大豆不育系源库关系对籽粒产量和单株皱粒率的影响
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摘要
为探究源库关系对大豆不育系籽粒产量和单株皱粒率的影响,选用高、中、低异交率的大豆不育系及其同型保持系为材料,通过测量叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉以及籽粒的单株粒数、百粒重、单株粒重、单株皱粒百分比对鼓粒期3种不育系的源库特征进行比较分析。结果表明:高、中、低3种异交率不育系的可溶性蛋白含量、百粒重、单株皱粒百分比显著高于其同型保持系,单株粒数、单株粒重低于其同型保持系,且中异交率和低异交率不育系的可溶性糖和淀粉含量显著高于其同型保持系及高异交率不育系。较保持系而言不育系的源库间存在差异,且异交率越低的不育系,其源库差异越大。库容量小、可溶性糖和淀粉的输送障碍可能是大豆不育系皱粒率百分比高于保持系的原因,且3种不育系间存在异交率越低,其库容量的减少以及可溶性糖和淀粉的输送障碍越明显的现象。
In order to explore the effects of source-sink relationship of soybean sterile line on seed yield and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant,the soybean sterile lines with high,medium and low out-crossing rate and their homotypic maintainer lines were selected as materials. The source-sink characteristics of 3 soybean sterile lines in the seed filling stage were comparatively analyzed by measuring the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar and starch in leaves,seeds number per plant,100-seed weight,seeds weight per plant,and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant. The results showed that the content of soluble protein,100-seed weight and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant in sterile lines with high,middle and low out-crossing rate were significantly higher than that in their homotypic maintainer lines,but the seeds number per plant and seeds weight per plant in sterile lines were lower than that in their homotypic maintainer lines. Meanwhile,the content of soluble sugar and starch in soybean sterile line with medium and low out-crossing rate were significantly higher than that in their homotypic maintainer lines and the high out-crossing rate of sterile line. There were differences between source-sink of sterile line compared with the homotypic maintainer lines,and the greater difference in the source-sink of the sterile line with the lower out-crossing rate. Small sink capacity,transportation obstacles of soluble sugar and starch were probably the reason why the wrinkled seeds percentage in soybean sterile line was higher than that in its homotypic maintainer line. In addition,there was the phenomenon that the lower of the out-crossing rate,the more obviously decreasement of its sink capacity and the transportation obstacles of soluble sugar and starch in 3 sterile lines.
In order to explore the effects of source-sink relationship of soybean sterile line on seed yield and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant,the soybean sterile lines with high,medium and low out-crossing rate and their homotypic maintainer lines were selected as materials. The source-sink characteristics of 3 soybean sterile lines in the seed filling stage were comparatively analyzed by measuring the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar and starch in leaves,seeds number per plant,100-seed weight,seeds weight per plant,and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant. The results showed that the content of soluble protein,100-seed weight and wrinkled seeds percentage per plant in sterile lines with high,middle and low out-crossing rate were significantly higher than that in their homotypic maintainer lines,but the seeds number per plant and seeds weight per plant in sterile lines were lower than that in their homotypic maintainer lines. Meanwhile,the content of soluble sugar and starch in soybean sterile line with medium and low out-crossing rate were significantly higher than that in their homotypic maintainer lines and the high out-crossing rate of sterile line. There were differences between source-sink of sterile line compared with the homotypic maintainer lines,and the greater difference in the source-sink of the sterile line with the lower out-crossing rate. Small sink capacity,transportation obstacles of soluble sugar and starch were probably the reason why the wrinkled seeds percentage in soybean sterile line was higher than that in its homotypic maintainer line. In addition,there was the phenomenon that the lower of the out-crossing rate,the more obviously decreasement of its sink capacity and the transportation obstacles of soluble sugar and starch in 3 sterile lines.
引文
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[10]赵鑫,彭宝,张井勇,等.异交率对大豆不育系种子质量的影响及调控方法[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):487-493.(Zhao X,Peng B,Zhang J Y,et al.Influence of out-crossing rate on seed quality in sterile soybean lines and regulating ways[J].Soybean Science,2017,36(4):487-493.)
[11]张晓龙.测定小麦种子饱满度的新方法[J].作物学报,1983,9(2):123-128.(Zhang X L.A new method for determining the plumpness of wheat seed[J].Journal of Crop,1983,9(2):123-128.)
[12]Tsai C Y,Larkins B A,Glover D V.Interaction of the Opaque-2gene with starch forming mutant genes on the synthesis of zein in maize endosperm[J].Biochemistry Genetic,1978,16:883-896.
[13]Hedley C L,Smith C M,Ambrose M J,et al.An analysis of seed development in Pisum Sativum II.The effect of their locus on the growth and development of the seed[J].Annals of Botany,1986,58:371-379.
[2]赵丽梅,孙寰,王曙明,等.大豆杂交种杂交豆1号选育报告[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(3):15-17.(Zhao L M,Sun H,Wang S M,et al.A breeding report of hybrid soybean‘Hyb Soy1’[J].Journal of Chinese Oil Crops,2004,26(3):15-17.)
[3]孙寰.吉林大豆[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2005.(Sun H.Jilin soybean[M].Changchun:Jilin Science&Technology Press,2005.)
[4]彭玉华,胡水秀.北方大豆种质引种南方后种子皱缩的研究[J].大豆科学,1997,16(4):343-347.(Peng Y H,Hu S X.Study on shriveled seeds of soybean developed in northern and grown in Southern area[J].Soybean Science,1997,16(4):343-347.)
[5]李正德,王成社,杨天章,等.小麦T型雄性不育系及其杂交种种子皱缩问题的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1987,15(2):1-9.(Li Z D,Wang C S,Yang T Z,et al.Research on the problem of shrinkage of wheat type T male sterile line and its hybrid seed[J].Journal of Northwest Agricultural University,1987,15(2):1-9.)
[6]管春英.改变源库关系对大豆产量与品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2005.(Guan C Y.Effects of changing sourcesink relationship on yield and quality in soybean[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2005.)
[7]王光华,刘晓兵,杨恕平,等.生殖生长期源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,1999,18(3):234-241.(Wang G H,Liu X B,Yang N P,et al.Effects of source-sink change on soybean grain yield and quality during reproductive growth period[J].Soybean Science,1999,18(3):234-241.)
[8]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.(Wang X K.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.)
[9]吴纪民,吴兆苏.源-库变化对小麦籽粒性状和干物质积累的影响[J].种子,1988(12):22-25.(Wu J M,Wu Z S.Effects of source-sink changes on grain traits and dry matter accumulation in wheat[J].Seed,1988(12):22-25.)
[10]赵鑫,彭宝,张井勇,等.异交率对大豆不育系种子质量的影响及调控方法[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):487-493.(Zhao X,Peng B,Zhang J Y,et al.Influence of out-crossing rate on seed quality in sterile soybean lines and regulating ways[J].Soybean Science,2017,36(4):487-493.)
[11]张晓龙.测定小麦种子饱满度的新方法[J].作物学报,1983,9(2):123-128.(Zhang X L.A new method for determining the plumpness of wheat seed[J].Journal of Crop,1983,9(2):123-128.)
[12]Tsai C Y,Larkins B A,Glover D V.Interaction of the Opaque-2gene with starch forming mutant genes on the synthesis of zein in maize endosperm[J].Biochemistry Genetic,1978,16:883-896.
[13]Hedley C L,Smith C M,Ambrose M J,et al.An analysis of seed development in Pisum Sativum II.The effect of their locus on the growth and development of the seed[J].Annals of Botany,1986,58:371-379.
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