哈尔滨主城区不同下垫面融雪径流污染特性
|
摘要
融雪径流是我国北方高纬度城市受纳水体在春季主要的面源污染源,为控制融雪径流对地表水体的污染,于2015年3月底至4月初对哈尔滨主城区6种下垫面、18个采样点的融雪径流进行污染特性分析.通过SPSS 22.0及其主成分分析法确定了BOD5、COD、氨氮、总磷(TP)、石油类和总氮(TN)为哈尔滨主城区融雪径流中影响最为显著的污染指标.应用单因素方差分析法(ANOVA)及其最小显著性差异(LSD)多重比较法对6种下垫面组间及两两下垫间的污染差异性进行了分析.ANOVA分析结果表明,TP在下垫面组间的差异性最大而BOD5最小,其显著性水平(Sig.)分别为0.342和0.631;多重比较的结果则表明不同污染物在两两下垫面之间的均值差异(MeanDiff)均不同,不同下垫面对不同污染指标的贡献率也不同.同时,受地理位置的影响,相同污染物在相同下垫面的不同采样点的分布也存在差别,城市道路和人行道最为明显.不同下垫面融雪径流污染特性分析结果表明,哈尔滨主城区融雪径流污染主要受交通流量、人类活动、冬季燃煤采暖及工业排放的影响.
Snowmelt runoff is the main non-point pollution source of receiving water in the high latitude cities of north China in Spring.In order to control the pollution of surface water body by the snowmelt runoff,the pollution characteristics of 6 kinds of underlying surfaces and 18 sampling points in the main urban area of Harbin were analyzed from late March to early April 2015. Through software SPSS 22. 0 and its principal component analysis method,BOD5,COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP( total phosphorus),petroleum and TN( total nitrogen) were identified as the significant pollution indexes of the snowmelt runoff in the main urban area of Harbin. Single factor ANOVA( Analysis of Variance) and its LSD( Least Significant Difference) multiple comparisons method were adopted to analyze the pollution difference among underlying surface groups and between two kinds of underlying surfaces. The results of AVOVA analysis showed that the difference of TP in all kinds of underlying surface was the largest and that of BOD5 was the least,and the significant levels( Sig.) were 0. 342 and 0. 631,respectively. The results of multiple comparisons showed that the Mean Diffs( Mean Difference)between two underlying surfaces of different pollutants were different,and the contribution rates of different pollution index were different too. Meanwhile,due to the influence of geographical position,for the same pollutant,there were differences in different sampling points of the same underlying surface,especially in city road and pavement. Pollution characteristics of snowmelt runoff on different underlying surface showed that the snowmelt runoff pollution in the main urban area of Harbin was mainly affected by the traffic flow,human activities,coal fired heating in winter and industrial emissions.
Snowmelt runoff is the main non-point pollution source of receiving water in the high latitude cities of north China in Spring.In order to control the pollution of surface water body by the snowmelt runoff,the pollution characteristics of 6 kinds of underlying surfaces and 18 sampling points in the main urban area of Harbin were analyzed from late March to early April 2015. Through software SPSS 22. 0 and its principal component analysis method,BOD5,COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP( total phosphorus),petroleum and TN( total nitrogen) were identified as the significant pollution indexes of the snowmelt runoff in the main urban area of Harbin. Single factor ANOVA( Analysis of Variance) and its LSD( Least Significant Difference) multiple comparisons method were adopted to analyze the pollution difference among underlying surface groups and between two kinds of underlying surfaces. The results of AVOVA analysis showed that the difference of TP in all kinds of underlying surface was the largest and that of BOD5 was the least,and the significant levels( Sig.) were 0. 342 and 0. 631,respectively. The results of multiple comparisons showed that the Mean Diffs( Mean Difference)between two underlying surfaces of different pollutants were different,and the contribution rates of different pollution index were different too. Meanwhile,due to the influence of geographical position,for the same pollutant,there were differences in different sampling points of the same underlying surface,especially in city road and pavement. Pollution characteristics of snowmelt runoff on different underlying surface showed that the snowmelt runoff pollution in the main urban area of Harbin was mainly affected by the traffic flow,human activities,coal fired heating in winter and industrial emissions.
引文
[1]任玉芬,王效科,欧阳志云,等.北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):373-378.
[2]Jung J W,Park H N,Yoon K S,et al.Event mean concentrations(EMCs)and first flush characteristics of runoff from a public park in Korea[J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2013,56(5):597-604.
[3]Zhu Q D,Sun J H,Hua G F,et al.Runoff characteristics and non-point source pollution analysis in the Taihu Lake Basin:a case study of the town of Xueyan,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(19):15029-15036.
[4]Wu J L,Ren Y F,Wang X M,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus associating with different size suspended solids in roof and road runoff in Beijing,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(20):15788-15795.
[5]Janke B D,Finlay J C,Hobbie S E,et al.Contrasting influences of stormflow and baseflow pathways on nitrogen and phosphorus export from an urban watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,121(1):209-228.
[6]张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):76-82.
[7]Lee J Y,Kim H,Kim Y,et al.Characteristics of the event mean concentration(EMC)from rainfall runoff on an urban highway[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(4):884-888.
[8]Ladislas S,El-Mufleh A,Gérente C,et al.Potential of aquatic macrophytes as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2012,223(2):877-888.
[9]汪太明,王业耀,刘玉萍,等.东北地区春季融雪期非点源污染负荷估算方法及应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(4):807-812.
[10]Zhu H,Xu Y Y,Yan B X,et al.Snowmelt runoff:a new focus of urban nonpoint source pollution[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2012,9(12):4333-4345.
[11]孟莹莹,陈建刚,王会肖,等.北京市道路积雪污染及特性研究[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(2):32-37.
[12]李怀恩,刘增超,秦耀民,等.西安市融雪径流污染特性及其与降雨径流污染的比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2795-2802.
[13]童银栋,张巍,胡丹,等.冬季降雪过程对城市大气气态汞污染的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):505-508.
[14]刘玉燕,刘浩峰,张兰.干旱区中小城市降雪中金属元素沉降通量研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(6):29-33.
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.994-697.
[16]刘峰,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.红枫湖沉积物中重金属元素溯源分析的初步探讨[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(9):1871-1879.
[17]裴婷婷,李如忠,高苏蒂,等.合肥城郊典型农田溪流水系统沉积物磷形态及释放风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):548-557.
[18]张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.春季盘溪河水质日变化规律及水质评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1114-1121.
[19]陈强,景毅,吴焕波,等.PM10可替代源成分谱的建立方法及其应用[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4078-4084.
[20]徐鹏,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):4009-4016.
[21]Al-Harbi M,Yassin M F,Shams M B.Stochastic modeling of the impact of meteorological conditions on road traffic accidents[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2012,26(5):739-750.
[22]Vajda A,Tuomenvirta H,Juga I,et al.Severe weather affecting European transport systems:the identification,classification and frequencies of events[J].Natural Hazards,2014,72(1):169-188.
[23]喻文兵,李双洋,冯文杰,等.道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):933-940.
[24]王胜,黄岩.城市道路融冰雪技术分析与应用[J].城市道桥与防洪,2014,(12):181-184.
[25]周旺明,郭焱,朱保坤,等.长白山森林生态系统大气氮素湿沉降通量和组成的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):158-164.
[26]侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):71-75.
[27]荆红卫,华蕾,郭婧,等.北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):106-111.
[28]任娇,王小萍,龚平,等.持久性有机污染物气—土界面交换研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(2):288-297.
[2]Jung J W,Park H N,Yoon K S,et al.Event mean concentrations(EMCs)and first flush characteristics of runoff from a public park in Korea[J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2013,56(5):597-604.
[3]Zhu Q D,Sun J H,Hua G F,et al.Runoff characteristics and non-point source pollution analysis in the Taihu Lake Basin:a case study of the town of Xueyan,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(19):15029-15036.
[4]Wu J L,Ren Y F,Wang X M,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus associating with different size suspended solids in roof and road runoff in Beijing,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(20):15788-15795.
[5]Janke B D,Finlay J C,Hobbie S E,et al.Contrasting influences of stormflow and baseflow pathways on nitrogen and phosphorus export from an urban watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,121(1):209-228.
[6]张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):76-82.
[7]Lee J Y,Kim H,Kim Y,et al.Characteristics of the event mean concentration(EMC)from rainfall runoff on an urban highway[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(4):884-888.
[8]Ladislas S,El-Mufleh A,Gérente C,et al.Potential of aquatic macrophytes as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2012,223(2):877-888.
[9]汪太明,王业耀,刘玉萍,等.东北地区春季融雪期非点源污染负荷估算方法及应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(4):807-812.
[10]Zhu H,Xu Y Y,Yan B X,et al.Snowmelt runoff:a new focus of urban nonpoint source pollution[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2012,9(12):4333-4345.
[11]孟莹莹,陈建刚,王会肖,等.北京市道路积雪污染及特性研究[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(2):32-37.
[12]李怀恩,刘增超,秦耀民,等.西安市融雪径流污染特性及其与降雨径流污染的比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2795-2802.
[13]童银栋,张巍,胡丹,等.冬季降雪过程对城市大气气态汞污染的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):505-508.
[14]刘玉燕,刘浩峰,张兰.干旱区中小城市降雪中金属元素沉降通量研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(6):29-33.
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.994-697.
[16]刘峰,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.红枫湖沉积物中重金属元素溯源分析的初步探讨[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(9):1871-1879.
[17]裴婷婷,李如忠,高苏蒂,等.合肥城郊典型农田溪流水系统沉积物磷形态及释放风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):548-557.
[18]张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.春季盘溪河水质日变化规律及水质评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1114-1121.
[19]陈强,景毅,吴焕波,等.PM10可替代源成分谱的建立方法及其应用[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4078-4084.
[20]徐鹏,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):4009-4016.
[21]Al-Harbi M,Yassin M F,Shams M B.Stochastic modeling of the impact of meteorological conditions on road traffic accidents[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2012,26(5):739-750.
[22]Vajda A,Tuomenvirta H,Juga I,et al.Severe weather affecting European transport systems:the identification,classification and frequencies of events[J].Natural Hazards,2014,72(1):169-188.
[23]喻文兵,李双洋,冯文杰,等.道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):933-940.
[24]王胜,黄岩.城市道路融冰雪技术分析与应用[J].城市道桥与防洪,2014,(12):181-184.
[25]周旺明,郭焱,朱保坤,等.长白山森林生态系统大气氮素湿沉降通量和组成的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):158-164.
[26]侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):71-75.
[27]荆红卫,华蕾,郭婧,等.北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):106-111.
[28]任娇,王小萍,龚平,等.持久性有机污染物气—土界面交换研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(2):288-297.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |