膜下滴灌水氮供应对甜菜氮素同化和利用的影响
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摘要
甜菜(Beta vulgaris)是我国北方重要的糖料作物,其根部是榨糖的原料。水肥科学管理是作物栽培中重要的农艺措施,在甜菜生产中氮肥施用量普遍偏高,造成甜菜生长源库关系失调,产量和含糖率下降。为此,本试验于2016～2017年在内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县研究了水氮耦合条件下,不同水氮供应对甜菜氮素吸收、积累、分配、氮同化酶活性、氮肥利用效率和产质量的影响,为甜菜生产水氮科学管理提供生理基础和理论依据。结果表明:膜下滴灌条件下,甜菜氮吸收量和叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性均随施氮量和灌水量的增加而增加;叶丛快速生长期叶片NR和GS活性最高,块根及糖分增长期块根中GS活性最高,与不同器官生长速率相一致;随施氮量的增加,氮素吸收利用率、氮素偏生产力、氮素生理利用率和氮素农学利用率均减小。甜菜生育期灌水1 350～1 427 m~3·hm~(-2),配合施氮量150～179.22 kg·hm~(-2),有利于甜菜产质量增加,同时水氮利用效率也提高。
Sugar beet(Beta vulgaris) is an important sugar crop in north China, and its root is used as raw materials for sugar extraction. Scientific management of water and fertilizer is an important agronomic measure in crop cultivation. In the production of sugar beet, excessive nitrogen application often results in uncoordinated source-sink relationship, and thus decrease beet yield and sugar content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen supply on nitrogen utilization related physiological characteristics and yield and sugar content of beet. The experiment was conducted in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia from 2016 to 2017. The research results may provide theoretical basis for rational water and nitrogen management in sugar beet production. The results showed that the nitrogen absorption of sugar beet, activities of nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthase(GS) in leaves increased with increasing nitrogen and water application with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. The leaf NR and GS activities were maximum in leaf fast growth stage, and the root showed highest GS activity in root and sugar growth period, which was consistent with the growth rates of different organs. With the increase of nitrogen application, absorption and utilization rate, partial productivity, the physiological utilization and agronomic utilization of nitrogen fertilizer all decreased. During the whole growth stage of sugar beet, application of 1 350–1 427 m~3·hm~(-2) irrigation and 150-179.22 kg·hm~(-2) nitrogen was propitious to the rise of yield and sugar content, and had the same effect on utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen.
Sugar beet(Beta vulgaris) is an important sugar crop in north China, and its root is used as raw materials for sugar extraction. Scientific management of water and fertilizer is an important agronomic measure in crop cultivation. In the production of sugar beet, excessive nitrogen application often results in uncoordinated source-sink relationship, and thus decrease beet yield and sugar content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen supply on nitrogen utilization related physiological characteristics and yield and sugar content of beet. The experiment was conducted in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia from 2016 to 2017. The research results may provide theoretical basis for rational water and nitrogen management in sugar beet production. The results showed that the nitrogen absorption of sugar beet, activities of nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthase(GS) in leaves increased with increasing nitrogen and water application with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. The leaf NR and GS activities were maximum in leaf fast growth stage, and the root showed highest GS activity in root and sugar growth period, which was consistent with the growth rates of different organs. With the increase of nitrogen application, absorption and utilization rate, partial productivity, the physiological utilization and agronomic utilization of nitrogen fertilizer all decreased. During the whole growth stage of sugar beet, application of 1 350–1 427 m~3·hm~(-2) irrigation and 150-179.22 kg·hm~(-2) nitrogen was propitious to the rise of yield and sugar content, and had the same effect on utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen.
引文
Cao Y,Sun N,Sun GR,et al(2016).The effect of fertilizer input to yield of sugar beet in Yili region.J Anhui Agr Sci,44(31):137-139(in Chinese with English abstract)[曹禹,孙娜,孙桂荣等(2016).氮·磷·钾肥对伊犁地区甜菜产量的影响.安徽农业科学,44(31):137-139]
Cheng MH,Hao ZY,Yang SL,et al(2018).The interactive impact of water and nitrogen on greenhouse green pepper under film-mulched drip irrigation.Irrig Drain,37(11):50-56(in Chinese with English abstract)[程明瀚,郝仲勇,杨胜利等(2018).膜下滴灌条件下温室青椒的水氮耦合效应.灌溉排水学报,37(11):50-56]
Fei C,Geng QY,Li YY,et al(2015).Effect of nitrogen application on yield and sugar mass fraction of root tuber in drip irrigated sugarbeet.Acta Agr Boreali-Occident Sin,24(11):101-106(in Chinese with English abstract)[费聪,耿青云,李阳阳等(2015).氮肥运筹对露播滴灌甜菜产量和块根糖质量分数的影响.西北农业学报,24(11):101-106]
Hergert GW(2010).Sugar beet fertilization.Sugar Tech,12(3-4):256-266
Gu Y,Hu WH,Xu BJ,et al(2013).Effects of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism in maize under-mulch-drip irrigation.Acta Ecol Sin,33(23):7399-7407(in Chinese with English abstract)[谷岩,胡文河,徐百军等(2013).氮素营养水平对膜下滴灌玉米穗位叶光合及氮代谢酶活性的影响.生态学报,33(23):7399-7407]
Li M,Dong YH,Cui QQ,et al(2017).Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on the metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves under doubled CO2 concentration.Plant Physiol J,53(9):1717-1727(in Chinese with English abstract)[李曼,董彦红,崔青青等(2017).CO2浓度加倍下水氮耦合对黄瓜叶片碳氮代谢及其关键酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,53(9):1717-1727]
Li Q,Zhang JX,Gan YZ(2008).Effect of nitrogen application on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield and quality of high-yielding sugar beet.Agr Res Arid Areas,26(5):55-59(in Chinese with English abstract)[李强,章建新,甘玉柱(2008).施氮对高产甜菜干物质积累分配及产量和品质的影响.干旱地区农业研究,26(5):55-59]
Liu M,Zhang ZX,Zheng EN,et al(2018).Photosynthesis,water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize as impacted by different combinations of water and nitrogen applications.Irrig Drain,37(12):27-34(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘明,张忠学,郑恩楠等(2018).不同水氮管理模式下玉米光合特征和水氮利用效率试验研究.灌溉排水学报,37(12):27-34]
Lu XS,Yu DS,Xu ZC,et al(2019).Study on comprehensive quantitative relationship of soil fertility quality and nitrogen application rate with wheat nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Pedol Sin,56(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)[陆晓松,于东升,徐志超等(2019).土壤肥力质量与施氮量对小麦氮肥利用效率的综合定量关系研究.土壤学报,56(2):1-7]
LüWS,Zeng YJ,Shi QH,et al(2018).Proper nitrogen fertilizer application improving yield and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted double rice.J Soil Water Conserv,32(6):259-268(in Chinese with English abstract)[吕伟生,曾勇军,石庆华等(2018).合理氮肥运筹提高双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用率.水土保持学报,32(6):259-268]
Mo LY,Wu LH,Tao QN(2001).Research advances on GS/GOGAT cycle in higher plants.J Plant Nutr Fert,7(2):223-231(in Chinese with English abstract)[莫良玉,吴良欢,陶勤南(2001).高等植物GS/GOGAT循环研究进展.植物营养与肥料学报,7(2):223-231]
Trifonov P,Lazarovitch N,Arye G(2018).Water and nitrogen productivity of potato growth in desert areas under lowdischarge drip irrigation.Water,970(10):1-16
Shi SD,Sun YQ,Wei L(2011).Plant Physiology Experiment Guidance.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House(in Chinese)[史树德,孙亚卿,魏磊(2011).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国林业出版社]
Wang JY,Liu DY,Song XJ,et al(2018).Study on the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for tomato under drip irrigation and fertilizer integration.Soil Fert Sci China,(6):98-103(in Chinese with English abstract)[汪俊玉,刘东阳,宋霄君等(2018).滴灌水肥一体化条件下番茄氮肥适宜用量探讨.中国土壤与肥料,(6):98-103]
Wang HD,Li J,Cheng MH,et al(2019).Optimal drip fertigation management improves yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.Sci Hortic,243:357-366
Wang YF,Yu ZW,Li SX,et al(2002).Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the change of key enzyme activity during the nitrogen metabolism and kernel protein content in winter wheat.Acta Agron Sin,28(6):743-748(in Chinese with English abstract)[王月福,于振文,李尚霞等(2002).氮素营养水平对冬小麦氮代谢关键酶活性变化和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.作物学报,28(6):743-748]
Wang ZL,Bai J,Li Y,et al(2019).Effects of nitrogen application and plastic mulching on nitrogen uptake and allocation in dry-land spring maize.J Plant Nutr Fert,25(1):74-84(in Chinese with English abstract)[王泽林,白炬,李阳等(2019).氮肥施用和地膜覆盖对旱作春玉米氮素吸收及分配的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,25(1):74-84]
Wu JN,Wei XD,Li X,et al(2018).Research progress in nitrogen use efficiency in plants.Plant Physiol J,54(9):1401-1408(in Chinese with English abstract)[武姣娜,魏晓东,李霞等(2018).植物氮素利用效率的研究进展.植物生理学报,54(9):1401-1408]
Yu HB,Cai B,Sun GQ,et al(1993).Studies on nitrate beductase activity in sugar beet.China Sugar Beet,(3):18-23(in Chinese with English abstract)[于海彬,蔡葆,孙国琴等(1993).甜菜硝酸还原酶活性研究.中国甜菜,(3):18-23]
Zhang X,Meng FQ,Li H,et al(2019).Optimized fertigation maintains high yield and mitigates N2O and NO emissions in an intensified wheat-maize cropping system.Agr Water Manage,211:26-36
Zhang YF(2013).Study on regulation mechanism of nitrogen application to nitrogen assimilation and carbon metabolism in sugar beet(beta vulgaris L.)(dissertation).Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[张翼飞(2013).施氮对甜菜氮素同化与碳代谢的调控机制研究(学位论文).哈尔滨:东北农业大学]
Zhao QX,Jiang Y,Shi CY,et al(2017).Effect of nitrogen-potassium interaction on absorption and translocation of nitrogen and potassium in sweetpotato and the root yield.Plant Physiol J,53(5):889-895(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵庆鑫,江燕,史春余等(2017).氮钾互作对甘薯氮钾元素吸收、分配和利用的影响及与块根产量的关系.植物生理学报,53(5):889-895]
Zou Q(2003).Plant Physiology Experiment Guidance.Beijing:China Agriculture Press(in Chinese)[邹琦(2003).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社]
Cheng MH,Hao ZY,Yang SL,et al(2018).The interactive impact of water and nitrogen on greenhouse green pepper under film-mulched drip irrigation.Irrig Drain,37(11):50-56(in Chinese with English abstract)[程明瀚,郝仲勇,杨胜利等(2018).膜下滴灌条件下温室青椒的水氮耦合效应.灌溉排水学报,37(11):50-56]
Fei C,Geng QY,Li YY,et al(2015).Effect of nitrogen application on yield and sugar mass fraction of root tuber in drip irrigated sugarbeet.Acta Agr Boreali-Occident Sin,24(11):101-106(in Chinese with English abstract)[费聪,耿青云,李阳阳等(2015).氮肥运筹对露播滴灌甜菜产量和块根糖质量分数的影响.西北农业学报,24(11):101-106]
Hergert GW(2010).Sugar beet fertilization.Sugar Tech,12(3-4):256-266
Gu Y,Hu WH,Xu BJ,et al(2013).Effects of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism in maize under-mulch-drip irrigation.Acta Ecol Sin,33(23):7399-7407(in Chinese with English abstract)[谷岩,胡文河,徐百军等(2013).氮素营养水平对膜下滴灌玉米穗位叶光合及氮代谢酶活性的影响.生态学报,33(23):7399-7407]
Li M,Dong YH,Cui QQ,et al(2017).Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on the metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves under doubled CO2 concentration.Plant Physiol J,53(9):1717-1727(in Chinese with English abstract)[李曼,董彦红,崔青青等(2017).CO2浓度加倍下水氮耦合对黄瓜叶片碳氮代谢及其关键酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,53(9):1717-1727]
Li Q,Zhang JX,Gan YZ(2008).Effect of nitrogen application on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield and quality of high-yielding sugar beet.Agr Res Arid Areas,26(5):55-59(in Chinese with English abstract)[李强,章建新,甘玉柱(2008).施氮对高产甜菜干物质积累分配及产量和品质的影响.干旱地区农业研究,26(5):55-59]
Liu M,Zhang ZX,Zheng EN,et al(2018).Photosynthesis,water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize as impacted by different combinations of water and nitrogen applications.Irrig Drain,37(12):27-34(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘明,张忠学,郑恩楠等(2018).不同水氮管理模式下玉米光合特征和水氮利用效率试验研究.灌溉排水学报,37(12):27-34]
Lu XS,Yu DS,Xu ZC,et al(2019).Study on comprehensive quantitative relationship of soil fertility quality and nitrogen application rate with wheat nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Pedol Sin,56(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)[陆晓松,于东升,徐志超等(2019).土壤肥力质量与施氮量对小麦氮肥利用效率的综合定量关系研究.土壤学报,56(2):1-7]
LüWS,Zeng YJ,Shi QH,et al(2018).Proper nitrogen fertilizer application improving yield and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted double rice.J Soil Water Conserv,32(6):259-268(in Chinese with English abstract)[吕伟生,曾勇军,石庆华等(2018).合理氮肥运筹提高双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用率.水土保持学报,32(6):259-268]
Mo LY,Wu LH,Tao QN(2001).Research advances on GS/GOGAT cycle in higher plants.J Plant Nutr Fert,7(2):223-231(in Chinese with English abstract)[莫良玉,吴良欢,陶勤南(2001).高等植物GS/GOGAT循环研究进展.植物营养与肥料学报,7(2):223-231]
Trifonov P,Lazarovitch N,Arye G(2018).Water and nitrogen productivity of potato growth in desert areas under lowdischarge drip irrigation.Water,970(10):1-16
Shi SD,Sun YQ,Wei L(2011).Plant Physiology Experiment Guidance.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House(in Chinese)[史树德,孙亚卿,魏磊(2011).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国林业出版社]
Wang JY,Liu DY,Song XJ,et al(2018).Study on the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for tomato under drip irrigation and fertilizer integration.Soil Fert Sci China,(6):98-103(in Chinese with English abstract)[汪俊玉,刘东阳,宋霄君等(2018).滴灌水肥一体化条件下番茄氮肥适宜用量探讨.中国土壤与肥料,(6):98-103]
Wang HD,Li J,Cheng MH,et al(2019).Optimal drip fertigation management improves yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.Sci Hortic,243:357-366
Wang YF,Yu ZW,Li SX,et al(2002).Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the change of key enzyme activity during the nitrogen metabolism and kernel protein content in winter wheat.Acta Agron Sin,28(6):743-748(in Chinese with English abstract)[王月福,于振文,李尚霞等(2002).氮素营养水平对冬小麦氮代谢关键酶活性变化和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.作物学报,28(6):743-748]
Wang ZL,Bai J,Li Y,et al(2019).Effects of nitrogen application and plastic mulching on nitrogen uptake and allocation in dry-land spring maize.J Plant Nutr Fert,25(1):74-84(in Chinese with English abstract)[王泽林,白炬,李阳等(2019).氮肥施用和地膜覆盖对旱作春玉米氮素吸收及分配的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,25(1):74-84]
Wu JN,Wei XD,Li X,et al(2018).Research progress in nitrogen use efficiency in plants.Plant Physiol J,54(9):1401-1408(in Chinese with English abstract)[武姣娜,魏晓东,李霞等(2018).植物氮素利用效率的研究进展.植物生理学报,54(9):1401-1408]
Yu HB,Cai B,Sun GQ,et al(1993).Studies on nitrate beductase activity in sugar beet.China Sugar Beet,(3):18-23(in Chinese with English abstract)[于海彬,蔡葆,孙国琴等(1993).甜菜硝酸还原酶活性研究.中国甜菜,(3):18-23]
Zhang X,Meng FQ,Li H,et al(2019).Optimized fertigation maintains high yield and mitigates N2O and NO emissions in an intensified wheat-maize cropping system.Agr Water Manage,211:26-36
Zhang YF(2013).Study on regulation mechanism of nitrogen application to nitrogen assimilation and carbon metabolism in sugar beet(beta vulgaris L.)(dissertation).Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[张翼飞(2013).施氮对甜菜氮素同化与碳代谢的调控机制研究(学位论文).哈尔滨:东北农业大学]
Zhao QX,Jiang Y,Shi CY,et al(2017).Effect of nitrogen-potassium interaction on absorption and translocation of nitrogen and potassium in sweetpotato and the root yield.Plant Physiol J,53(5):889-895(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵庆鑫,江燕,史春余等(2017).氮钾互作对甘薯氮钾元素吸收、分配和利用的影响及与块根产量的关系.植物生理学报,53(5):889-895]
Zou Q(2003).Plant Physiology Experiment Guidance.Beijing:China Agriculture Press(in Chinese)[邹琦(2003).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社]
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