石家庄市一次大气重污染过程的边界层特征和成因分析
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摘要
针对石家庄市2015年12月5—14日出现的重污染过程,利用石家庄市逐日地基微波辐射计、风廓线雷达、地面气象观测资料以及同期的污染物观测资料,分析了重污染过程期间大气边界层温度、湿度、风变化特征及对PM_(2.5)的影响,采用Hysplit后向气团轨迹模式对污染来源进行分析。此次重污染以局地排放为主要形成源,期间冷空气势力弱,地面日平均风速均在1.5 m/s以下,日平均相对湿度均在70%以上,风速小、湿度大,稳定的大气环流形势为重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境背景。逆温形成及快速增厚导致重污染开始,逆温层平均厚度为683 m,逆温层厚、强、不易消散,导致重污染持续时间长、污染重。近地面小风层厚(平均700 m左右),通风能力弱,导致污染物难以稀释扩散。同时近地层湿度大、厚度厚,使得PM_(2.5)更容易形成和积累,对重污染加重起到了促进作用。
The temperature and humidity and wind change of the atmospheric boundary layer and its impact on PM_(2.5) for the severe pollution event during December 5-14, 2015 were studied with daily observation data from ground-based microwave radiometer, radar wind profiler, meteorological station and air pollution observation station, respectively. In this paper, the pollution forming source was analyzed with the Hysplit model. The results showed that local pollutant emission was the main pollution forming source during the severe pollution. The cold air was weak, the mean wind speed was less than 1.5 m/s and relative humidity was more than 70% during the sustained fog-haze event. The weather background of weak breeze, abundant humidity and stable atmosphere circulation was favorable for the formation of serious pollution. The beginning and increasing in inversion layer thickness caused the pollution formation. The average height of inversion layer was about 700 m. And the severe and long-lasting fog-haze event was attributed to the thick, strong and long-lasting inversion layer. The small wind layer thickness near ground was high(average 700 m) and the ventilating capacity was weak, resulting in difficult dilution and diffusion of pollutants. In addition, high humidity and humidity layer thickness made it easier for PM_(2.5) to form and accumulate, and it also contributed to the beginning and increasing severe pollution.
The temperature and humidity and wind change of the atmospheric boundary layer and its impact on PM_(2.5) for the severe pollution event during December 5-14, 2015 were studied with daily observation data from ground-based microwave radiometer, radar wind profiler, meteorological station and air pollution observation station, respectively. In this paper, the pollution forming source was analyzed with the Hysplit model. The results showed that local pollutant emission was the main pollution forming source during the severe pollution. The cold air was weak, the mean wind speed was less than 1.5 m/s and relative humidity was more than 70% during the sustained fog-haze event. The weather background of weak breeze, abundant humidity and stable atmosphere circulation was favorable for the formation of serious pollution. The beginning and increasing in inversion layer thickness caused the pollution formation. The average height of inversion layer was about 700 m. And the severe and long-lasting fog-haze event was attributed to the thick, strong and long-lasting inversion layer. The small wind layer thickness near ground was high(average 700 m) and the ventilating capacity was weak, resulting in difficult dilution and diffusion of pollutants. In addition, high humidity and humidity layer thickness made it easier for PM_(2.5) to form and accumulate, and it also contributed to the beginning and increasing severe pollution.
引文
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[3]姜大膀,王式功,郎咸梅,等.兰州市区低空大气温度层结特征及其与空气污染的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(4):133-139.
[4]DAVIS R E,KALKSTEIN L S.Using a Spatial Synoptic Climatological Classification to Assess Changes in Atmospheric Pollution Concentrations[J].Physical Geography,1990,11(4):320-342.
[5]李二杰,刘晓慧,李洋,等.一次重污染过程及其边界层气象特征量分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(5):856-860.
[6]李国翠,连志鸾,郭卫红,等.石家庄市污染日特征及其天气背景分析[J].气象科技,2006,34(6):674-678.
[7]邓长菊,尹晓惠,甘璐.北京雾与霾天气大气液态水含量和相对湿度层结特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(2):193-199.
[8]吴蒙,吴兑,范绍佳.基于风廓线仪等资料的珠江三角洲污染气象条件研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):619-626.
[9]DRAXLER R R,HESS G D.An Overview of the HYSPLIT-4 Modeling System for Trajectories,Dispersion and Deposition[J].Process in Materials Science,1998,47:295-308.
[10]SMYTH S C,JIANG W M,ROTH H,et al.A Comparative Performance Evaluation of the AURAMS and CMAQ Air-quality Modelling Systems[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(5):1059-1070.
[11]程念亮,李云婷,张大伟,等.2013年1月北京市一次空气重污染成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1154-1163.
[12]王芳,陈东升,程水源,等.基于气流轨迹聚类的大气污染输送影响[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):637-642.
[13]DU Huan-huan,KONG Ling-dong,CHENG Tian-tao,et al.Insights into Summertime Haze Pollution Events over Shanghai Based on Online Water-soluble Ionic Composition of Aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45:5131-5137.
[14]王勇,刘严萍,李江波,等.水汽和风速对雾霾中PM2.5/PM10变化的影响[J].灾害学,2015,30(1):5-7.
[15]YAO X H,CHAN C K,FANG M,et al.The Water-soluble Ioniccomposition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(26):4223-4234.
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