GUAN Xiaowei, et al. Study on laser diagnostics applied to combustion and flame [J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2002, 14(5): 702-706. (in Chinese)
[7] 赵建荣, 陈立红, 俞刚, 等. 显示OH浓度分布图像的平面激光诱导荧光技术 [J]. 光学技术, 2000, 26(5): 429-431, 434.ZHAO Jianrong, CHEN Lihong, YU Gang, et al. Planar laser induced fluorescence of OH concentration distribution imaging [J]. Optical Technique, 2000, 26(5): 429-431,434. (in Chinese)
[8] 李麦亮, 周进, 耿辉, 等. 测量火焰中氢氧基分布的激光诱导荧光技术 [J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2003, 25(3): 10-13, 23.LI Mailiang, ZHOU Jin, GENG Hui, et al. Laser induced fluorescence technology for measurements of OH distribution in flames [J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2003, 25(3): 10-13, 23. (in Chinese)
[9] 翁武斌, 王智化, 何勇, 等. 甲烷湍流射流火焰锋面结构的激光PLIF测量 [J]. 工程热物理学报, 2014(11): 2308-2312.WENG Wubin, WANG Zhihua, HE Yong, et al. The methane turbulent jet flame front structure measurement with PLIF technique [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014(11): 2308-2312. (in Chinese)
[10] Zhou B, Brackmann C, Li Z, et al. Simultaneous multi-species and temperature visualization of premixed flames in the distributed reaction zone regime [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2015, 35(2): 1409-1416.
[11] Zhou B. Advanced laser-based multi-scalar imaging for flame structure visualization towards a deepened understanding of premixed turbulent combustion [D]. USA:Lund University, 2015.
[12] 朱家健, 赵国焱, 龙铁汉, 等. OH和CH2O平面激光诱导荧光同时成像火焰结构 [J]. 实验流体力学, 2016, 30(5): 55-60, 87.ZHU Jiajian, ZHAO Guoyan, LONG Tiehan, et al. Simultaneous OH and CH2O PLIF imaging of flame structures [J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 30(5): 55-60, 87. (in Chinese)
[13] 耿辉, 翟振辰, 桑艳, 等. 利用OH-PLIF技术显示超声速燃烧的火焰结构 [J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2006, 28(2): 1-6.GENG Hui, ZHAI Zhenchen, SANG Yan, et al. Reveal the flame structure of supersonic combustion using OH-PLIF technology [J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2006, 28(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[14] 范周琴, 刘卫东, 林志勇, 等. 凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构实验研究 [J]. 推进技术, 2013, 34(1): 62-68. FAN Zhouqin, LIU Weidong, LIN Zhiyong, et al. Experimental investigation on supersonic combustion flame structure with cavity injectors [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2013, 34(1): 62-68. (in Chinese)
[15] 李麦亮, 周进, 耿辉, 等. 平面激光诱导荧光技术在超声速燃烧中的应用 [J]. 推进技术, 2004, 25(4): 381-384. LI Mailiang, ZHOU Jin, GENG Hui, et al. Application of PLIF in research on supersonic combustion [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2004, 25(4): 381-384. (in Chinese)
[16] Chen S, Su T, Yang F, et al. Calibration method for 2D instantaneous OH-PLIF temperature measurements in flame [J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2013, 11(5): 65-68.
[17] Rasmussen C C, Dhanuka S K, Driscoll J F. Visualization of flameholding mechanisms in a supersonic combustor using PLIF [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007, 31(2): 2505-2512.
[18] Micka D J, Driscoll J F. Reaction zone imaging in a dual-mode scramjet combustor using CH-PLIF[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2008.
[19] 钱伟新, 刘瑞根, 王婉丽. 边缘保持的各向异性扩散滤波方法[C]//全国信号与信息处理联合学术会议, 2005.QIAN Weixin, LIU Ruigen, WANG Wanli. A method of anisotropic diffusion filtering with edges-preserving[C]//Proceedings of National Joint Academic Conference on Signal and Information Processing F, 2005.(in Chinese)
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