强联系多核心城市群下都市圈的发展特征和演化路径——珠江三角洲的经验与启示
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摘要
不同地域背景下的都市圈具有不同的发展特征及演化路径。珠江三角洲城市群属强联系多核心的城市群,其城市间经历了"先连绵、后互动"的发展过程,在城市间功能互动的过程中,珠三角城市群内出现了3个处于不同阶段并具有不同特征的都市圈。对珠三角历史进程的分析可见,3个都市圈内城市的互动具有很明显的特点:早期是基础设施对接下的产业扩散,然后进入围绕"人"的需求的公共服务共建共享,现在处于服务业聚集和创新要素驱动下的空间结构重构的新阶段。最后从交通、机制、共享、价值观、关系及地形6个方面,总结珠三角强联系多核心城市群下都市圈的发展经验与启示。
Metropolitan areas under different backgrounds have different development characteristics and evolution paths. The multi-core and strongly connected Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration has experienced a "continuous first and then interactive" development process. There are three metropolitan areas in different stages with different characteristics in the Pearl River Delta. The analysis of the urbanization process of the Pearl River Delta shows that the interaction of cities within the three metropolitan areas has obvious characteristics. In the early stage, it is featured by the industrial expansion benefiting from the connection of infrastructure. Then the key issue shifts to the co-cooperation on the provision of public services for the "residence". Now it is on the process of spatial reconstruction of the metropolitan areas driven by innovation forces. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned from the Pearl River Delta's experiences.
Metropolitan areas under different backgrounds have different development characteristics and evolution paths. The multi-core and strongly connected Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration has experienced a "continuous first and then interactive" development process. There are three metropolitan areas in different stages with different characteristics in the Pearl River Delta. The analysis of the urbanization process of the Pearl River Delta shows that the interaction of cities within the three metropolitan areas has obvious characteristics. In the early stage, it is featured by the industrial expansion benefiting from the connection of infrastructure. Then the key issue shifts to the co-cooperation on the provision of public services for the "residence". Now it is on the process of spatial reconstruction of the metropolitan areas driven by innovation forces. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned from the Pearl River Delta's experiences.
引文
[1] WANG Qiuyan. On sustainable economic development of U.S. megalopolis:a case study of New York[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Foreign Studies University, 2016.
[2]王涛.伦敦都市圈及其管理体制的发展演变及特点[J].城市观察,2014(4):87-93.WANG Tao. The evolution and characteristics of London Metropolitan Area and its administration system[J].Urban Insight, 2014(4):87-93.
[3]王建.区域与发展[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1996.WANG Jian. Region and development[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1996.
[4]方创琳,宋吉涛,蔺雪芹,等.中国城市群可持续发展理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.FANG Chuanglin, SONG Jitao, LIN Xueqin, et al.Theory and practice of sustainable development of urban agglomerations in China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[5]马向明,谢石营,陈伟劲,等.从粵港澳大湾区看南沙的独特性与协同发展[J].城市观察,2018(3):15-25.MA Xiangming, XIE Shiying, CHEN Weijin, et al. The uniqueness and coordinated development of Nansha from the perspective of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Urban Insight, 2018(3):15-25.
[6] TalkingData,华人大数据协会.粵港澳大湾区人口流动分析洞察报告[EB/OL].(2018-08-21)[2019-04-15].http://www.199it.com/archieves/762689.html.TalkingData, Chinese Big Data Association. Analysis report on population flow in Guangdong-HongkongMacao Greater Bay Area[EB/OL].(2018-08-21)[2019-04-15]. http://www. 199it.com/archieves/762689.html.
[7]马向明,陈洋.粤港澳大湾区:新阶段与新挑战[J].热带地理,2017,37(6):762-774.MA Xiangming, CHEN Yang. Guangdong-HongkongMacao Greater Bay Area:a new era and a big challenge[J]. Tropical Geography, 2017,37(6):762-774.
[8]王越,李永森,陈洋,等.飞越城际的候鸟:广佛肇清都市圈跨城职住新生态[EB/OL].(2018-12-26)[2019-04-15]. http://www.sohu.com/a/284543560_99907693.WANG Yue, LI Yongsen, CHEN Yang, et al.Ecosystem of jobs-housing in the Guangzhou-FoshanZhaoqing-Qingyuan Metropolitan Area[EB/OL].(2018-12-26)[2019-04-15]. http://www.sohu.com/a/284543560_99907693.
[9]乐有家研究中心.2018年度东莞楼市研究报告[EB/OL].(2019-01-07)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31169278.html.Le You Jia Research Center. Property market research report of Dongguan City in 2018[EB/OL].(2019-01-07)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31169278.html.
[10]乐有家研究中心.2018年度惠州楼市研究报告[EB/OL].(2019-01-14)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31270707.html.Le You Jia Research Center. Property market research report of Huizhou City in 2018[EB/OL].(2019-01-14)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31270707.html.
[11]深圳市交通运输委员会,深圳市发展和改革委员会,深圳市规划和国土资源委员会.深圳市综合交通“十三五”规划[R]. 2016.Shenzhen Municipal Commission of Transport,Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen City Planning and Land Resources Committee. The 13th Five-Year Plan of comprehensive transportation in Shenzhen[R]. 2016.
[12]薛俊菲,顾朝林,孙加凤.都市圈空间成长的过程及其动力因素[J].城市规划,2006(3):53-56.XUE Junfei, GU Chaolin, SUN Jiafeng. Process and driving factors of spatial growth in metropolitan areas[J].City Planning Review, 2006(3):53-56.
[13]中共佛山市委政研室“城市群发展研究”课题组.把握城市群经济形态及发展规律,推动广佛成为珠三角一体化建设的主力军[EB/OL].[2019-04-15].http://www.fsswdx.gov.cn/tmp/200901/1.html.Research Group on Urban Agglomeration Development of Foshan Municipal Committee of CPC. Grasp the economic form and development law of urban agglomeration and promote Guangzhou-Foshan to be the main force of the integration construction of Pearl River Delta[EB/OL].[2019-04-15]. http://www.fsswdx.gov.cn/tmp/200901/l.html.
[14]杨勇,高汝熹,罗守贵.都市圈形成的基本要素[J].安徽农业科学,2007, 35(16):5006-5008. 5017.YANG Yong, GAO Ruxi, LUO Shougui. Basic factors of metropolitan area's formation[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2007,35(16):5006-5008,5017.
[15]房庆方,蔡瀛,宋劲松,等.建立协调高效的区域城乡规划管理新架构——《珠江三角洲城镇群协调发展规划实施条例》带来的变化[J].城市规划,2007,31(12):9-14.FANG Qingfang, CAI Ying, SONG Jinsong, et al.Establishing an effectively coordinated regional urbanrural planning administration system[J]. City Planning Review, 2007,31(12):9-14.
[16] 6 P,LE AT D,SELTZER K,et al. Towards holisticgovernance:the new reform agenda[M]. New York:Palgrave, 2002.
[17]崔晶.区域地方政府跨界公共事务整体性治理模式研究:以京津冀都市圈为例[J].政治学研究,2012(2):91-97.CUI Jing. A study on the integrated governance model of regional local governments'cross-border public affairs:taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area as an example[J]. CASS Journal of Political Science, 2012(2):91-97.
[18]王茂军,柴彦威,高宜程.认知地图空间分析的地理学研究进展[J].人文地理,2007, 22(5):10-18.WANG Maojun, CHAI Yanwei, GAO Yicheng. The progress of geographical study on the spatial analysis of cognitive map[J]. Human Geography,2007,22(5):10-18.
[19]吕大乐.一个有边界的全球化城市:1997年后转变中的香港处境[J].当代港澳研究,2014(1):2-19.LUI Tai-lok. A global city with a border:the changing situation of post-1997 Hongkong society[J]. Studies on Hong Kong and Macao, 2014(1):2-19.
[20] HUI E, WONG F, LI M, et al. Integrations, identity and conflicts:a cross-border perspective on residential relocation of Hong Kong citizens to mainland China[J].Habitat International, 2011(35):74-83.
[21]沈建法.城市跨界发展与融合——港深案例研究[J].城市规划,2013(6):20-25.SHEN Jianfa. Cross-boundary urban development and integration:a case study of Hong Kong and Shenzhen[J].City Planning Review, 2013(6):20-25.
[22]林耿.大都市区消费空间的重构——以广佛同城化为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(6):15-19.LIN Geng. Reconstruction of consumption space:a case study of Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area[J].Modern Urban Research,2011(6):15-19.
[23] GOVERS R, GO F. Place branding:glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced[M]. New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
[24]蒋廉雄,朱辉煌,卢泰宏.区域竞争的新战略:基于协同的区域品牌资产构建[J].中国软科学,2005(11):107-116.JIANG Lianxiong, ZHU Huihuang, LU Taihong. New strategy for regional competition construction place equity based on marketing synergy[J]. China Soft Science, 2005(11):107-116.
[25]施继元.都市圈效应研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.SHI Jiyuan. Research on effect of metropolitan area[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2009.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.城际合作空间的生产与重构——基于领域、网络与尺度的视角[J].地理科学进展,2017, 12(36):1510-1520.MA Xueguang, LI Luqi. The production and restructuring of interurban cooperative space:from the perspective of territory,network and scale[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,12(36):1510-1520.
[27] TEMENOS C, MCCANN E. Geographies of policy mobilities[J]. Geography Compass, 2013,7(5):344-357.
[28] SONG T, LIU W, LIU Z, et al. Chinese overseas industrial parks in southeast Asia:an examination of policy mobility from the perspective of embeddedness[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2018,28(9):1288-1306.
(1)日本学者木内信藏提出的“三地带学说”认为大城市圈层是由中心地域、城市周边地区和市郊外缘广阔腹地3大部分组成的,其思想进而被发展为“都市圈”理念。
(2)根据两市统计公报,广州、佛山2017年末常住人口数量分别为1449.84万人和765.67万人,合计为2215.51万人。
[2]王涛.伦敦都市圈及其管理体制的发展演变及特点[J].城市观察,2014(4):87-93.WANG Tao. The evolution and characteristics of London Metropolitan Area and its administration system[J].Urban Insight, 2014(4):87-93.
[3]王建.区域与发展[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1996.WANG Jian. Region and development[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1996.
[4]方创琳,宋吉涛,蔺雪芹,等.中国城市群可持续发展理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.FANG Chuanglin, SONG Jitao, LIN Xueqin, et al.Theory and practice of sustainable development of urban agglomerations in China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[5]马向明,谢石营,陈伟劲,等.从粵港澳大湾区看南沙的独特性与协同发展[J].城市观察,2018(3):15-25.MA Xiangming, XIE Shiying, CHEN Weijin, et al. The uniqueness and coordinated development of Nansha from the perspective of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Urban Insight, 2018(3):15-25.
[6] TalkingData,华人大数据协会.粵港澳大湾区人口流动分析洞察报告[EB/OL].(2018-08-21)[2019-04-15].http://www.199it.com/archieves/762689.html.TalkingData, Chinese Big Data Association. Analysis report on population flow in Guangdong-HongkongMacao Greater Bay Area[EB/OL].(2018-08-21)[2019-04-15]. http://www. 199it.com/archieves/762689.html.
[7]马向明,陈洋.粤港澳大湾区:新阶段与新挑战[J].热带地理,2017,37(6):762-774.MA Xiangming, CHEN Yang. Guangdong-HongkongMacao Greater Bay Area:a new era and a big challenge[J]. Tropical Geography, 2017,37(6):762-774.
[8]王越,李永森,陈洋,等.飞越城际的候鸟:广佛肇清都市圈跨城职住新生态[EB/OL].(2018-12-26)[2019-04-15]. http://www.sohu.com/a/284543560_99907693.WANG Yue, LI Yongsen, CHEN Yang, et al.Ecosystem of jobs-housing in the Guangzhou-FoshanZhaoqing-Qingyuan Metropolitan Area[EB/OL].(2018-12-26)[2019-04-15]. http://www.sohu.com/a/284543560_99907693.
[9]乐有家研究中心.2018年度东莞楼市研究报告[EB/OL].(2019-01-07)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31169278.html.Le You Jia Research Center. Property market research report of Dongguan City in 2018[EB/OL].(2019-01-07)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31169278.html.
[10]乐有家研究中心.2018年度惠州楼市研究报告[EB/OL].(2019-01-14)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31270707.html.Le You Jia Research Center. Property market research report of Huizhou City in 2018[EB/OL].(2019-01-14)[2019-04-15]. http://sz.news.fang.com/open/31270707.html.
[11]深圳市交通运输委员会,深圳市发展和改革委员会,深圳市规划和国土资源委员会.深圳市综合交通“十三五”规划[R]. 2016.Shenzhen Municipal Commission of Transport,Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen City Planning and Land Resources Committee. The 13th Five-Year Plan of comprehensive transportation in Shenzhen[R]. 2016.
[12]薛俊菲,顾朝林,孙加凤.都市圈空间成长的过程及其动力因素[J].城市规划,2006(3):53-56.XUE Junfei, GU Chaolin, SUN Jiafeng. Process and driving factors of spatial growth in metropolitan areas[J].City Planning Review, 2006(3):53-56.
[13]中共佛山市委政研室“城市群发展研究”课题组.把握城市群经济形态及发展规律,推动广佛成为珠三角一体化建设的主力军[EB/OL].[2019-04-15].http://www.fsswdx.gov.cn/tmp/200901/1.html.Research Group on Urban Agglomeration Development of Foshan Municipal Committee of CPC. Grasp the economic form and development law of urban agglomeration and promote Guangzhou-Foshan to be the main force of the integration construction of Pearl River Delta[EB/OL].[2019-04-15]. http://www.fsswdx.gov.cn/tmp/200901/l.html.
[14]杨勇,高汝熹,罗守贵.都市圈形成的基本要素[J].安徽农业科学,2007, 35(16):5006-5008. 5017.YANG Yong, GAO Ruxi, LUO Shougui. Basic factors of metropolitan area's formation[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2007,35(16):5006-5008,5017.
[15]房庆方,蔡瀛,宋劲松,等.建立协调高效的区域城乡规划管理新架构——《珠江三角洲城镇群协调发展规划实施条例》带来的变化[J].城市规划,2007,31(12):9-14.FANG Qingfang, CAI Ying, SONG Jinsong, et al.Establishing an effectively coordinated regional urbanrural planning administration system[J]. City Planning Review, 2007,31(12):9-14.
[16] 6 P,LE AT D,SELTZER K,et al. Towards holisticgovernance:the new reform agenda[M]. New York:Palgrave, 2002.
[17]崔晶.区域地方政府跨界公共事务整体性治理模式研究:以京津冀都市圈为例[J].政治学研究,2012(2):91-97.CUI Jing. A study on the integrated governance model of regional local governments'cross-border public affairs:taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area as an example[J]. CASS Journal of Political Science, 2012(2):91-97.
[18]王茂军,柴彦威,高宜程.认知地图空间分析的地理学研究进展[J].人文地理,2007, 22(5):10-18.WANG Maojun, CHAI Yanwei, GAO Yicheng. The progress of geographical study on the spatial analysis of cognitive map[J]. Human Geography,2007,22(5):10-18.
[19]吕大乐.一个有边界的全球化城市:1997年后转变中的香港处境[J].当代港澳研究,2014(1):2-19.LUI Tai-lok. A global city with a border:the changing situation of post-1997 Hongkong society[J]. Studies on Hong Kong and Macao, 2014(1):2-19.
[20] HUI E, WONG F, LI M, et al. Integrations, identity and conflicts:a cross-border perspective on residential relocation of Hong Kong citizens to mainland China[J].Habitat International, 2011(35):74-83.
[21]沈建法.城市跨界发展与融合——港深案例研究[J].城市规划,2013(6):20-25.SHEN Jianfa. Cross-boundary urban development and integration:a case study of Hong Kong and Shenzhen[J].City Planning Review, 2013(6):20-25.
[22]林耿.大都市区消费空间的重构——以广佛同城化为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(6):15-19.LIN Geng. Reconstruction of consumption space:a case study of Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area[J].Modern Urban Research,2011(6):15-19.
[23] GOVERS R, GO F. Place branding:glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced[M]. New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
[24]蒋廉雄,朱辉煌,卢泰宏.区域竞争的新战略:基于协同的区域品牌资产构建[J].中国软科学,2005(11):107-116.JIANG Lianxiong, ZHU Huihuang, LU Taihong. New strategy for regional competition construction place equity based on marketing synergy[J]. China Soft Science, 2005(11):107-116.
[25]施继元.都市圈效应研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.SHI Jiyuan. Research on effect of metropolitan area[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2009.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.城际合作空间的生产与重构——基于领域、网络与尺度的视角[J].地理科学进展,2017, 12(36):1510-1520.MA Xueguang, LI Luqi. The production and restructuring of interurban cooperative space:from the perspective of territory,network and scale[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,12(36):1510-1520.
[27] TEMENOS C, MCCANN E. Geographies of policy mobilities[J]. Geography Compass, 2013,7(5):344-357.
[28] SONG T, LIU W, LIU Z, et al. Chinese overseas industrial parks in southeast Asia:an examination of policy mobility from the perspective of embeddedness[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2018,28(9):1288-1306.
(1)日本学者木内信藏提出的“三地带学说”认为大城市圈层是由中心地域、城市周边地区和市郊外缘广阔腹地3大部分组成的,其思想进而被发展为“都市圈”理念。
(2)根据两市统计公报,广州、佛山2017年末常住人口数量分别为1449.84万人和765.67万人,合计为2215.51万人。